Overview Of Tissue

In this article, we are talking about tissue and types of tissue and more details. This description helps the student to clear his doubts related to the tissue. Many exams like SSC CGL, NEET, Railway, UGC NET etc. After reading this article prepare your keynotes and bookmarks this article for future references. 

Tissue :

In general terms, tissue can be specified as a collection of cells with a similar origin, shape, function, and structure called tissues. They provide a cellular organizational level, extreme between the cells and organ system. Organs are developed by combining the functional group of tissue. The study of tissue is called histology and the study of disease-related tissue is referred to as histopathology.

The Human Body is made up of four types of tissue: Nervous, Muscle, Epithelial, and Connective tissue. Plants are saturated and permanently fixed and don’t move from one place to another place. Because of this, the majority of the plant tissues they possess are supporting, giving them structural strength. As a result, their tissues are distinct from mammal tissues. Plant tissue is present in the four different foams i.e. Epidermal tissue, Vascular tissue, Permanent tissue, and Meristematic tissue. Animal tissues are grouped into four types: Connective Tissue, Muscle Tissue, Nervous Tissue, and Epithelial Tissue.

Types of Plant Tissue :

Meristematic Tissue :

They are the collection of young cells, which consist of regularly dividing cells and support the increase of length and width of the plant. New cells developed through meristem are initially such as those of meristem itself, but as they grow and mature, their properties slowly change and they start to differentiate as part of other tissues.

The cells of the meristematic tissue divide actively to form specialized structures like buds of leaves and flowers, tips of roots or shoots, etc. There are various types of meristematic tissues, which are categorized based on positions, functions, origin, and development. On the basis of the occurrence of meristem tissue in the plant body there are three main types of meristem tissue:

1. Apical Meristem: They are present at the tip of stems and roots. Throughout cell division, this meristem supports cellular development and also influences the structure of mature plants. These are in control of the main body of the plant as well as the extension of shoots and roots.

2. Lateral Meristems: They are placed along the sides of roots and stems. They perform the main role in increasing the width or diameter of stems and roots.

3. Intercalary Meristems: They are placed at the bases of young leaves and internodes. They are primarily responsible for the regularly lengthening of stems and leaves. These cells consist of large nuclei, rich cytoplasm, and thin cellulose walls due to their being exceedingly active. Vacuoles are not present.

Permanent Tissues :

A group of cells that are similar in origin, structure, and in function. They are participating in complete growth and differentiation throughout the ineffective of meristematic activity. They are the tissues that are no longer able to divide since they have reached mature form. It has no longer form and shape, have lost the power to separate and differentiate. There are three types of permanent tissues.

1. Simple Permanent Tissues.
2. Complex Permanent Tissues.
3. Special or Secretory Tissues.

Simple Permanent Tissues :

Simple Permanent Tissues are created by only a homogeneous type of cell. It is consists of similar cells performing the same function and the same shape and similar type parts. They are not specific cells and with thin cell walls made up of cellulose. This tissue has a tightly packed cell structure. Simple permanent tissues are divided into three main types.
1. Parenchyma
2. Collenchyma
3. Sclerenchyma

Parenchyma:  The Parenchyma cells are structures such as an oval or a circle. Hemicellulose or cellulose makes up the thin cell wall. Vacuoles and a little nucleus are features of the cells. Parenchyma can be present throughout the entire plant.

Collenchyma: The collenchyma cell walls are thick and lengthy. The Cell wall is created by cellulose and pectin. Collenchyma is situated in the dicot leaf’s epidermal and vascular bundles. Less chloroplast is present in these cells.

Sclerenchyma: These are dead tissues, very hard and rigid in texture. Cells are thick-walled with different sizes and shapes. Sclerenchyma provides mechanical support and rigidity to the plant.

Complex Permanent Tissue :

Complex permanent tissue is explained as a group of structurally heterogeneous cells that play a main function or set of functions. A complex permanent tissue is created of various types of cells having a common origin. They are of two types. Xylem and Phloem.

Xylem :

The xylem is a part of complex permanent, conducting tissue that moves water and mineral or nutrients in only an upper direction from root to leaves. The cells of the xylem have thick lignified walls, and many of them are dead. It is a heterogeneous tissue consisting of various elements like Xylem Tracheids, Xylem fibers, Xylem parenchyma, Xylem vessels, or trace.

Phloem :

Phloem is a living vascular tissue that is placed in vascular plants and is changed for moves food prepared in the leaves throughout photosynthesis to all the organs of the plant. This complete procedure of transportation is called phloem translocation.

Epidermis Plant Tissues – cells formed the outermost surface of the leaves.
Vascular Plant Tissues – It is participating in transporting fluid and nutrients internally.
Ground Plant Tissue – It is participating in producing nutrients by photosynthesis and preserving nutrients.

Types of animal tissues :

Connective Tissues :

Connective tissues are those tissue that is made up of cells that connects or separate and helps all the other types of tissues in the body. This tissue provides structure to the different organs and maintains their positions. 
For example, blood, bone, tendon, adipose, ligament, and areolar tissues. There are three types of connective tissue:

1. Fluid Connective Tissue.
2. Fibrous Connective Tissue.
3. Skeletal Connective Tissue.

Muscle Tissue :

They are participating in generating force and motion, either for locomotion or for other body movements within internal organs. There are three types of muscle tissue:

1. Skeletal Muscle – They are connected to bones
2. Cardiac Muscle – It is present in the heart.
3. Visceral or Smooth Muscle – they are placed in the inner walls of organs.

Nervous Tissue :

They are primary components of the brain and spinal cord in the central nervous system. Brains are made of soft tissue, which involved gray and white matter, consisting the nerve cells, and non-neuronal cells. The white matter contains axons and oligodendrocytes, white matter is placed in the inner layer of the cortex. The gray matter contains neurons and unmyelinated fibers. Grey matter creates the outermost layer of the brain and is pinkish grey in tone. The cranial nerves and spinal nerves are formed by neural tissue in the peripheral nervous system.

Epithelial Tissue :

They are created by cells that protect the external parts of the body organs and line the organ surfaces like the surface of the skin, reproductive tract, airways, and inner lining of the digestive tract.