Operators in Dart

The operators are special symbols that are used to carry out certain operations on the operands. The Dart has numerous built-in operators which can be used to carry out different functions, for example, ‘+’ is used to add two operands. Operators are meant to carry operations on one or two operands. 

Different types of operators in Dart:

The following are the various types of operators in Dart:

1. Arithmetic Operators
2. Relational Operators
3. Type Test Operators
4. Bitwise Operators
5. Assignment Operators
6. Logical Operators
7. Conditional Operator
8. Cascade Notation Operator

1. Arithmetic Operators:

This class of operators contain those operators which are used to perform arithmetic operation on the operands. They are binary operators i.e they act on two operands. They go like this: 

Operator Symbol	Operator Name	Operator Description
+	Addition	Use to add two operands
–	Subtraction	Use to subtract two operands
-expr	Unary Minus	It is Use to reverse the sign of the expression
*	Multiply	Use to multiply two operands
/	Division	Use to divide two operands
~/	Division	Use two divide two operands but give output in integer
%	Modulus	Use to give remainder of two operands

Example: Using Arithmetic Operators in the program

Dart

void main()
{
    int a = 2;
    int b = 3;

    // Adding a and b
    var c = a + b;
    print("Sum of a and b is $c");

    // Subtracting a and b
    var d = a - b;
    print("The difference between a and b is $d");

    // Using unary minus
    var e = -d;
    print("The negation of difference between a and b is $e");

    // Multiplication of a and b
    var f = a * b;
    print("The product of a and b is $f");

    // Division of a and b
    var g = b / a;
    print("The quotient of a and b is $g");

    // Using ~/ to divide a and b
    var h = b ~ / a;
    print("The quotient of a and b is $h");

    // Remainder of a and b
    var i = b % a;
    print("The remainder of a and b is $i");
}

Output:

Sum of a and b is 5
The difference between a and b is -1
The negation of difference between a and b is 1
Product of a and b is 6
The quotient of a and b is 1.5
The quotient of a and b is 1
The remainder of a and b is 1

2. Relational Operators:

This class of operators contain those operators which are used to perform relational operation on the operands. It goes like this: 

Operator Symbol	Operator Name	Operator Description
>	Greater than	Check which operand is bigger and give result as boolean expression.
<	Less than	Check which operand is smaller and give result as boolean expression.
>=	Greater than or equal to	Check which operand is greater or equal to each other and give result as boolean expression.
<=	less than equal to	Check which operand is less than or equal to each other and give result as boolean expression.
==	Equal to	Check whether the operand are equal to each other or not and give result as boolean expression.
!=	Not Equal to	Check whether the operand are not equal to each other or not and give result as boolean expression.

Example: Using Relational Operators in the program

Dart

void main()
{
    int a = 2;
    int b = 3;

    // Greater between a and b
    var c = a > b;
    print("a is greater than b is $c");

    // Smaller between a and b
    var d = a < b;
    print("a is smaller than b is $d");

    // Greater than or equal to between a and b
    var e = a >= b;
    print("a is greater than b is $e");

    // Less than or equal to between a and b
    var f = a <= b;
    print("a is smaller than b is $f");

    // Equality between a and b
    var g = b == a;
    print("a and b are equal is $g");

    // Unequality between a and b
    var h = b != a;
    print("a and b are not equal is $h");
}

Output:

a is greater than b is false
a is smaller than b is true
a is greater than b is false
a is smaller than b is true
a and b are equal is false
a and b are not equal is true 

3. Type Test Operators:

This class of operators contain those operators which are used to perform comparison on the operands. It goes like this: 

Operator Symbol	Operator Name	Operator Description
is	is	Gives boolean value true as output if the object has specific type
is!	is not	Gives boolean value false as output if the object has specific type

Example: Using Type Test Operators in the program

Dart

void main()
{
    String a = 'GFG';
    double b = 3.3;

    // Using is to compare
    print(a is String);

    // Using is! to compare
    print(b is !int);
}

Output:

true
true

4. Bitwise Operators:

This class of operators contain those operators which are used to perform bitwise operation on the operands. It goes like this: 

Operator Symbol	Operator Name	Operator Description
&	Bitwise AND	Performs bitwise and operation on two operands.
|	Bitwise OR	Performs bitwise or operation on two operands.
^	Bitwise XOR	Performs bitwise XOR operation on two operands.
~	Bitwise NOT	Performs bitwise NOT operation on two operands.
<<	Left Shift	Shifts a in binary representation to b bits to left and inserting 0 from right.
>>	Right Shift	Shifts a in binary representation to b bits to left and inserting 0 from left.

