Multiplication of two complex numbers given as strings

Given two complex numbers in the form of string. Our task is to print the multiplication of these two complex numbers.

Examples:

Input : str1 = "1+1i"
        str2 = "1+1i"
Output : "0+2i"
Here, (1 + i) * (1 + i) = 
1 + i2 + 2 * i = 2i or "0+2i"

Input : str1 = "1+-1i"
        str2 = "1+-1i"
Output : "0+-2i"
Here, (1 - i) * (1 - i) = 
1 + i2 - 2 * i = -2i or "0+-2i"

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

Multiplication of two complex numbers can be done as:

$(a+ib) \times (x+iy)=ax+i^2by+i(bx+ay)=ax-by+i(bx+ay)$

We simply split up the real and the imaginary parts of the given complex strings based on the ‘+’ and the ‘i’ symbols. We store the real parts of the two strings a and b as x[0] and y[0] respectively and the imaginary parts as x[1] and y[1] respectively. Then, we multiply the real and the imaginary parts as required after converting the extracted parts into integers. Then, we again form the return string in the required format and return the result.

Java

// Java program to multiply two complex numbers 
// given as strings. 
import java.util.*; 
import java.lang.*; 
  
public class GfG{ 
    public static String complexNumberMultiply(String a, String b) { 
  
        // Spiting the real and imaginary parts 
        // of the given complex strings based on '+' 
        // and 'i' symbols. 
        String x[] = a.split("\\+|i"); 
        String y[] = b.split("\\+|i"); 
          
        // Storing the real part of complex string a 
        int a_real = Integer.parseInt(x[0]); 
          
        // Storing the imaginary part of complex string a 
        int a_img = Integer.parseInt(x[1]); 
          
        // Storing the real part of complex string b 
        int b_real = Integer.parseInt(y[0]); 
          
        // Storing the imaginary part of complex string b 
        int b_img = Integer.parseInt(y[1]); 
          
        // Returns the product. 
        return (a_real * b_real - a_img * b_img) + "+" + 
              (a_real * b_img + a_img * b_real) + "i"; 
    } 
      
    // Driver function  
    public static void main(String argc[]){ 
        String str1 = "1+1i"; 
        String str2 = "1+1i"; 
        System.out.println(complexNumberMultiply(str1, str2)); 
    } 
} 

PHP

<?php 
// PHP program to multiply  
// two complex numbers 
// given as strings. 
  
function complexNumberMultiply($a, $b)  
{ 
  
// Spiting the real and  
// imaginary parts of the 
// given complex strings  
// based on '+' and 'i' symbols. 
$x = preg_split("/[\s+]+|i/" , $a); 
$y = preg_split("/[\s+]+|i/" , $b); 
      
// Storing the real part 
// of complex string a 
$a_real = intval($x[0]); 
      
// Storing the imaginary  
// part of complex string a 
$a_img = intval($x[1]); 
      
// Storing the real part  
// of complex string b 
$b_real = intval($y[0]); 
      
// Storing the imaginary  
// part of complex string b 
$b_img = intval($y[1]); 
      
// Returns the product. 
return ($a_real * $b_real -  
        $a_img * $b_img) . "+" .  
       ($a_real * $b_img +  
        $a_img * $b_real) . "i"; 
} 
  
// Driver Code 
$str1 = "1+1i"; 
$str2 = "1+1i"; 
echo complexNumberMultiply($str1, $str2); 
  
// This code is contributed by mits 
?> 

Output:

0+2i

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Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

Java

PHP

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