Minimum operations of the given type required to make a complete graph

Given N vertex where N is even. Initially there is no edge between any of the vertices. 
You are allowed to perform operation as illustrated here: 

• In a single operation, the total nodes can be divided into two groups and edge (u, v) can be drawn for all possible values of u and v such that u and v both belong to different groups.

The task is to find the count of minimum number of given operations required to convert these vertices into a complete graph.
Examples:

Input: N = 4 
Output: 2 
Operation 1: Groups = [1, 2], [3, 4] all possible edges will be {1-4, 1-3, 2-3, 2-4}. 
Operation 2: Groups = [1, 3], [2, 4] all possible edges will be {1-4, 1-3, 2-3, 2-4, 1-2, 3-4}. 
Graph is now a complete graph.
Input: N = 10 
Output: 4 

Approach: A graph will be called a complete graph when there will be an edge between every pair of vertices. Here the problem can be solved by divide and conquer approach. To perform the minimum number of operations, divide the vertices into two groups each with N / 2 vertices and draw all possible edges. Now observe that we have to create edge between the vertices which are now in the same group. So we will divide them into half and put those in different groups. 
These steps will be repeated until all the edges have been drawn i.e. at max ? log2(N) ? times as operation will divide edges into two halves of equal sizes.
Below is the implementation of the above approach: 

C++

// C++ implementation of the approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Function to return
// the minimum number of steps required
int minOperations(int N)
{
    double x = log2(N);

    int ans = ceil(x);

    return ans;
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int N = 10;
    cout << minOperations(N);

    return 0;
}

Java

// Java implementation of the approach

class GFG
{

    // Function to return the minimum
    // number of steps required
    static int minOperations(int N)
    {
        double x = Math.log(N) / Math.log(2);

        int ans = (int)(Math.ceil(x));

        return ans;
    }

    // Driver Code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int N = 10;
        System.out.println(minOperations(N));
    }
}

// This code is contributed by Ryuga

Python3

# Python 3 implementation of the approach
from math import log2, ceil

# Function to return the minimum
# number of steps required
def minOperations(N):
    x = log2(N)

    ans = ceil(x)

    return ans

# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
    N = 10
    print(minOperations(N))

# This code is contributed by
# Surendra_Gangwar

C#

// C# implementation of the approach
using System;
class GFG
{

// Function to return the minimum
// number of steps required
static int minOperations(int N)
{
    double x = Math.Log(N, 2);

    int ans = (int)(Math.Ceiling(x));

    return ans;
}

// Driver Code
static void Main()
{
    int N = 10;
    Console.WriteLine(minOperations(N));
}
}

// This code is contributed by mits

PHP

<?php
// PHP implementation of the approach

// Function to return the minimum number
// of steps required
function minOperations($N)
{
    $x = log($N, 2);

    $ans = ceil($x);

    return $ans;
}

// Driver Code
$N = 10;
echo minOperations($N);

// This code is contributed
// by Akanksha Rai
?>

Javascript

<script>
// javascript implementation of the approach

    // Function to return the minimum
    // number of steps required
    function minOperations(N)
    {
        var x = Math.log(N) / Math.log(2);
        var ans = parseInt( (Math.ceil(x)));
        return ans;
    }

    // Driver Code
    var N = 10;
    document.write(minOperations(N));

// This code is contributed by todaysgaurav
</script>

Output:

4

Time Complexity: O(1)

Auxiliary Space: O(1)