N Queen Problem | Backtracking-3

Difficulty Level : Hard
Last Updated : 24 Mar, 2023

We have discussed Knight’s tour and Rat in a Maze problem in Set 1 and Set 2 respectively. Let us discuss N Queen as another example problem that can be solved using backtracking.
The N Queen is the problem of placing N chess queens on an N×N chessboard so that no two queens attack each other. For example, the following is a solution for the 4 Queen problem.

The expected output is in form of a matrix that has ‘Q’s for the blocks where queens are placed and the empty spaces are represented by ‘.’s . For example, the following is the output matrix for the above 4 queen solution.

. . Q .
Q . . .
. . . Q
. Q . .

Algorithm for N queen problem:-

Initialize an empty chessboard of size NxN.
Start with the leftmost column and place a queen in the first row of that column.
Move to the next column and place a queen in the first row of that column.
Repeat step 3 until either all N queens have been placed or it is impossible to place a queen in the current column without violating the rules of the problem.
If all N queens have been placed, print the solution.
If it is not possible to place a queen in the current column without violating the rules of the problem, backtrack to the previous column.
Remove the queen from the previous column and move it down one row.
Repeat steps 4-7 until all possible configurations have been tried.

Pseudo-code implementation:

function solveNQueens(board, col, n):
  if col >= n:
    print board
    return true
  for row from 0 to n-1:
    if isSafe(board, row, col, n):
      board[row][col] = 1
      if solveNQueens(board, col+1, n):
        return true
      board[row][col] = 0
  return false

function isSafe(board, row, col, n):
  for i from 0 to col-1:
    if board[row][i] == 1:
      return false
  for i,j from row-1, col-1 to 0, 0 by -1:
    if board[i][j] == 1:
      return false
  for i,j from row+1, col-1 to n-1, 0 by 1, -1:
    if board[i][j] == 1:
      return false
  return true

board = empty NxN chessboard
solveNQueens(board, 0, N)

Naive Algorithm
Generate all possible configurations of queens on board and print a configuration that satisfies the given constraints.

while there are untried configurations
{
   generate the next configuration
   if queens don't attack in this configuration then
   {
      print this configuration;
   }
}

Backtracking Algorithm Method 1:
The idea is to place queens one by one in different columns, starting from the leftmost column. When we place a queen in a column, we check for clashes with already placed queens. In the current column, if we find a row for which there is no clash, we mark this row and column as part of the solution. If we do not find such a row due to clashes, then we backtrack and return false.

Method 1:
1) Start in the leftmost column
2) If all queens are placed
    return true
3) Try all rows in the current column. 
   Do following for every tried row.
    a) If the queen can be placed safely in this row 
       then mark this [row, column] as part of the 
       solution and recursively check if placing
       queen here leads to a solution.
    b) If placing the queen in [row, column] leads to
       a solution then return true.
    c) If placing queen doesn't lead to a solution then
       unmark this [row, column] (Backtrack) and go to 
       step (a) to try other rows.
4) If all rows have been tried and nothing worked,
   return false to trigger backtracking.

Implementation of Backtracking solution by method 1:

C++

/* C++ program to solve N Queen Problem using
   backtracking */
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define N 4
using namespace std;
 
/* A utility function to print solution */
void printSolution(int board[N][N])
{
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
           if(board[i][j])
            cout << "Q ";
           else cout<<". ";
        printf("\n");
    }
}
 
/* A utility function to check if a queen can
   be placed on board[row][col]. Note that this
   function is called when "col" queens are
   already placed in columns from 0 to col -1.
   So we need to check only left side for
   attacking queens */
bool isSafe(int board[N][N], int row, int col)
{
    int i, j;
 
    /* Check this row on left side */
    for (i = 0; i < col; i++)
        if (board[row][i])
            return false;
 
    /* Check upper diagonal on left side */
    for (i = row, j = col; i >= 0 && j >= 0; i--, j--)
        if (board[i][j])
            return false;
 
    /* Check lower diagonal on left side */
    for (i = row, j = col; j >= 0 && i < N; i++, j--)
        if (board[i][j])
            return false;
 
    return true;
}
 
/* A recursive utility function to solve N
   Queen problem */
bool solveNQUtil(int board[N][N], int col)
{
    /* base case: If all queens are placed
      then return true */
    if (col >= N)
        return true;
 
    /* Consider this column and try placing
       this queen in all rows one by one */
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        /* Check if the queen can be placed on
          board[i][col] */
        if (isSafe(board, i, col)) {
            /* Place this queen in board[i][col] */
            board[i][col] = 1;
 
            /* recur to place rest of the queens */
            if (solveNQUtil(board, col + 1))
                return true;
 
            /* If placing queen in board[i][col]
               doesn't lead to a solution, then
               remove queen from board[i][col] */
            board[i][col] = 0; // BACKTRACK
        }
    }
 
    /* If the queen cannot be placed in any row in
        this column col  then return false */
    return false;
}
 
/* This function solves the N Queen problem using
   Backtracking. It mainly uses solveNQUtil() to
   solve the problem. It returns false if queens
   cannot be placed, otherwise, return true and
   prints placement of queens in the form of 1s.
   Please note that there may be more than one
   solutions, this function prints one  of the
   feasible solutions.*/
bool solveNQ()
{
    int board[N][N] = { { 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                        { 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                        { 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                        { 0, 0, 0, 0 } };
 
    if (solveNQUtil(board, 0) == false) {
        cout << "Solution does not exist";
        return false;
    }
 
    printSolution(board);
    return true;
}
 
// driver program to test above function
int main()
{
    solveNQ();
    return 0;
}
 
// This code is contributed by Aditya Kumar (adityakumar129)

C

/* C program to solve N Queen Problem using
   backtracking */
#define N 4
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
 
/* A utility function to print solution */
void printSolution(int board[N][N])
{
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
            printf(" %d ", board[i][j]);
        printf("\n");
    }
}
 
/* A utility function to check if a queen can
   be placed on board[row][col]. Note that this
   function is called when "col" queens are
   already placed in columns from 0 to col -1.
   So we need to check only left side for
   attacking queens */
bool isSafe(int board[N][N], int row, int col)
{
    int i, j;
 