Example: Using Bitwise Operators in the program

Dart

void main()
{
    int a = 5;
    int b = 7;

    // Performing Bitwise AND on a and b
    var c = a & b;
    print(c);

    // Performing Bitwise OR on a and b
    var d = a | b;
    print(d);

    // Performing Bitwise XOR on a and b
    var e = a ^ b;
    print(e);

    // Performing Bitwise NOT on a
    var f = ~a;
    print(f);

    // Performing left shift on a
    var g = a << b;
    print(g);

    // Performing right shift on a
    var h = a >> b;
    print(h);
}

Output:

5
7
2
4294967290
640
0 

5. Assignment Operators:

This class of operators contain those operators which are used to assign value to the operands. It goes like this: 

Operator Symbol	Operator Name	Operator Description
=	Equal to	Use to assign values to the expression or variable
??=	Assignment operator	Assign the value only if it is null.

Example: Using Assignment Operators in the program

Dart

void main()
{
    int a = 5;
    int b = 7;

    // Assigning value to variable c
    var c = a * b;
    print(c);

    // Assigning value to variable d
    var d;
    d ? ? = a + b; // Value is assign as it is null
    print(d);
    // Again trying to assign value to d
    d ? ? = a - b; // Value is not assign as it is not null
    print(d);
}

Output:

35
12
12 

6. Logical Operators:

This class of operators contain those operators which are used to logically combine two or more conditions of the operands. It goes like this: 

Operator Symbol	Operator Name	Operator Description
&&	And Operator	Use to add two conditions and if both are true than it will return true.
||	Or Operator	Use to add two conditions and if even one of them is true than it will return true.
!	Not Operator	It is use to reverse the result.

Example 1: Using Logical Operators in the program

Dart

void main()
{
    int a = 5;
    int b = 7;

    // Using And Operator
    bool c = a > 10 && b < 10;
    print(c);

    // Using Or Operator
    bool d = a > 10 || b < 10;
    print(d);

    // Using Not Operator
    bool e = !(a > 10);
    print(e);
}

Output:

false
true
true

Example 2: Logical operator can only be application to boolean expression and in dart, non-zero numbers are not considered as true and zero as false:

Dart

void main()
{
    int a = 5;
    int b = 7;

    // Using And Operator
    print(a && b);

    // Using Or Operator
    print(a || b);

    // Using Not Operator
    print(!a);
}

Output: Error: A value of type 'int' can't be assigned to a variable of type 'bool'.

7. Conditional Operators:

This class of operators contain those operators which are used to perform comparison on the operands. It goes like this: 

Operator Symbol	Operator Name	Operator Description
condition ? expersion1 : expersion2	Conditional Operator	It is a simple version of if-else statement. If the condition is true than expersion1 is executed else expersion2 is executed.
expersion1 ?? expersion2	Conditional Operator	If expersion1 is non-null returns its value else returns expression2 value.

Example: Using Conditional Operators in the program

Dart

void main()
{
    int a = 5;
    int b = 7;

    // Conditional Statement
    var c = (a < 10) ? "Statement is Correct, Geek" : "Statement is Wrong, Geek";
    print(c);


    // Conditional statement
      int? n;
      // Warning: Operand of null-aware operation '??' has type 'int' which excludes null.
      // For batter practice make both same type to avoid warning
      // var d = n ?? 10;
      var d = n ?? "n has Null value";
      print(d);

    // After assigning value to n
    n = 10;
      // we make it all ready null safe
    //d = n ? ? "n has Null value";
      d = n;
    print(d);
}

Output:

Statement is Correct, Geek
n has Null value
10 

Also In The Above Code,You May Notice That The Variable ‘n’ is Declared As “int? n”.By declaring n as int?, you are indicating that the variable n can hold an integer value or a null value. The ? denotes that the variable is nullable, meaning it can be assigned a null value in addition to integer values.

8. Cascade Notation Operators:

This class of operators allows you to perform a sequence of operation on the same element. It allows you to perform multiple methods on the same object. It goes like this: 

Operator Symbol	Operator Name	Operator Description
..	cascading Method	It is used to perform multiple methods on the same object.

Example: Using Cascade Notation Operators in the program

Dart

class GFG {
    var a;
    var b;

    void set(x, y)
    {
        this.a = x;
        this.b = y;
    }

    void add()
    {
        var z = this.a + this.b;
        print(z);
    }
}

void main()
{
    // Creating objects of class GFG
    GFG geek1 = new GFG();
    GFG geek2 = new GFG();

    // Without using Cascade Notation
    geek1.set(1, 2);
    geek1.add();

    // Using Cascade Notation
    geek2..set(3, 4)
        ..add();
}

Output:

3
7