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Operating Systems | Process Management | Question 6

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Three concurrent processes X, Y, and Z execute three different code segments that access and update certain shared variables. Process X executes the P operation (i.e., wait) on semaphores a, b and c; process Y executes the P operation on semaphores b, c and d; process Z executes the P operation on semaphores c, d, and a before entering the respective code segments. After completing the execution of its code segment, each process invokes the V operation (i.e., signal) on its three semaphores. All semaphores are binary semaphores initialized to one. Which one of the following represents a deadlockfree order of invoking the P operations by the processes? (GATE CS 2013)

(A)

X: P(a)P(b)P(c) Y:P(b)P(c)P(d) Z:P(c)P(d)P(a)

(B)

X: P(b)P(a)P(c) Y:P(b)P(c)P(d) Z:P(a)P(c)P(d)

(C)

X: P(b)P(a)P(c) Y:P(c)P(b)P(d) Z:P(a)P(c)P(d)

(D)

X: P(a)P(b)P(c) Y:P(c)P(b)P(d) Z:P(c)P(d)P(a)


Answer: (B)

Explanation:

Option A can cause deadlock. Imagine a situation process X has acquired a, process Y has acquired b and process Z has acquired c and d. There is circular wait now. Option C can also cause deadlock. Imagine a situation process X has acquired b, process Y has acquired c and process Z has acquired a. There is circular wait now. Option D can also cause deadlock. Imagine a situation process X has acquired a and b, process Y has acquired c. X and Y circularly waiting for each other. See http://www.eee.metu.edu.tr/~halici/courses/442/Ch5%20Deadlocks.pdf Consider option A) for example here all 3 processes are concurrent so X will get semaphore a, Y will get b and Z will get c, now X is blocked for b, Y is blocked for c, Z gets d and blocked for a. Thus it will lead to deadlock. Similarly one can figure out that for B) completion order is Z,X then Y. This question is duplicate of https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/gate-gate-cs-2013-question-16/ Watch GeeksforGeeks Video Explanation : 


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Last Updated : 28 Jul, 2021
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