    /* Check this row on left side */
    for (i = 0; i < col; i++)
        if (board[row][i])
            return false;
 
    /* Check upper diagonal on left side */
    for (i = row, j = col; i >= 0 && j >= 0; i--, j--)
        if (board[i][j])
            return false;
 
    /* Check lower diagonal on left side */
    for (i = row, j = col; j >= 0 && i < N; i++, j--)
        if (board[i][j])
            return false;
 
    return true;
}
 
/* A recursive utility function to solve N
   Queen problem */
bool solveNQUtil(int board[N][N], int col)
{
    /* base case: If all queens are placed
      then return true */
    if (col >= N)
        return true;
 
    /* Consider this column and try placing
       this queen in all rows one by one */
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        /* Check if the queen can be placed on
          board[i][col] */
        if (isSafe(board, i, col)) {
            /* Place this queen in board[i][col] */
            board[i][col] = 1;
 
            /* recur to place rest of the queens */
            if (solveNQUtil(board, col + 1))
                return true;
 
            /* If placing queen in board[i][col]
               doesn't lead to a solution, then
               remove queen from board[i][col] */
            board[i][col] = 0; // BACKTRACK
        }
    }
 
    /* If the queen cannot be placed in any row in
        this column col  then return false */
    return false;
}
 
/* This function solves the N Queen problem using
   Backtracking. It mainly uses solveNQUtil() to
   solve the problem. It returns false if queens
   cannot be placed, otherwise, return true and
   prints placement of queens in the form of 1s.
   Please note that there may be more than one
   solutions, this function prints one  of the
   feasible solutions.*/
bool solveNQ()
{
    int board[N][N] = { { 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                        { 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                        { 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                        { 0, 0, 0, 0 } };
 
    if (solveNQUtil(board, 0) == false) {
        printf("Solution does not exist");
        return false;
    }
 
    printSolution(board);
    return true;
}
 
// driver program to test above function
int main()
{
    solveNQ();
    return 0;
}
 
// This code is contributed by Aditya Kumar (adityakumar129)

Java

/* Java program to solve N Queen Problem using
   backtracking */
public class NQueenProblem {
    final int N = 4;
 
    /* A utility function to print solution */
    void printSolution(int board[][])
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
                System.out.print(" " + board[i][j]
                                 + " ");
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
 
    /* A utility function to check if a queen can
       be placed on board[row][col]. Note that this
       function is called when "col" queens are already
       placeed in columns from 0 to col -1. So we need
       to check only left side for attacking queens */
    boolean isSafe(int board[][], int row, int col)
    {
        int i, j;
 
        /* Check this row on left side */
        for (i = 0; i < col; i++)
            if (board[row][i] == 1)
                return false;
 
        /* Check upper diagonal on left side */
        for (i = row, j = col; i >= 0 && j >= 0; i--, j--)
            if (board[i][j] == 1)
                return false;
 
        /* Check lower diagonal on left side */
        for (i = row, j = col; j >= 0 && i < N; i++, j--)
            if (board[i][j] == 1)
                return false;
 
        return true;
    }
 
    /* A recursive utility function to solve N
       Queen problem */
    boolean solveNQUtil(int board[][], int col)
    {
        /* base case: If all queens are placed
           then return true */
        if (col >= N)
            return true;
 
        /* Consider this column and try placing
           this queen in all rows one by one */
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
            /* Check if the queen can be placed on
               board[i][col] */
            if (isSafe(board, i, col)) {
                /* Place this queen in board[i][col] */
                board[i][col] = 1;
 
                /* recur to place rest of the queens */
                if (solveNQUtil(board, col + 1) == true)
                    return true;
 
                /* If placing queen in board[i][col]
                   doesn't lead to a solution then
                   remove queen from board[i][col] */
                board[i][col] = 0; // BACKTRACK
            }
        }
 
        /* If the queen can not be placed in any row in
           this column col, then return false */
        return false;
    }
 
    /* This function solves the N Queen problem using
       Backtracking.  It mainly uses solveNQUtil () to
       solve the problem. It returns false if queens
       cannot be placed, otherwise, return true and
       prints placement of queens in the form of 1s.
       Please note that there may be more than one
       solutions, this function prints one of the
       feasible solutions.*/
    boolean solveNQ()
    {
        int board[][] = { { 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                          { 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                          { 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                          { 0, 0, 0, 0 } };
 
        if (solveNQUtil(board, 0) == false) {
            System.out.print("Solution does not exist");
            return false;
        }
 
        printSolution(board);
        return true;
    }
 
    // driver program to test above function
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        NQueenProblem Queen = new NQueenProblem();
        Queen.solveNQ();
    }
}
// This code is contributed by Abhishek Shankhadhar

Python3

# Python3 program to solve N Queen
# Problem using backtracking
global N
N = 4
 
def printSolution(board):
    for i in range(N):
        for j in range(N):
            print(board[i][j], end = " ")
        print()
 
# A utility function to check if a queen can
# be placed on board[row][col]. Note that this
# function is called when "col" queens are
# already placed in columns from 0 to col -1.
# So we need to check only left side for
# attacking queens
def isSafe(board, row, col):
 
    # Check this row on left side
    for i in range(col):
        if board[row][i] == 1:
            return False
 
    # Check upper diagonal on left side
    for i, j in zip(range(row, -1, -1),
                    range(col, -1, -1)):
        if board[i][j] == 1:
            return False
 
    # Check lower diagonal on left side
    for i, j in zip(range(row, N, 1),
                    range(col, -1, -1)):
        if board[i][j] == 1:
            return False
 
    return True
 
def solveNQUtil(board, col):
     
    # base case: If all queens are placed
    # then return true
    if col >= N:
        return True
 
    # Consider this column and try placing
    # this queen in all rows one by one
    for i in range(N):
 
        if isSafe(board, i, col):
             
