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Node having maximum number of nodes less than its value in its subtree

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Given a Binary Tree, the task is to find the node from the given tree which has the maximum number of nodes in its subtree with values less than the value of that node. In the case of multiple possible nodes with the same number of maximum nodes, then return any such node.

Examples:

Input:

           4
       /      \
     6       10
  /  \      /   \
2    3   7     14
    /
   5 
  
Output: 6
Explanation:
Node with value 6 has the maximum of nodes which are less than 6 in the subtree of 6 as (2, 3, 5) i.e., 3.

Input: 
         10
       /    
    21 
  /  \   
2    4 
        \
        11

Output: 21
Explanation:
Node with value 21 has the maximum of nodes which are less than 21 in the subtree of 21 as (2, 4, 11) i.e., 3.

Approach: The idea is to use the Post Order traversal. Below are the steps:

  1. Perform the Post Order Traversal on the given tree.
  2. Compare the nodes from the left sub-tree and the right sub-tree to its root value and if it is less than the root’s value and store the nodes which are less than the root node.
  3. Using the above step at each Node, find the number of nodes, then choose the node that has the maximum number of nodes whose keys are less than the current node.
  4. After the above traversal print that node having the maximum count of lesser node value than that nodes.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++




// C++ program for the above approach
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Stores the nodes to be deleted
unordered_map<int, bool> mp;
 
// Structure of a Tree node
struct Node {
    int key;
    struct Node *left, *right;
};
 
// Function to create a new node
Node* newNode(int key)
{
    Node* temp = new Node;
    temp->key = key;
    temp->left = temp->right = NULL;
    return (temp);
}
 
// Function to compare the current node
// key with keys received from it left
// & right tree by Post Order traversal
vector<int> findNodes(Node* root, int& max_v,
                      int& rootIndex)
{
    // Base Case
    if (!root) {
        return vector<int>{};
    }
 
    // Find nodes lesser than the current
    // root in the left subtree
    vector<int> left
        = findNodes(root->left, max_v,
                    rootIndex);
 
    // Find nodes lesser than the current
    // root in the right subtree
    vector<int> right
        = findNodes(root->right, max_v,
                    rootIndex);
 
    // Stores all the nodes less than
    // the current node's
    vector<int> combined;
    int count = 0;
 
    // Add the nodes which are less
    // than current node in left[]
    for (int i = 0;
         i < left.size(); i++) {
 
        if (left[i] < root->key) {
            count += 1;
        }
        combined.push_back(left[i]);
    }
 
    // Add the nodes which are less
    // than current node in right[]
    for (int i = 0;
         i < right.size(); i++) {
 
        if (right[i] < root->key) {
            count += 1;
        }
        combined.push_back(right[i]);
    }
 
    // Create a combined vector for
    // pass to it's parent
    combined.push_back(root->key);
 
    // Stores key that has maximum nodes
    if (count > max_v) {
        rootIndex = root->key;
        max_v = count;
    }
 
    // Return the vector of nodes
    return combined;
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    /*
              3
           /     \
           4        6
         /  \     /   \
       10    2   4     5
    */
 
    // Given Tree
    Node* root = newNode(3);
    root->left = newNode(4);
    root->right = newNode(6);
    root->right->left = newNode(4);
    root->right->right = newNode(5);
    root->left->left = newNode(10);
    root->left->right = newNode(2);
 
    int max_v = 0;
    int rootIndex = -1;
 
    // Function Call
    findNodes(root, max_v, rootIndex);
 
    // Print the node value
    cout << rootIndex;
}


Java




// Java program for
// the above approach
import java.util.*;
class GFG{
 
// Stores the nodes to be deleted
static HashMap<Integer,
               Boolean> mp = new HashMap<Integer,
                                         Boolean>();
static int max_v, rootIndex;
// Structure of a Tree node
static class Node
{
  int key;
  Node left, right;
};
 
// Function to create a new node
static Node newNode(int key)
{
  Node temp = new Node();
  temp.key = key;
  temp.left = temp.right = null;
  return (temp);
}
 
