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Minimum prime number operations to convert A to B

Given two integers A and B, the task is to convert A to B with a minimum number of the following operations:  

  1. Multiply A by any prime number.
  2. Divide A by one of its prime divisors.

Print the minimum number of operations required.
Examples: 
 

Input: A = 10, B = 15 
Output:
Operation 1: 10 / 2 = 5 
Operation 2: 5 * 3 = 15
Input: A = 9, B = 7 
Output:
 

Naive Approach: If prime factorization of A = p1q1 * p2q2 * … * pnqn. If we multiply A by some prime then qi for that prime will increase by 1 and if we divide A by one of its prime factors then qi for that prime will decrease by 1. So for a prime p if it occurs qA times in prime factorization of A and qB times in prime factorization of B then we only need to find the sum of |qA – qB| for all the primes to get a minimum number of operations.
 

Efficient Approach: Eliminate all the common factors of A and B by dividing both A and B by their GCD. If A and B have no common factors then we only need the sum of powers of their prime factors to convert A to B.
 

Below is the implementation of the above approach: 
 




// C++ implementation of above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to return the count of
// prime factors of a number
int countFactors(int n)
{
    int factors = 0;
 
    for (int i = 2; i * i <= n; i++) {
        while (n % i == 0) {
            n /= i;
            factors += 1;
        }
    }
 
    if (n != 1)
        factors++;
 
    return factors;
}
 
// Function to return the minimum number of
// given operations required to convert A to B
int minOperations(int A, int B)
{
    int g = __gcd(A, B); // gcd(A, B);
 
    // Eliminate the common
    // factors of A and B
    A /= g;
    B /= g;
 
    // Sum of prime factors
    return countFactors(A) + countFactors(B);
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    int A = 10, B = 15;
 
    cout << minOperations(A, B);
 
    return 0;
}




// Java implementation of above approach
import java .io.*;
 
class GFG
{
     
// Function to return the count of
// prime factors of a number
static int countFactors(int n)
{
    int factors = 0;
 
    for (int i = 2; i * i <= n; i++)
    {
        while (n % i == 0)
        {
            n /= i;
            factors += 1;
        }
    }
 
    if (n != 1)
        factors++;
 
        return factors;
}
 
static int __gcd(int a, int b)
{
    if (b == 0)
    return a;
    return __gcd(b, a % b);
}
 
// Function to return the minimum
// number of given operations
// required to convert A to B
static int minOperations(int A, int B)
{
    int g = __gcd(A, B); // gcd(A, B);
 
    // Eliminate the common
    // factors of A and B
    A /= g;
    B /= g;
 
    // Sum of prime factors
    return countFactors(A) + countFactors(B);
}
 
// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int A = 10, B = 15;
 
    System.out.println(minOperations(A, B));
}
}
 
// This code is contributed
// by Code_Mech




# Python3 implementation of above approach
 
# from math lib import sqrt
# and gcd function
from math import sqrt, gcd
 
# Function to return the count of
# prime factors of a number
def countFactors(n) :
    factors = 0;
 
    for i in range(2, int(sqrt(n)) + 1) :
        while (n % i == 0) :
            n //= i
            factors += 1
 
    if (n != 1) :
        factors += 1
 
    return factors
 
# Function to return the minimum number of
# given operations required to convert A to B
def minOperations(A, B) :
     
    g = gcd(A, B)
 
    # Eliminate the common
    # factors of A and B
    A //= g
    B //= g
 
    # Sum of prime factors
    return countFactors(A) + countFactors(B)
 
# Driver code
if __name__ == "__main__" :
 
    A, B = 10, 15
 
    print(minOperations(A, B))
 
# This code is contributed by Ryuga




// C# implementation of above approach
using System;
     
class GFG
{
     
    // Function to return the count of
    // prime factors of a number
    static int countFactors(int n)
    {
        int factors = 0;
        for (int i = 2; i * i <= n; i++)
        {
            while (n % i == 0)
            {
                n /= i;
                factors += 1;
            }
        }
 
        if (n != 1)
            factors++;
 
        return factors;
    }
 
    static int __gcd(int a, int b)
    {
        if (b == 0)
            return a;
        return __gcd(b, a % b);
    }
 
    // Function to return the minimum
    // number of given operations
    // required to convert A to B
    static int minOperations(int A, int B)
    {
        int g = __gcd(A, B); // gcd(A, B);
 
        // Eliminate the common
        // factors of A and B
        A /= g;
        B /= g;
 
        // Sum of prime factors
        return countFactors(A) + countFactors(B);
    }
 
    // Driver code
    public static void Main()
    {
        int A = 10, B = 15;
        Console.WriteLine(minOperations(A, B));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by
// PrinciRaj1992




<?php
// PHP implementation of above approach
 
// Function to calculate gcd
function __gcd($a, $b)
{
         
    // Everything divides 0
    if ($a == 0 || $b == 0)
        return 0;
     
    // base case
    if ($a == $b)
        return $a;
     
    // a is greater
    if ($a > $b)
        return __gcd($a - $b, $b);
             
    return __gcd($a, $b - $a);
}
 
// Function to return the count of
// prime factors of a number
function countFactors($n)
{
    $factors = 0;
 
    for ($i = 2; $i * $i <= $n; $i++)
    {
        while ($n % $i == 0)
        {
            $n /= $i;
            $factors += 1;
        }
    }
 
    if ($n != 1)
        $factors++;
 
    return $factors;
}
 
// Function to return the minimum number of
// given operations required to convert A to B
function minOperations($A, $B)
{
    $g = __gcd($A, $B); // gcd(A, B);
 
    // Eliminate the common
    // factors of A and B
    $A /= $g;
    $B /= $g;
 
    // Sum of prime factors
    return countFactors($A) +
           countFactors($B);
}
 
// Driver code
$A = 10; $B = 15;
 
echo minOperations($A, $B);
 
// This code is contributed
// by Akanksha Rai
?>




<script>
// javascript implementation of above approach
 
    // Function to return the count of
    // prime factors of a number
    function countFactors(n) {
        var factors = 0;
 
        for (i = 2; i * i <= n; i++) {
            while (n % i == 0) {
                n /= i;
                factors += 1;
            }
        }
 
        if (n != 1)
            factors++;
 
        return factors;
    }
 
    function __gcd(a , b) {
        if (b == 0)
            return a;
        return __gcd(b, a % b);
    }
 
    // Function to return the minimum
    // number of given operations
    // required to convert A to B
    function minOperations(A , B) {
        var g = __gcd(A, B); // gcd(A, B);
 
        // Eliminate the common
        // factors of A and B
        A /= g;
        B /= g;
 
        // Sum of prime factors
        return countFactors(A) + countFactors(B);
    }
 
    // Driver code
     
        var A = 10, B = 15;
 
        document.write(minOperations(A, B));
 
// This code contributed by Rajput-Ji
</script>

Output: 
2

 

Time complexity : O(sqrtn*logn)

Auxiliary Space: O(1)


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