            # Place this queen in board[i][col]
            board[i][col] = 1
 
            # recur to place rest of the queens
            if solveNQUtil(board, col + 1) == True:
                return True
 
            # If placing queen in board[i][col
            # doesn't lead to a solution, then
            # queen from board[i][col]
            board[i][col] = 0
 
    # if the queen can not be placed in any row in
    # this column col then return false
    return False
 
# This function solves the N Queen problem using
# Backtracking. It mainly uses solveNQUtil() to
# solve the problem. It returns false if queens
# cannot be placed, otherwise return true and
# placement of queens in the form of 1s.
# note that there may be more than one
# solutions, this function prints one of the
# feasible solutions.
def solveNQ():
    board = [ [0, 0, 0, 0],
              [0, 0, 0, 0],
              [0, 0, 0, 0],
              [0, 0, 0, 0] ]
 
    if solveNQUtil(board, 0) == False:
        print ("Solution does not exist")
        return False
 
    printSolution(board)
    return True
 
# Driver Code
solveNQ()
 
# This code is contributed by Divyanshu Mehta

C#

// C# program to solve N Queen Problem
// using backtracking
using System;
     
class GFG
{
    readonly int N = 4;
 
    /* A utility function to print solution */
    void printSolution(int [,]board)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        {
            for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
                Console.Write(" " + board[i, j]
                                  + " ");
            Console.WriteLine();
        }
    }
 
    /* A utility function to check if a queen can
    be placed on board[row,col]. Note that this
    function is called when "col" queens are already
    placeed in columns from 0 to col -1. So we need
    to check only left side for attacking queens */
    bool isSafe(int [,]board, int row, int col)
    {
        int i, j;
 
        /* Check this row on left side */
        for (i = 0; i < col; i++)
            if (board[row,i] == 1)
                return false;
 
        /* Check upper diagonal on left side */
        for (i = row, j = col; i >= 0 &&
             j >= 0; i--, j--)
            if (board[i,j] == 1)
                return false;
 
        /* Check lower diagonal on left side */
        for (i = row, j = col; j >= 0 &&
                      i < N; i++, j--)
            if (board[i, j] == 1)
                return false;
 
        return true;
    }
 
    /* A recursive utility function to solve N
    Queen problem */
    bool solveNQUtil(int [,]board, int col)
    {
        /* base case: If all queens are placed
        then return true */
        if (col >= N)
            return true;
 
        /* Consider this column and try placing
        this queen in all rows one by one */
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        {
            /* Check if the queen can be placed on
            board[i,col] */
            if (isSafe(board, i, col))
            {
                /* Place this queen in board[i,col] */
                board[i, col] = 1;
 
                /* recur to place rest of the queens */
                if (solveNQUtil(board, col + 1) == true)
                    return true;
 
                /* If placing queen in board[i,col]
                doesn't lead to a solution then
                remove queen from board[i,col] */
                board[i, col] = 0; // BACKTRACK
            }
        }
 
        /* If the queen can not be placed in any row in
        this column col, then return false */
        return false;
    }
 
    /* This function solves the N Queen problem using
    Backtracking. It mainly uses solveNQUtil () to
    solve the problem. It returns false if queens
    cannot be placed, otherwise, return true and
    prints placement of queens in the form of 1s.
    Please note that there may be more than one
    solutions, this function prints one of the
    feasible solutions.*/
    bool solveNQ()
    {
        int [,]board = {{ 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                        { 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                        { 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                        { 0, 0, 0, 0 }};
 
        if (solveNQUtil(board, 0) == false)
        {
            Console.Write("Solution does not exist");
            return false;
        }
 
        printSolution(board);
        return true;
    }
 
    // Driver Code
    public static void Main(String []args)
    {
        GFG Queen = new GFG();
        Queen.solveNQ();
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Princi Singh

Javascript

<script>
// JavaScript program to solve N Queen
// Problem using backtracking
const N = 4
 
function printSolution(board)
{
    for(let i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        for(let j = 0; j < N; j++)
        {
            document.write(board[i][j], " ")
        }
        document.write("</br>")
    }
}
 
// A utility function to check if a queen can
// be placed on board[row][col]. Note that this
// function is called when "col" queens are
// already placed in columns from 0 to col -1.
// So we need to check only left side for
// attacking queens
function isSafe(board, row, col)
{
 
    // Check this row on left side
    for(let i = 0; i < col; i++){
        if(board[row][i] == 1)
            return false 
    }
 
    // Check upper diagonal on left side
    for (i = row, j = col; i >= 0 && j >= 0; i--, j--)
        if (board[i][j])
            return false
 
    // Check lower diagonal on left side
    for (i = row, j = col; j >= 0 && i < N; i++, j--)
        if (board[i][j])
            return false
 
    return true
}
 
function solveNQUtil(board, col){
     
    // base case: If all queens are placed
    // then return true
    if(col >= N)
        return true
 
    // Consider this column and try placing
    // this queen in all rows one by one
    for(let i=0;i<N;i++){
 
        if(isSafe(board, i, col)==true){
             
            // Place this queen in board[i][col]
            board[i][col] = 1
 
            // recur to place rest of the queens
            if(solveNQUtil(board, col + 1) == true)
                return true
 
            // If placing queen in board[i][col
            // doesn't lead to a solution, then
            // queen from board[i][col]
            board[i][col] = 0
        }
    }
    // if the queen can not be placed in any row in
    // this column col then return false
    return false
}
 
// This function solves the N Queen problem using
// Backtracking. It mainly uses solveNQUtil() to
// solve the problem. It returns false if queens
// cannot be placed, otherwise return true and
// placement of queens in the form of 1s.
// note that there may be more than one
// solutions, this function prints one of the
// feasible solutions.
function solveNQ(){
    let board = [ [0, 0, 0, 0],
              [0, 0, 0, 0],
              [0, 0, 0, 0],
              [0, 0, 0, 0] ]
 
    if(solveNQUtil(board, 0) == false){
        document.write("Solution does not exist")
        return false
    }
 
    printSolution(board)
    return true
}
 
// Driver Code
solveNQ()
 
// This code is contributed by shinjanpatra
 
</script>

Output

. . Q . 
Q . . . 
. . . Q 
. Q . .