// Function to compare the current node
// key with keys received from it left
// & right tree by Post Order traversal
static Vector<Integer> findNodes(Node root)
{
  // Base Case
  if (root == null)
  {
    return new Vector<Integer>();
  }
 
  // Find nodes lesser than the current
  // root in the left subtree
  Vector<Integer> left = findNodes(root.left);
 
  // Find nodes lesser than the current
  // root in the right subtree
  Vector<Integer> right = findNodes(root.right);
 
  // Stores all the nodes less than
  // the current node's
  Vector<Integer> combined = new Vector<Integer>();
  int count = 0;
 
  // Add the nodes which are less
  // than current node in left[]
  for (int i = 0; i < left.size(); i++)
  {
    if (left.get(i) < root.key)
    {
      count += 1;
    }
    combined.add(left.get(i));
  }
 
  // Add the nodes which are less
  // than current node in right[]
  for (int i = 0; i < right.size(); i++)
  {
    if (right.get(i) < root.key)
    {
      count += 1;
    }
    combined.add(right.get(i));
  }
 
  // Create a combined vector for
  // pass to it's parent
  combined.add(root.key);
 
  // Stores key that has maximum nodes
  if (count > max_v)
  {
    rootIndex = root.key;
    max_v = count;
  }
 
  // Return the vector of nodes
  return combined;
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
  /*
              3
           /     \
          4       6
         /  \    /  \
       10    2  4    5
    */
 
  // Given Tree
  Node root = newNode(3);
  root.left = newNode(4);
  root.right = newNode(6);
  root.right.left = newNode(4);
  root.right.right = newNode(5);
  root.left.left = newNode(10);
  root.left.right = newNode(2);
 
  max_v = 0;
  rootIndex = -1;
 
  // Function Call
  findNodes(root);
 
  // Print the node value
  System.out.print(rootIndex);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji


Python3




# Python3 program for the above approach
 
# Stores the nodes to be deleted
max_v = 0
rootIndex  = 0
mp = {}
 
# Structure of a Tree node
class newNode:
     
    def __init__(self, key):
         
        self.key = key
        self.left = None
        self.right = None
 
# Function to compare the current node
# key with keys received from it left
# & right tree by Post Order traversal
def findNodes(root):
     
    global max_v
    global rootIndex
    global mp
     
    # Base Case
    if (root == None):
        return []
 
    # Find nodes lesser than the current
    # root in the left subtree
    left = findNodes(root.left)
 
    # Find nodes lesser than the current
    # root in the right subtree
    right = findNodes(root.right)
 
    # Stores all the nodes less than
    # the current node's
    combined = []
    count = 0
 
    # Add the nodes which are less
    # than current node in left[]
    for i in range(len(left)):
        if (left[i] < root.key):
            count += 1
             
        combined.append(left[i])
 
    # Add the nodes which are less
    # than current node in right[]
    for i in range(len(right)):
        if (right[i] < root.key):
            count += 1
             
        combined.append(right[i])
 
    # Create a combined vector for
    # pass to it's parent
    combined.append(root.key)
 
    # Stores key that has maximum nodes
    if (count > max_v):
        rootIndex = root.key
        max_v = count
 
    # Return the vector of nodes
    return combined
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
     
    '''
               3
            /     \
           4       6
          / \     / \
        10   2   4   5
    '''
 
    # Given Tree
    root = None
    root = newNode(3)
    root.left = newNode(4)
    root.right = newNode(6)
    root.right.left = newNode(4)
    root.right.right = newNode(5)
    root.left.left = newNode(10)
    root.left.right = newNode(2)
 
    max_v = 0
    rootIndex = -1
 
    # Function Call
    findNodes(root)
 
    # Print the node value
    print(rootIndex)
 
# This code is contributed by ipg2016107


C#




// C# program for
// the above approach
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
class GFG{
 
// Stores the nodes to be deleted
static Dictionary<int,
                  Boolean> mp = new Dictionary<int,
                                               Boolean>();
static int max_v, rootIndex;
 
// Structure of a Tree node
class Node
{
    public int key;
    public Node left, right;
};
 
// Function to create a new node
static Node newNode(int key)
{
    Node temp = new Node();
    temp.key = key;
    temp.left = temp.right = null;
    return (temp);
}
 
