Multiply N complex numbers given as strings

Given N Complex Numbers in the form of Strings, the task is to print the multiplication of these N complex numbers.

Examples:

Input: N = 3, V = { 3 + 1i, 2 + 1i, 5 + -7i } 
Output: 10+-60i 
Explanation:
Firstly, we will multiply (3+1i) and (2+1i) to yield 5+5i. In the next step, we will multiply 5+5i and -5+-7i to yield the final result 10+-60i.

Input: N = 3, V = { “7+4i”, “-12+1i”, “-16+-7i”, “12+18i” } 
Output: -9444+35442i 

Approach

• Firstly, start iterating from the beginning and take the first 2 Strings and erase both of them.
• Next, convert the string into a number with appropriate signs. Store the Real Part and the Imaginary Part of the String in separate variables. Take a as the real part of the first string while b as the imaginary part of the first string. Take c as the real part of the second string while d as the imaginary part of the second string.
• Next we will calculate the resultant values for the real by calculating the product of a and c and subtracting it with the product of b and subtracting with the product of b and d. For the Imaginary Part, we will calculate the sum of the product of a and d, along with the product of the b and c.
• We will then generate a temporary string to take the sum of real and imaginary values that has been calculated earlier.
• We will push the resultant string into the vector. Repeat the above steps until there is only one remaining element in the vector.
• Return the last remaining element in the vector, which is the desired answer.

Below is the implementation of our above approach:

C++

// C++ Program to multiply
// N complex Numbers
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define ll long long

// Function which returns the
// string in digit format
vector<long long int> findnum(string s1)
{
    vector<long long int> v;
    // a : real
    // b : imaginary
    int a = 0, b = 0;
    int sa = 0, sb = 0, i = 0;
    // sa : sign of a
    // sb : sign of b
    if (s1[0] == '-') {
        sa = 1;
        i = 1;
    }
    // Extract the real number
    while (isdigit(s1[i])) {
        a = a * 10 + (int(s1[i]) - 48);
        i++;
    }

    if (s1[i] == '+') {
        sb = 0;
        i += 1;
    }

    if (s1[i] == '-') {
        sb = 1;
        i += 1;
    }

    // Extract the imaginary part
    while (i < s1.length() && isdigit(s1[i])) {
        b = b * 10 + (int(s1[i]) - 48);
        i++;
    }

    if (sa)
        a *= -1;

    if (sb)
        b *= -1;

    v.push_back(a);
    v.push_back(b);

    return v;
}

string complexNumberMultiply(vector<string> v)
{
    // if size==1 means we reached at result
    while (v.size() != 1) {
        // Extract the first two elements
        vector<ll> v1 = findnum(v[0]);
        vector<ll> v2 = findnum(v[1]);

        // Remove them
        v.erase(v.begin());
        v.erase(v.begin());

        // Calculate and store the real part
        ll r = (v1[0] * v2[0] - v1[1] * v2[1]);
        // Calculate and store the imaginary part
        ll img = v1[0] * v2[1] + v1[1] * v2[0];

        string res = "";
        // Append the real part
        res += to_string(r);
        res += '+';
        // Append the imaginary part
        res += to_string(img) + 'i';

        // Insert into vector
        v.insert(v.begin(), res);
    }

    return v[0];
}

// Driver Function
int main()
{
    int n = 3;
    vector<string> v = { "3+1i",
                         "2+1i", "-5+-7i" };

    cout << complexNumberMultiply(v) << "\n";

    return 0;
}

Python3

# Python3 program to multiply
# N complex Numbers

# Function which returns the
# in digit format
def findnum(s1):

    v = []

    # a : real
    # b : imaginary
    a = 0
    b = 0
    sa = 0
    sb = 0
    i = 0

    # sa : sign of a
    # sb : sign of b
    if (s1[0] == '-'):
        sa = 1
        i = 1

    # Extract the real number
    while (s1[i].isdigit()):
        a = a * 10 + (int(s1[i]))
        i += 1

    if (s1[i] == '+'):
        sb = 0
        i += 1

    if (s1[i] == '-'):
        sb = 1
        i += 1

    # Extract the imaginary part
    while (i < len(s1) and s1[i].isdigit()):
        b = b * 10 + (int(s1[i]))
        i += 1

    if (sa):
        a *= -1

    if (sb):
        b *= -1

    v.append(a)
    v.append(b)

    return v

def complexNumberMultiply(v):

    # If size==1 means we reached at result
    while (len(v) != 1):

        # Extract the first two elements
        v1 = findnum(v[0])
        v2 = findnum(v[1])

        # Remove them
        del v[0]
        del v[0]

        # Calculate and store the real part
        r = (v1[0] * v2[0] - v1[1] * v2[1])

        # Calculate and store the imaginary part
        img = v1[0] * v2[1] + v1[1] * v2[0]

        res = ""

        # Append the real part
        res += str(r)
        res += '+'

        # Append the imaginary part
        res += str(img) + 'i'

        # Insert into vector
        v.insert(0, res)

    return v[0]

# Driver code
if __name__ == '__main__':

    n = 3
    v = [ "3+1i", "2+1i", "-5+-7i" ]

    print(complexNumberMultiply(v))

# This code is contributed by mohit kumar 29

Javascript

<script>

// JavaScript Program to multiply
// N complex Numbers

// Function which returns the
// string in digit format
function findnum(s1)
{
    let v = [];

    // a : real
    // b : imaginary
    let a = 0, b = 0;
    let sa = 0, sb = 0, i = 0;

    // sa : sign of a
    // sb : sign of b
    if (s1[0] == '-') {
        sa = 1;
        i = 1;
    }

    // Extract the real number
    while (s1.charCodeAt(i)>='0'.charCodeAt(0) && s1.charCodeAt(i)<='9'.charCodeAt(0)) {
        a = a * 10 + (s1.charCodeAt(i) - 48);
        i++;
    }

    if (s1[i] == '+') {
        sb = 0;
        i += 1;
    }

    if (s1[i] == '-') {
        sb = 1;
        i += 1;
    }

    // Extract the imaginary part
    while (i < s1.length && s1.charCodeAt(i)>='0'.charCodeAt(0) && s1.charCodeAt(i)<='9'.charCodeAt(0)) {
        b = b * 10 + (s1.charCodeAt(i) - 48);
        i++;
    }

    if (sa)
        a *= -1;

    if (sb)
        b *= -1;

    v.push(a);
    v.push(b);

    return v;
}

function complexNumberMultiply(v)
{
    // if size==1 means we reached at result
    while (v.length != 1) {
        // Extract the first two elements
        let v1 = findnum(v[0]);
        let v2 = findnum(v[1]);

        // Remove them
        v.shift();
        v.shift();

        // Calculate and store the real part
        let r = (v1[0] * v2[0] - v1[1] * v2[1]);
        // Calculate and store the imaginary part
        let img = v1[0] * v2[1] + v1[1] * v2[0];

        let res = "";
        // Append the real part
        res += r.toString();
        res += '+';
        // Append the imaginary part
        res += img.toString() + 'i';

        // Insert into vector
        v.unshift(res);
    }

    return v[0];
}

// Driver Function

let n = 3;
let v = [ "3+1i", "2+1i", "-5+-7i" ];

document.write(complexNumberMultiply(v),"</br>")

// This code is contributed by Shinjanpatra

</script>

Output:

10+-60i

Time Complexity: O(N)
Auxiliary Space: O(N)