Time Complexity: O(N!)
Auxiliary Space: O(N2)

Backtracking Algorithm Method 2:
The idea is to place queens one by one in different rows, starting from the topmost row. When we place a queen in a row, we check for clashes with already placed queens. In the current column, if we find a row for which there is no clash, we mark this row and column as part of the solution. If we do not find such a row due to clashes, then we backtrack and return false.

Method 2:
0) Make a board, make a space to collect all solution states.
1) Start in the topmost row.
2) Make a recursive function which takes state of board and the current row number
as its parameter.
3) Fill a queen in a safe place and use this state of board to advance to next recursive
call, add 1 to the current row. Revert the state of board after making the call.
a) Safe function checks the current column, left top diagonal and right top diagonal.
b) If no queen is present then fill else return false and stop exploring that state
and track back to the next possible solution state
4) Keep calling the function till the current row is out of bound.
5) If current row reaches the number of rows in the board then the board is filled.
6) Store the state and return.

Implementation of Backtracking solution by Method 2:

C++

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
// store all the possible answers
vector<vector<string> > answer;
// print the board
void print_board()
{
    for (auto& str : answer[1]) {
        for (auto& letter : str)
            cout << letter << " ";
        cout << endl;
    }
    return;
}
// we need to check in three directions
// 1. in the same column above the current position
// 2. in the left top diagonal from the given cell
// 3. in the right top diagonal from the given cell
int safe(int row, int col, vector<string>& board)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < board.size(); i++) {
        if (board[i][col] == 'Q')
            return false;
    }
    int i = row, j = col;
    while (i >= 0 && j >= 0)
        if (board[i--][j--] == 'Q')
            return false;
    i = row, j = col;
    while (i >= 0 && j < board.size())
        if (board[i--][j++] == 'Q')
            return false;
    return true;
}
// rec function here will fill the queens
// 1. there can be only one queen in one row
// 2. if we filled the final row in the board then row will
// be equal to total number of rows in board
// 3. push that board configuration in answer set because
// there will be more than one answers for filling the board
// with n-queens
void rec(vector<string> board, int row)
{
    if (row == board.size()) {
        answer.push_back(board);
        return;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < board.size(); i++) {
        // for each position check if it is safe and if it
        // safe make a recursive call with
        // row+1,board[i][j]='Q' and then revert the change
        // in board that is make the board[i][j]='.' again to
        // generate more solutions
        if (safe(row, i, board)) {
            board[row][i] = 'Q';
            rec(board, row + 1);
            board[row][i] = '.';
        }
    }
    return;
}
// function to solve n queens
vector<vector<string> > solveNQueens(int n)
{
    string s;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        s += '.';
    // vector of string will make our board which is
    // initially all empty
    vector<string> board(n, s);
    rec(board, 0);
    return answer;
}
int main()
{
    clock_t start, end; // this is to calculate the
                        // execution time for n-queens
    start = clock();
    // size 4x4 is taken and we can pass some other
    // dimension for chess board as well
    cout << solveNQueens(4).size() << endl;
    end = clock();
    double time_taken
        = double(end - start) / double(CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
    cout << time_taken << " time was taken(in miliseconds)"
         << endl;
    cout << "Out of " << answer.size()
         << " solutions one is following" << endl;
    print_board();
}

Java

import java.util.*;
 
public class NQueens
{
   
    // store all the possible answers
    static List<List<String>> answer = new ArrayList<>();
 
    // print the board
    static void print_board() {
        for (String str : answer.get(1)) {
            for (Character letter : str.toCharArray())
                System.out.print(letter + " ");
            System.out.println();
        }
        return;
    }
 
    // we need to check in three directions
    // 1. in the same column above the current position
    // 2. in the left top diagonal from the given cell
    // 3. in the right top diagonal from the given cell
    static boolean safe(int row, int col, List<String> board) {
        for (int i = 0; i < board.size(); i++) {
            if (board.get(i).charAt(col) == 'Q')
                return false;
        }
        int i = row, j = col;
        while (i >= 0 && j >= 0)
            if (board.get(i--).charAt(j--) == 'Q')
                return false;
        i = row;
        j = col;
        while (i >= 0 && j < board.size())
            if (board.get(i--).charAt(j++) == 'Q')
                return false;
        return true;
    }
 
    // rec function here will fill the queens
    // 1. there can be only one queen in one row
    // 2. if we filled the final row in the board then row will
    // be equal to total number of rows in board
    // 3. push that board configuration in answer set because
    // there will be more than one answers for filling the board
    // with n-queens
    static void rec(List<String> board, int row) {
        if (row == board.size()) {
            answer.add(board);
            return;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < board.size(); i++)
        {
           
            // for each position check if it is safe and if it
            // safe make a recursive call with
            // row+1,board[i][j]='Q' and then revert the change
            // in board that is make the board[i][j]='.' again to
            // generate more solutions
            if (safe(row, i, board)) {
                List<String> temp = new ArrayList<>(board);
                temp.set(row, temp.get(row).substring(0, i) + "Q" + temp.get(row).substring(i + 1));
                rec(temp, row + 1);
            }
        }
        return;
    }
 
    // function to solve n queens
    static List<List<String>> solveNQueens(int n)
    {
        String s = new String(new char[n]).replace("\0", ".");
       
        // vector of string will make our board which is
        // initially all empty
        List<String> board = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            board.add(s);
        rec(board, 0);
        return answer;
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        long start, end;
       
      // this is to calculate the
        // execution time for n-queens
        start = System.currentTimeMillis();
       
        // size 4x4 is taken and we can pass some other
        // dimension for chess board as well
        System.out.println(solveNQueens(4).size());
        end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        double time_taken = (end - start);
        System.out.println(time_taken + " time was taken(in miliseconds)");
        System.out.println("Out of " + answer.size() + " solutions one is following");
        print_board();
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by surajrasr7277

Python3

import time
 
# print the board
def print_board(board, n):
    for i in range(n):
        for j in range(n):
            print(board[i][j], end = " ")
        print()
 
