Minimum product subset of an array

Given an array a, we have to find minimum product possible with the subset of elements present in the array. The minimum product can be single element also.

Examples:

Input : a[] = { -1, -1, -2, 4, 3 }
Output : -24
Explanation : Minimum product will be ( -2 * -1 * -1 * 4 * 3 ) = -24

Input : a[] = { -1, 0 }
Output : -1
Explanation : -1(single element) is minimum product possible
 
Input : a[] = { 0, 0, 0 }
Output : 0

A simple solution is to generate all subsets, find product of every subset and return maximum product.

A better solution is to use the below facts.

If there are even number of negative numbers and no zeros, the result is the product of all except the largest valued negative number.
If there are an odd number of negative numbers and no zeros, the result is simply the product of all.
If there are zeros and positive, no negative, the result is 0. The exceptional case is when there is no negative number and all other elements positive then our result should be the first minimum positive number.

C++

// CPP program to find maximum product of 
// a subset. 
#include <bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
  
int minProductSubset(int a[], int n) 
{ 
    if (n == 1) 
        return a[0]; 
  
    // Find count of negative numbers, count 
    // of zeros, maximum valued negative number, 
    // minimum valued positive number and product 
    // of non-zero numbers 
    int max_neg = INT_MIN; 
    int min_pos = INT_MAX; 
    int count_neg = 0, count_zero = 0; 
    int prod = 1; 
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { 
  
        // If number is 0, we don't 
        // multiply it with product. 
        if (a[i] == 0) { 
            count_zero++; 
            continue; 
        } 
  
        // Count negatives and keep 
        // track of maximum valued negative. 
        if (a[i] < 0) { 
            count_neg++; 
            max_neg = max(max_neg, a[i]); 
        } 
  
        // Track minimum positive 
        // number of array 
        if (a[i] > 0)  
            min_pos = min(min_pos, a[i]);         
  
        prod = prod * a[i]; 
    } 
  
    // If there are all zeros 
    // or no negative number present 
    if (count_zero == n ||  
       (count_neg == 0 && count_zero > 0)) 
        return 0; 
  
    // If there are all positive 
    if (count_neg == 0) 
        return min_pos; 
  
    // If there are even number of 
    // negative numbers and count_neg not 0 
    if (!(count_neg & 1) && count_neg != 0) { 
  
        // Otherwise result is product of 
        // all non-zeros divided by maximum 
        // valued negative. 
        prod = prod / max_neg; 
    } 
  
    return prod; 
} 
  
int main() 
{ 
    int a[] = { -1, -1, -2, 4, 3 }; 
    int n = sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]); 
    cout << minProductSubset(a, n); 
    return 0; 
} 

Java

// Java program to find maximum product of 
// a subset. 
class GFG { 
  
    static int minProductSubset(int a[], int n) 
    { 
        if (n == 1) 
            return a[0]; 
      
        // Find count of negative numbers, 
        // count of zeros, maximum valued  
        // negative number, minimum valued 
        // positive number and product of  
        // non-zero numbers 
        int negmax = Integer.MIN_VALUE; 
        int posmin = Integer.MAX_VALUE; 
        int count_neg = 0, count_zero = 0; 
        int product = 1; 
          
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
        { 
              
            // if number is zero,count it 
            // but dont multiply 
            if(a[i] == 0){ 
                count_zero++; 
                continue; 
            } 
              
        // count the negetive numbers 
        // and find the max negetive number 
        if(a[i] < 0) 
        { 
                count_neg++; 
                negmax = Math.max(negmax, a[i]); 
            } 
              
            // find the minimum positive number 
            if(a[i] > 0 && a[i] < posmin) 
            posmin = a[i]; 
              
            product *= a[i]; 
        } 
          
        // if there are all zeroes 
        // or zero is present but no  
        // negetive number is present 
        if (count_zero == n ||  
            (count_neg == 0 && count_zero > 0)) 
            return 0; 
              
        // If there are all positive 
        if (count_neg == 0) 
            return posmin; 
              
        // If there are even number except  
        // zero of negative numbers  
        if (count_neg % 2 == 0 && count_neg != 0) 
        { 
      
            // Otherwise result is product of 
            // all non-zeros divided by maximum 
            // valued negative. 
            product = product / negmax; 
        } 
          
        return product; 
    } 
      
    // main function  
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    { 
          
        int a[] = { -1, -1, -2, 4, 3 }; 
        int n = 5; 
          
        System.out.println(minProductSubset(a, n)); 
    } 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by Arnab Kundu. 

