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Number of Antisymmetric Relations on a set of N elements

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Given a positive integer N, the task is to find the number of Antisymmetric Relations on the given set of N elements.  Since the number of relations can be very large, so print it modulo 109+7.

A relation R on a set A is called Antisymmetric if and only if (a, b) € R and (b, a) € R, then a = b is called antisymmetric, i.e., the relation R = {(a, b)→ R | a ≤ b} is anti-symmetric, since a ≤ b and b ≤ a implies a = b.

Examples:

Input: N = 2
Output: 12
Explanation: Considering the set {a, b}, all possible antisymmetric relations are:
{}, {(a, b)}, {(b, a)}, {(a, a)}, {(a, a), (a, b)}, {(a, a), (b, a)}, {(b, b)}, {(b, b), (a, b)}, {(b, b), (b, a)}, {(a, a), (b, b)}, {(a, a), (b, b), (a, b)}, {(a, a), (b, b), (b, a)}.

Input: N = 5
Output: 1889568

 

Approach: The given problem can be solved based on the following observations:

  • Considering an antisymmetric relation R on set S, say a, b ∈ A with a ≠ b, then relation R must not contain both (a, b) and (b, a). It may contain one of the ordered pairs or neither of them.
  • There are 3 possible choices for all pairs.
  • Therefore, the count of all combinations of these choices is equal to 3(N*(N – 1))/2.
  • The number of subsets of pairs of the form (a, a) is equal to 2N.

Therefore, the total count of possible antisymmetric relations is equal to 2N * 3(N*(N – 1))/2.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++




// C++ program for the above approach
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
const int mod = 1000000007;
 
// Function to calculate the
// value of x ^ y % mod in O(log y)
int power(long long x, unsigned int y)
{
    // Stores the result of x^y
    int res = 1;
 
    // Update x if it exceeds mod
    x = x % mod;
 
    while (y > 0) {
 
        // If y is odd, then
        // multiply x with result
        if (y & 1)
            res = (res * x) % mod;
 
        // Divide y by 2
        y = y >> 1;
 
        // Update the value of x
        x = (x * x) % mod;
    }
 
    // Return the resultant
    // value of x^y
    return res;
}
 
// Function to count the number of
// antisymmetric relations in a set
// consisting of N elements
int antisymmetricRelation(int N)
{
 
    // Print the count of
    // antisymmetric relations
    return (power(2, N) * 1LL * power(3, (N * N - N) / 2)) % mod;
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int N = 2;
    cout << antisymmetricRelation(N);
 
    return 0;
}


Java




// Java program for the above approach
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG{
  
static int mod = 1000000007;
 
// Function to calculate the
// value of x ^ y % mod in O(log y)
static int power(int x, int y)
{
     
    // Stores the result of x^y
    int res = 1;
 
    // Update x if it exceeds mod
    x = x % mod;
 
    while (y > 0)
    {
         
        // If y is odd, then
        // multiply x with result
        if ((y & 1) != 0)
            res = (res * x) % mod;
 
        // Divide y by 2
        y = y >> 1;
 
        // Update the value of x
        x = (x * x) % mod;
    }
 
    // Return the resultant
    // value of x^y
    return res;
}
 
// Function to count the number of
// antisymmetric relations in a set
// consisting of N elements
static int antisymmetricRelation(int N)
{
     
    // Print the count of
    // antisymmetric relations
    return (power(2, N) *
            power(3, (N * N - N) / 2)) % mod;
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void main(String []args)
{
    int N = 2;
     
    System.out.print(antisymmetricRelation(N));
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by ipg2016107


Python3




# Python3 program for the above approach
mod = 1000000007
 
# Function to calculate the
# value of x ^ y % mod in O(log y)
def power(x, y):
 
    # Stores the result of x^y
    res = 1
 
    # Update x if it exceeds mod
    x = x % mod
 
    while (y > 0):
 
        # If y is odd, then
        # multiply x with result
        if (y & 1):
            res = (res * x) % mod
 
        # Divide y by 2
        y = y >> 1
 
        # Update the value of x
        x = (x * x) % mod
 
    # Return the resultant
    # value of x^y
    return res
 
# Function to count the number of
# antisymmetric relations in a set
# consisting of N elements
def antisymmetricRelation(N):
 
    # Print the count of
    # antisymmetric relations
    return (power(2, N) *
            power(3, (N * N - N) // 2)) % mod
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == "__main__":
 
    N = 2
     
    print(antisymmetricRelation(N))
 
# This code is contributed by ukasp


C#




// C# program for the above approach
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
class GFG{
 
static int mod = 1000000007;
 
// Function to calculate the
// value of x ^ y % mod in O(log y)
static int power(int x, int y)
{
     
    // Stores the result of x^y
    int res = 1;
 
    // Update x if it exceeds mod
    x = x % mod;
 
    while (y > 0)
    {
 
        // If y is odd, then
        // multiply x with result
        if ((y & 1)>0)
            res = (res * x) % mod;
 
        // Divide y by 2
        y = y >> 1;
 
        // Update the value of x
        x = (x * x) % mod;
    }
 
    // Return the resultant
    // value of x^y
    return res;
}
 
// Function to count the number of
// antisymmetric relations in a set
// consisting of N elements
static int antisymmetricRelation(int N)
{
 
    // Print the count of
    // antisymmetric relations
    return (power(2, N) *
            power(3, (N * N - N) / 2)) % mod;
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void Main()
{
    int N = 2;
     
    Console.Write(antisymmetricRelation(N));
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by SURENDRA_GANGWAR


Javascript




<script>
 
// Javascript program for the above approach
 
var mod = 1000000007;
 
// Function to calculate the
// value of x ^ y % mod in O(log y)
function power(x, y)
{
    // Stores the result of x^y
    var res = 1;
 
    // Update x if it exceeds mod
    x = x % mod;
 
    while (y > 0) {
 
        // If y is odd, then
        // multiply x with result
        if (y & 1)
            res = (res * x) % mod;
 
        // Divide y by 2
        y = y >> 1;
 
        // Update the value of x
        x = (x * x) % mod;
    }
 
    // Return the resultant
    // value of x^y
    return res;
}
 
// Function to count the number of
// antisymmetric relations in a set
// consisting of N elements
function antisymmetricRelation(N)
{
 
    // Print the count of
    // antisymmetric relations
    return (power(2, N) * power(3, (N * N - N) / 2)) % mod;
}
 
// Driver Code
var N = 2;
document.write( antisymmetricRelation(N));
 
</script>


Output: 

12

 

Time Complexity: O(log N)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

 



Last Updated : 27 Apr, 2021
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