# joining '.' and 'Q'
# making combined 2D Array
#For output in desired format
def add_sol(board, ans, n):
    temp = []
    for i in range(n):
        string = ""
        for j in range(n):
            string += board[i][j]
        temp.append(string)
    ans.append(temp)
     
     
# we need to check in three directions
# 1. in the same column above the current position
# 2. in the left top diagonal from the given cell
# 3. in the right top diagonal from the given cell
def  is_safe(row, col, board, n):
    x = row
    y = col
    #check for same upper col
    while(x>=0):
        if board[x][y] == "Q":
            return False
        else:
            x -= 1
             
    #Check for Upper Right Diagonal
    x = row
    y = col
    while(y<n and x>=0):
        if board[x][y] == "Q":
            return False
        else:
            y += 1
            x -= 1
             
    #check for Upper Left diagonal
    x = row
    y = col
    while(y>=0 and x>=0):
        if board[x][y] == "Q":
            return False
        else:
            x -= 1
            y -= 1
    return True   
 
 
# function to solve n queens
# solveNQueens function here will fill the queens
# 1. there can be only one queen in one row
# 2. if we filled the final row in the board then row will
# be equal to total number of rows in board
# 3. push that board configuration in answer set because
# there will be more than one answers for filling the board
# with n-queens
def solveNQueens(row, ans, board, n):
    #base Case
    #Queen is depicted by "Q"
    # adding solution to final answer array
    if row == n:
        add_sol(board, ans, n)
        return
     
    #solve 1 case and rest recursion will follow
    for col in range(n):
        # for each position check if it is safe and if it
        # is safe make a recursive call with
        # row+1, board[i][j]='Q' and then revert the change
        # in board that is make the board[i][j]='.' again to
        # generate more solutions
        if is_safe(row, col, board, n):
            # if placing Queen is safe
            board[row][col] = "Q"
            solveNQueens(row+1, ans, board, n)
            # Backtrack
            board[row][col] = "."
             
 
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == "__main__":
    # size 4x4 is taken and we can pass some other
    # dimension for chess board as well
    n = 4
     
    # 2D array of string will make our board
    #  which is initially all empty
    board = [["." for i in range(n)] for j in range(n)]
    # store all the possible answers
    ans = []
    start = time.time()
     
    solveNQueens(0, ans, board, n)
    end = time.time()
    time_taken = end - start
     
    if ans == []:
        print("Solution does not exist")
    else:
        print(len(ans))
        print(f"{time_taken:.06f} time was taken(in miliseconds)")
        print(f"Out Of {len(ans)} solutions one is following")
        print_board(ans[0], n)
         
    # This code is contributed by Priyank Namdeo
        

C#

// C# program implementation of above approach
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
namespace NQueensProblem
{
    class Program
    {
        // store all the possible answers
        static List<List<string>> answer = new List<List<string>>();
 
        // print the board
        static void PrintBoard()
        {
            foreach (var str in answer[1])
            {
                foreach (var letter in str)
                    Console.Write(letter + " ");
                Console.WriteLine();
            }
        }
   // we need to check in three directions
   // 1. in the same column above the current position
   // 2. in the left top diagonal from the given cell
  // 3. in the right top diagonal from the given cell
        static bool Safe(int row, int col, List<string> board)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < board.Count; i++)
            {
                if (board[i][col] == 'Q')
                    return false;
            }
            int x = row, y = col;
            while (x >= 0 && y >= 0)
                if (board[x--][y--] == 'Q')
                    return false;
            x = row; y = col;
            while (x >= 0 && y < board.Count)
                if (board[x--][y++] == 'Q')
                    return false;
            return true;
        }
 
        // rec function here will fill the queens
        // 1. there can be only one queen in one row
        // 2. if we filled the final row in the board then row will
        // be equal to total number of rows in board
        // 3. push that board configuration in answer set because
        // there will be more than one answers for filling the board
        // with n-queens
        static void Rec(List<string> board, int row)
        {
            if (row == board.Count)
            {
                answer.Add(new List<string>(board));
                return;
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < board.Count; i++)
            {
        // for each position check if it is safe and if it
        // safe make a recursive call with
        // row+1,board[i][j]='Q' and then revert the change
        // in board that is make the board[i][j]='.' again to
        // generate more solutions
                if (Safe(row, i, board))
                {
                    char[] rowArr = board[row].ToCharArray();
                    rowArr[i] = 'Q';
                    board[row] = new string(rowArr);
                    Rec(board, row + 1);
                    rowArr[i] = '.';
                    board[row] = new string(rowArr);
                }
            }
        }
 
        // function to solve n queens
        static List<List<string>> SolveNQueens(int n)
        {
            string s = "";
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
                s += '.';
            // list of string will make our board which is
            // initially all empty
            List<string> board = new List<string>();
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
                board.Add(s);
            Rec(board, 0);
            return answer;
        }
 
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var watch = System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.StartNew();
            // size 4x4 is taken and we can pass some other
            // dimension for chess board as well
            Console.WriteLine(SolveNQueens(4).Count);
            watch.Stop();
            double timeTaken = watch.ElapsedMilliseconds;
            Console.WriteLine(timeTaken + " time was taken(in milliseconds)");
            Console.WriteLine("Out of " + answer.Count + " solutions one is following");
            PrintBoard();
        }
    }
}

Javascript

// store all the possible answers
let answer = [];
 
// print the board
function print_board() {
  for (let str of answer[1]) {
    for (let letter of str) console.log(letter + ' ');
    console.log('\n');
  }
}
 
// we need to check in three directions
// 1. in the same column above the current position
// 2. in the left top diagonal from the given cell
// 3. in the right top diagonal from the given cell
function safe(row, col, board) {
  for (let i = 0; i < board.length; i++) {
    if (board[i][col] == 'Q') return false;
  }
  let i = row,
    j = col;
  while (i >= 0 && j >= 0) if (board[i--][j--] == 'Q') return false;
  i = row;
  j = col;
  while (i >= 0 && j < board.length) if (board[i--][j++] == 'Q') return false;
  return true;
}
 