Python3

# Python3 program to find maximum  
# product of a subset. 
  
# def to find maximum 
# product of a subset 
def minProductSubset(a, n) :      
    if (n == 1) : 
        return a[0] 
  
    # Find count of negative numbers, 
    # count of zeros, maximum valued  
    # negative number, minimum valued  
    # positive number and product 
    # of non-zero numbers 
    max_neg = float('-inf') 
    min_pos = float('inf') 
    count_neg = 0
    count_zero = 0
    prod = 1
    for i in range(0,n) : 
  
        # If number is 0, we don't 
        # multiply it with product. 
        if (a[i] == 0) :      
            count_zero = count_zero + 1
            continue
  
        # Count negatives and keep 
        # track of maximum valued  
        # negative. 
        if (a[i] < 0) :      
            count_neg = count_neg + 1
            max_neg = max(max_neg, a[i]) 
          
        # Track minimum positive 
        # number of array 
        if (a[i] > 0) : 
            min_pos = min(min_pos, a[i]) 
  
        prod = prod * a[i] 
      
  
    # If there are all zeros 
    # or no negative number 
    # present 
    if (count_zero == n or (count_neg == 0 
                    and count_zero > 0)) : 
        return 0; 
  
    # If there are all positive 
    if (count_neg == 0) : 
        return min_pos 
  
    # If there are even number of 
    # negative numbers and count_neg 
    # not 0 
    if ((count_neg & 1) == 0 and
                       count_neg != 0) : 
  
        # Otherwise result is product of 
        # all non-zeros divided by  
        # maximum valued negative. 
        prod = int(prod / max_neg) 
  
    return prod; 
  
# Driver code 
a = [ -1, -1, -2, 4, 3 ] 
n = len(a) 
print (minProductSubset(a, n)) 
# This code is contributed by  
# Manish Shaw (manishshaw1) 

C#

// C# program to find maximum product of 
// a subset. 
using System; 
  
public class GFG { 
  
    static int minProductSubset(int[] a, int n) 
    { 
        if (n == 1)  
            return a[0]; 
  
        // Find count of negative numbers, 
        // count of zeros, maximum valued 
        // negative number, minimum valued 
        // positive number and product of 
        // non-zero numbers 
        int negmax = int.MinValue; 
        int posmin = int.MinValue; 
        int count_neg = 0, count_zero = 0; 
        int product = 1; 
  
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)  
        { 
  
            // if number is zero, count it 
            // but dont multiply 
            if (a[i] == 0) { 
                count_zero++; 
                continue; 
            } 
  
            // count the negetive numbers 
            // and find the max negetive number 
            if (a[i] < 0) { 
                count_neg++; 
                negmax = Math.Max(negmax, a[i]); 
            } 
  
            // find the minimum positive number 
            if (a[i] > 0 && a[i] < posmin) { 
                posmin = a[i]; 
            } 
  
            product *= a[i]; 
        } 
  
        // if there are all zeroes 
        // or zero is present but no 
        // negetive number is present 
        if (count_zero == n || (count_neg == 0  
                             && count_zero > 0)) 
            return 0; 
  
        // If there are all positive 
        if (count_neg == 0)  
            return posmin; 
  
        // If there are even number except 
        // zero of negative numbers 
        if (count_neg % 2 == 0 && count_neg != 0) 
        { 
  
            // Otherwise result is product of 
            // all non-zeros divided by maximum 
            // valued negative. 
            product = product / negmax; 
        } 
  
        return product; 
    } 
  
    // main function 
    public static void Main() 
    { 
  
        int[] a = new int[] { -1, -1, -2, 4, 3 }; 
        int n = 5; 
  
        Console.WriteLine(minProductSubset(a, n)); 
    } 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by Ajit. 

PHP

<?php 
// PHP program to find maximum  
// product of a subset. 
  
// Function to find maximum 
// product of a subset 
function minProductSubset($a, $n) 
{ 
      
    if ($n == 1) 
        return $a[0]; 
  
    // Find count of negative numbers, 
    // count of zeros, maximum valued  
    // negative number, minimum valued  
    // positive number and product 
    // of non-zero numbers 
    $max_neg = PHP_INT_MIN; 
    $min_pos = PHP_INT_MAX; 
    $count_neg = 0; $count_zero = 0; 
    $prod = 1; 
    for ($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++)  
    { 
  
        // If number is 0, we don't 
        // multiply it with product. 
        if ($a[$i] == 0)  
        { 
            $count_zero++; 
            continue; 
        } 
  
        // Count negatives and keep 
        // track of maximum valued  
        // negative. 
        if ($a[$i] < 0) 
        { 
            $count_neg++; 
            $max_neg = max($max_neg, $a[$i]); 
        } 
  
        // Track minimum positive 
        // number of array 
        if ($a[$i] > 0)  
            $min_pos = min($min_pos, $a[$i]);  
  
        $prod = $prod * $a[$i]; 
    } 
  
    // If there are all zeros 
    // or no negative number 
    // present 
    if ($count_zero == $n ||  
       ($count_neg == 0 &&  
        $count_zero > 0)) 
        return 0; 
  
    // If there are all positive 
    if ($count_neg == 0) 
        return $min_pos; 
  
    // If there are even number of 
    // negative numbers and count_neg 
    // not 0 
    if (!($count_neg & 1) &&  
          $count_neg != 0) 
    { 
  
        // Otherwise result is product of 
        // all non-zeros divided by maximum 
        // valued negative. 
        $prod = $prod / $max_neg; 
    } 
  
    return $prod; 
} 
  
// Driver code 
$a = array( -1, -1, -2, 4, 3 ); 
$n = sizeof($a); 
echo(minProductSubset($a, $n)); 
  
// This code is contributed by Ajit. 
?> 

Output:

-24

Time Complexity : O(n)
Auxiliary Space : O(1)

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