// Function to compare the current node
// key with keys received from it left
// & right tree by Post Order traversal
static List<int> findNodes(Node root)
{
     
    // Base Case
    if (root == null)
    {
        return new List<int>();
    }
     
    // Find nodes lesser than the current
    // root in the left subtree
    List<int> left = findNodes(root.left);
     
    // Find nodes lesser than the current
    // root in the right subtree
    List<int> right = findNodes(root.right);
     
    // Stores all the nodes less than
    // the current node's
    List<int> combined = new List<int>();
    int count = 0;
     
    // Add the nodes which are less
    // than current node in []left
    for(int i = 0; i < left.Count; i++)
    {
        if (left[i] < root.key)
        {
            count += 1;
        }
        combined.Add(left[i]);
    }
     
    // Add the nodes which are less
    // than current node in []right
    for(int i = 0; i < right.Count; i++)
    {
        if (right[i] < root.key)
        {
            count += 1;
        }
        combined.Add(right[i]);
    }
     
    // Create a combined vector for
    // pass to it's parent
    combined.Add(root.key);
     
    // Stores key that has maximum nodes
    if (count > max_v)
    {
        rootIndex = root.key;
        max_v = count;
    }
     
    // Return the vector of nodes
    return combined;
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
    /*
               3
            /     \
           4      6
          / \    / \
        10   2  4   5
        */
     
    // Given Tree
    Node root = newNode(3);
    root.left = newNode(4);
    root.right = newNode(6);
    root.right.left = newNode(4);
    root.right.right = newNode(5);
    root.left.left = newNode(10);
    root.left.right = newNode(2);
     
    max_v = 0;
    rootIndex = -1;
     
    // Function call
    findNodes(root);
     
    // Print the node value
    Console.Write(rootIndex);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Amit Katiyar


Javascript




<script>
 
    // JavaScript program for the above approach
     
    // Stores the nodes to be deleted
    let mp = new Map();
     
    let max_v, rootIndex;
     
    // Structure of a Tree node
    class Node
    {
        constructor(key) {
           this.left = null;
           this.right = null;
           this.key = key;
        }
    }
 
    // Function to create a new node
    function newNode(key)
    {
      let temp = new Node(key);
      return (temp);
    }
 
    // Function to compare the current node
    // key with keys received from it left
    // & right tree by Post Order traversal
    function findNodes(root)
    {
      // Base Case
      if (root == null)
      {
        return [];
      }
 
      // Find nodes lesser than the current
      // root in the left subtree
      let left = findNodes(root.left);
 
      // Find nodes lesser than the current
      // root in the right subtree
      let right = findNodes(root.right);
 
      // Stores all the nodes less than
      // the current node's
      let combined = [];
      let count = 0;
 
      // Add the nodes which are less
      // than current node in left[]
      for (let i = 0; i < left.length; i++)
      {
        if (left[i] < root.key)
        {
          count += 1;
        }
        combined.push(left[i]);
      }
 
      // Add the nodes which are less
      // than current node in right[]
      for (let i = 0; i < right.length; i++)
      {
        if (right[i] < root.key)
        {
          count += 1;
        }
        combined.push(right[i]);
      }
 
      // Create a combined vector for
      // pass to it's parent
      combined.push(root.key);
 
      // Stores key that has maximum nodes
      if (count > max_v)
      {
        rootIndex = root.key;
        max_v = count;
      }
 
      // Return the vector of nodes
      return combined;
    }
     
    /*
              3
           /     \
          4       6
         /  \    /  \
       10    2  4    5
    */
  
    // Given Tree
    let root = newNode(3);
    root.left = newNode(4);
    root.right = newNode(6);
    root.right.left = newNode(4);
    root.right.right = newNode(5);
    root.left.left = newNode(10);
    root.left.right = newNode(2);
 
    max_v = 0;
    rootIndex = -1;
 
    // Function Call
    findNodes(root);
 
    // Print the node value
    document.write(rootIndex);
    
</script>


Output: 

6

Time Complexity: O(N2)
Auxiliary Space: O(N)



Last Updated : 21 Jun, 2021
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