// rec function here will fill the queens
// 1. there can be only one queen in one row
// 2. if we filled the final row in the board then row will
// be equal to total number of rows in board
// 3. push that board configuration in answer set because
// there will be more than one answers for filling the board
// with n-queens
function rec(board, row) {
  if (row == board.length) {
    answer.push([...board]);
    return;
  }
  for (let i = 0; i < board.length; i++) {
    // for each position check if it is safe and if it
    // safe make a recursive call with
    // row+1,board[i][j]='Q' and then revert the change
    // in board that is make the board[i][j]='.' again to
    // generate more solutions
    if (safe(row, i, board)) {
      board[row] = board[row].substring(0, i) + 'Q' + board[row].substring(i + 1);
      rec(board, row + 1);
      board[row] = board[row].substring(0, i) + '.' + board[row].substring(i + 1);
    }
  }
}
 
// function to solve n queens
function solveNQueens(n) {
  let board = new Array(n).fill(new Array(n).fill('.').join(''));
  rec(board, 0);
  return answer;
}
 
let start, end;
start = new Date().getTime();
 
// size 4x4 is taken and we can pass some other
// dimension for chess board as well
console.log(solveNQueens(4).length);
 
end = new Date().getTime();
let time_taken = end - start;
console.log(`${time_taken}ms time was taken`);
console.log(`Out of ${answer.length} solutions, one is following:`);
print_board();
// This code is contributed by Prajwal Kandekar

Output

2
9.7e-05 time was taken(in miliseconds)
Out of 2 solutions one is following
. . Q . 
Q . . . 
. . . Q 
. Q . .

Time Complexity: O(N!)
Auxiliary Space: O(N²)

Optimization in is_safe() function
The idea is not to check every element in right and left diagonal, instead use the property of diagonals:
1. The sum of i and j is constant and unique for each right diagonal, where i is the row of elements and j is the
column of elements.
2. The difference between i and j is constant and unique for each left diagonal, where i and j are row and column of element respectively.
Implementation of Backtracking solution(with optimization)

C++

/* C++ program to solve N Queen Problem using
   backtracking */
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define N 4
/* ld is an array where its indices indicate row-col+N-1
 (N-1) is for shifting the difference to store negative
 indices */
int ld[30] = { 0 };
/* rd is an array where its indices indicate row+col
   and used to check whether a queen can be placed on
   right diagonal or not*/
int rd[30] = { 0 };
/*column array where its indices indicates column and
  used to check whether a queen can be placed in that
    row or not*/
int cl[30] = { 0 };
/* A utility function to print solution */
void printSolution(int board[N][N])
{
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
            cout<<" "<< board[i][j]<<" ";
        cout<<endl;
    }
}
 
/* A recursive utility function to solve N
   Queen problem */
bool solveNQUtil(int board[N][N], int col)
{
    /* base case: If all queens are placed
      then return true */
    if (col >= N)
        return true;
 
    /* Consider this column and try placing
       this queen in all rows one by one */
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        /* Check if the queen can be placed on
          board[i][col] */
        /* A check if a queen can be placed on
           board[row][col].We just need to check
           ld[row-col+n-1] and rd[row+coln] where
           ld and rd are for left and right
           diagonal respectively*/
        if ((ld[i - col + N - 1] != 1 && rd[i + col] != 1) && cl[i] != 1) {
            /* Place this queen in board[i][col] */
            board[i][col] = 1;
            ld[i - col + N - 1] = rd[i + col] = cl[i] = 1;
 
            /* recur to place rest of the queens */
            if (solveNQUtil(board, col + 1))
                return true;
 
            /* If placing queen in board[i][col]
               doesn't lead to a solution, then
               remove queen from board[i][col] */
            board[i][col] = 0; // BACKTRACK
            ld[i - col + N - 1] = rd[i + col] = cl[i] = 0;
        }
    }
 
    /* If the queen cannot be placed in any row in
        this column col  then return false */
    return false;
}
/* This function solves the N Queen problem using
   Backtracking. It mainly uses solveNQUtil() to
   solve the problem. It returns false if queens
   cannot be placed, otherwise, return true and
   prints placement of queens in the form of 1s.
   Please note that there may be more than one
   solutions, this function prints one  of the
   feasible solutions.*/
bool solveNQ()
{
    int board[N][N] = { { 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                        { 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                        { 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                        { 0, 0, 0, 0 } };
 
    if (solveNQUtil(board, 0) == false) {
        cout<<"Solution does not exist";
        return false;
    }
 
    printSolution(board);
    return true;
}
 
// driver program to test above function
int main()
{
    solveNQ();
    return 0;
}
 
// This code is contributed by Aditya Kumar (adityakumar129)

C

/* C program to solve N Queen Problem using
backtracking */
#define N 4
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
 
/* A utility function to print solution */
void printSolution(int board[N][N])
{
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
            printf(" %d ", board[i][j]);
        printf("\n");
    }
}
 
/* A utility function to check if a queen can
be placed on board[row][col]. Note that this
function is called when "col" queens are
already placed in columns from 0 to col -1.
So we need to check only left side for
attacking queens */
bool isSafe(int board[N][N], int row, int col)
{
    int i, j;
 
    /* Check this row on left side */
    for (i = 0; i < col; i++)
        if (board[row][i])
            return false;
 
    /* Check upper diagonal on left side */
    for (i = row, j = col; i >= 0 && j >= 0; i--, j--)
        if (board[i][j])
            return false;
 
    /* Check lower diagonal on left side */
    for (i = row, j = col; j >= 0 && i < N; i++, j--)
        if (board[i][j])
            return false;
 
    return true;
}
 
/* A recursive utility function to solve N
Queen problem */
bool solveNQUtil(int board[N][N], int col)
{
    /* base case: If all queens are placed
    then return true */
    if (col >= N)
        return true;
 
    /* Consider this column and try placing
    this queen in all rows one by one */
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        /* Check if the queen can be placed on
        board[i][col] */
        if (isSafe(board, i, col)) {
            /* Place this queen in board[i][col] */
            board[i][col] = 1;
 
            /* recur to place rest of the queens */
            if (solveNQUtil(board, col + 1))
                return true;
 
            /* If placing queen in board[i][col]
            doesn't lead to a solution, then
            remove queen from board[i][col] */
            board[i][col] = 0; // BACKTRACK
        }
    }
 
    /* If the queen cannot be placed in any row in
        this column col then return false */
    return false;
}
 
/* This function solves the N Queen problem using
Backtracking. It mainly uses solveNQUtil() to
solve the problem. It returns false if queens
cannot be placed, otherwise, return true and
prints placement of queens in the form of 1s.
Please note that there may be more than one
solutions, this function prints one of the
feasible solutions.*/
bool solveNQ()
{
    int board[N][N] = { { 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                        { 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                        { 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                        { 0, 0, 0, 0 } };
 
    if (solveNQUtil(board, 0) == false) {
        printf("Solution does not exist");
        return false;
    }
 
    printSolution(board);
    return true;
}
 
// driver program to test above function
int main()
{
    solveNQ();
    return 0;
}
 
// This code is contributed by Aditya Kumar (adityakumar129)

Java

/* Java program to solve N Queen Problem
using backtracking */
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG
{
static int N = 4;
 
/* ld is an array where its indices indicate row-col+N-1
(N-1) is for shifting the difference to store negative
indices */
static int []ld = new int[30];
 
/* rd is an array where its indices indicate row+col
and used to check whether a queen can be placed on
right diagonal or not*/
static int []rd = new int[30];
 
/*column array where its indices indicates column and
used to check whether a queen can be placed in that
    row or not*/
static int []cl = new int[30];
 
/* A utility function to print solution */
static void printSolution(int board[][])
{
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
            System.out.printf(" %d ", board[i][j]);
        System.out.printf("\n");
    }
}
 
/* A recursive utility function to solve N
Queen problem */
static boolean solveNQUtil(int board[][], int col)
{
    /* base case: If all queens are placed
    then return true */
    if (col >= N)
        return true;
 
    /* Consider this column and try placing
    this queen in all rows one by one */
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
         
        /* Check if the queen can be placed on
        board[i][col] */
        /* A check if a queen can be placed on
        board[row][col].We just need to check
        ld[row-col+n-1] and rd[row+coln] where
        ld and rd are for left and right
        diagonal respectively*/
        if ((ld[i - col + N - 1] != 1 &&
             rd[i + col] != 1) && cl[i] != 1)
        {
            /* Place this queen in board[i][col] */
            board[i][col] = 1;
            ld[i - col + N - 1] =
            rd[i + col] = cl[i] = 1;
 
            /* recur to place rest of the queens */
            if (solveNQUtil(board, col + 1))
                return true;
 
            /* If placing queen in board[i][col]
            doesn't lead to a solution, then
            remove queen from board[i][col] */
            board[i][col] = 0; // BACKTRACK
            ld[i - col + N - 1] =
            rd[i + col] = cl[i] = 0;
        }
    }
 
    /* If the queen cannot be placed in any row in
        this column col then return false */
    return false;
}
/* This function solves the N Queen problem using
Backtracking. It mainly uses solveNQUtil() to
solve the problem. It returns false if queens
cannot be placed, otherwise, return true and
prints placement of queens in the form of 1s.
Please note that there may be more than one
solutions, this function prints one of the
feasible solutions.*/
static boolean solveNQ()
{
    int board[][] = {{ 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                     { 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                     { 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                     { 0, 0, 0, 0 }};
 
    if (solveNQUtil(board, 0) == false)
    {
        System.out.printf("Solution does not exist");
        return false;
    }
 
    printSolution(board);
    return true;
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    solveNQ();
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Princi Singh

Python3

""" Python3 program to solve N Queen Problem using
backtracking """
N = 4
 
""" ld is an array where its indices indicate row-col+N-1
(N-1) is for shifting the difference to store negative
indices """
ld = [0] * 30
 
""" rd is an array where its indices indicate row+col
and used to check whether a queen can be placed on
right diagonal or not"""
rd = [0] * 30
 
"""column array where its indices indicates column and
used to check whether a queen can be placed in that
    row or not"""
cl = [0] * 30
 
""" A utility function to print solution """
def printSolution(board):
    for i in range(N):
        for j in range(N):
            print(board[i][j], end = " ")
        print()
 
""" A recursive utility function to solve N
Queen problem """
def solveNQUtil(board, col):
     
    """ base case: If all queens are placed
        then return True """
    if (col >= N):
        return True
         
    """ Consider this column and try placing
        this queen in all rows one by one """
    for i in range(N):
         
        """ Check if the queen can be placed on board[i][col] """
        """ A check if a queen can be placed on board[row][col].
        We just need to check ld[row-col+n-1] and rd[row+coln]
        where ld and rd are for left and right diagonal respectively"""
        if ((ld[i - col + N - 1] != 1 and
             rd[i + col] != 1) and cl[i] != 1):
                  
            """ Place this queen in board[i][col] """
            board[i][col] = 1
            ld[i - col + N - 1] = rd[i + col] = cl[i] = 1
             
            """ recur to place rest of the queens """
            if (solveNQUtil(board, col + 1)):
                return True
                 
            """ If placing queen in board[i][col]
            doesn't lead to a solution,
            then remove queen from board[i][col] """
            board[i][col] = 0 # BACKTRACK
            ld[i - col + N - 1] = rd[i + col] = cl[i] = 0
             
            """ If the queen cannot be placed in
            any row in this column col then return False """
    return False
     
""" This function solves the N Queen problem using
Backtracking. It mainly uses solveNQUtil() to
solve the problem. It returns False if queens
cannot be placed, otherwise, return True and
prints placement of queens in the form of 1s.
Please note that there may be more than one
solutions, this function prints one of the
feasible solutions."""
def solveNQ():
    board = [[0, 0, 0, 0],
             [0, 0, 0, 0],
             [0, 0, 0, 0],
             [0, 0, 0, 0]]
    if (solveNQUtil(board, 0) == False):
        printf("Solution does not exist")
        return False
    printSolution(board)
    return True
     
# Driver Code
solveNQ()
 
# This code is contributed by SHUBHAMSINGH10

C#

/* C# program to solve N Queen Problem
using backtracking */
using System;
     
class GFG
{
static int N = 4;
 
/* ld is an array where its indices indicate row-col+N-1
(N-1) is for shifting the difference to store negative
indices */
static int []ld = new int[30];
 
/* rd is an array where its indices indicate row+col
and used to check whether a queen can be placed on
right diagonal or not*/
static int []rd = new int[30];
 
/*column array where its indices indicates column and
used to check whether a queen can be placed in that
    row or not*/
static int []cl = new int[30];
 
/* A utility function to print solution */
static void printSolution(int [,]board)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
            Console.Write(" {0} ", board[i, j]);
        Console.Write("\n");
    }
}
 
/* A recursive utility function to solve N
Queen problem */
static bool solveNQUtil(int [,]board, int col)
{
    /* base case: If all queens are placed
    then return true */
    if (col >= N)
        return true;
 
    /* Consider this column and try placing
    this queen in all rows one by one */
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
         
        /* Check if the queen can be placed on
        board[i,col] */
        /* A check if a queen can be placed on
        board[row,col].We just need to check
        ld[row-col+n-1] and rd[row+coln] where
        ld and rd are for left and right
        diagonal respectively*/
        if ((ld[i - col + N - 1] != 1 &&
             rd[i + col] != 1) && cl[i] != 1)
        {
            /* Place this queen in board[i,col] */
            board[i, col] = 1;
            ld[i - col + N - 1] =
            rd[i + col] = cl[i] = 1;
 
            /* recur to place rest of the queens */
            if (solveNQUtil(board, col + 1))
                return true;
 
            /* If placing queen in board[i,col]
            doesn't lead to a solution, then
            remove queen from board[i,col] */
            board[i, col] = 0; // BACKTRACK
            ld[i - col + N - 1] =
            rd[i + col] = cl[i] = 0;
        }
    }
 
    /* If the queen cannot be placed in any row in
        this column col then return false */
    return false;
}
 
/* This function solves the N Queen problem using
Backtracking. It mainly uses solveNQUtil() to
solve the problem. It returns false if queens
cannot be placed, otherwise, return true and
prints placement of queens in the form of 1s.
Please note that there may be more than one
solutions, this function prints one of the
feasible solutions.*/
static bool solveNQ()
{
    int [,]board = {{ 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                    { 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                    { 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                    { 0, 0, 0, 0 }};
 
    if (solveNQUtil(board, 0) == false)
    {
        Console.Write("Solution does not exist");
        return false;
    }
 
    printSolution(board);
    return true;
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
    solveNQ();
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji

Javascript

<script>
    // JavaScript code to implement the approach
 
let N = 4;
  
/* ld is an array where its indices indicate row-col+N-1
(N-1) is for shifting the difference to store negative
indices */
let ld = new Array(30);
  
/* rd is an array where its indices indicate row+col
and used to check whether a queen can be placed on
right diagonal or not*/
let rd = new Array(30);
  
/*column array where its indices indicates column and
used to check whether a queen can be placed in that
    row or not*/
let cl = new Array(30);
  
/* A utility function to print solution */
function printSolution( board)
{
    for (let i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        for (let j = 0; j < N; j++)
            document.write(board[i][j] + " ");
        document.write("<br/>");
    }
}
  
/* A recursive utility function to solve N
Queen problem */
function solveNQUtil(board, col)
{
    /* base case: If all queens are placed
    then return true */
    if (col >= N)
        return true;
  
    /* Consider this column and try placing
    this queen in all rows one by one */
    for (let i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
          
        /* Check if the queen can be placed on
        board[i][col] */
        /* A check if a queen can be placed on
        board[row][col].We just need to check
        ld[row-col+n-1] and rd[row+coln] where
        ld and rd are for left and right
        diagonal respectively*/
        if ((ld[i - col + N - 1] != 1 &&
             rd[i + col] != 1) && cl[i] != 1)
        {
            /* Place this queen in board[i][col] */
            board[i][col] = 1;
            ld[i - col + N - 1] =
            rd[i + col] = cl[i] = 1;
  
            /* recur to place rest of the queens */
            if (solveNQUtil(board, col + 1))
                return true;
  
            /* If placing queen in board[i][col]
            doesn't lead to a solution, then
            remove queen from board[i][col] */
            board[i][col] = 0; // BACKTRACK
            ld[i - col + N - 1] =
            rd[i + col] = cl[i] = 0;
        }
    }
  
    /* If the queen cannot be placed in any row in
        this column col then return false */
    return false;
}
/* This function solves the N Queen problem using
Backtracking. It mainly uses solveNQUtil() to
solve the problem. It returns false if queens
cannot be placed, otherwise, return true and
prints placement of queens in the form of 1s.
Please note that there may be more than one
solutions, this function prints one of the
feasible solutions.*/
function solveNQ()
{
    let board = [[ 0, 0, 0, 0 ],
                     [ 0, 0, 0, 0 ],
                     [ 0, 0, 0, 0 ],
                     [ 0, 0, 0, 0 ]];
  
    if (solveNQUtil(board, 0) == false)
    {
        document.write("Solution does not exist");
        return false;
    }
  
    printSolution(board);
    return true;
}
 
// Driver code
 
    solveNQ();
 
// This code is contributed by sanjoy_62.
</script>

Output

Time Complexity: O(N!)
Auxiliary Space: O(N)

Printing all solutions in N-Queen Problem
Sources:
http://see.stanford.edu/materials/icspacs106b/H19-RecBacktrackExamples.pdf
http://en.literateprograms.org/Eight_queens_puzzle_%28C%29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_queens_puzzle
Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above.

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Data Structures & Algorithms in Python - Self Paced

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Master C++ Programming - Complete Beginner to Advanced

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DSA Live for Working Professionals - Live

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Master Java Programming - Complete Beginner to Advanced

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Mastering Data Analytics

Master C Programming with Data Structures

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JAVA Backend Development - Live

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Start Your Coding Journey Now!

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