Minimum number of steps to convert a given matrix into Upper Hessenberg matrix

Last Updated : 27 Apr, 2021

Given a matrix of order NxN, Find the minimum number of steps to convert given matrix into Upper Hessenberg matrix. In each step, the only operation allowed is to decrease or increase any element value by 1.
Examples:

Input : N=3
1 2 8
1 3 4
2 3 4
Output :2
Decrease the element a[2][0] 2 times.
Now the matrix is upper hessenberg
Input : N=4
1 2 2 3
1 3 4 2
3 3 4 2
-1 0 1 4
Output :4

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Approach:

For a matrix to be Upper Hessenberg matrix all of its elements below sub-diagonal must be equal zero, i.e A_ij = 0 for all i > j+1..
The minimum number of steps required to convert a given matrix in the upper Hessenberg matrix is equal to the sum of the absolute values of all A_ij for all i > j + 1.
The modulus value of the element is taken into account because both the increase and decrease of the element count as a single step.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ implementation of above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define N 4
using namespace std;
 
// Function to count steps in
// conversion of matrix into upper
// Hessenberg matrix
int stepsRequired(int arr[][N])
{
    int result = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
 
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {
 
            // if element is below sub-diagonal
            // add abs(element) into result
            if (i > j + 1)
                result += abs(arr[i][j]);
        }
    }
    return result;
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    int arr[N][N] = { 1, 2, 3, 4,
                      3, 1, 0, 3,
                      3, 2, 1, 3,
                     -3, 4, 2, 1 };
 
    // Function call
    cout << stepsRequired(arr);
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java implementation of above approach
class GFG
{
     
    static int N = 4;
     
    // Function to count steps in
    // conversion of matrix into upper
    // Hessenberg matrix
    static int stepsRequired(int arr[][])
    {
        int result = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        {
     
            for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
            {
     
                // if element is below sub-diagonal
                // add abs(element) into result
                if (i > j + 1)
                    result += Math.abs(arr[i][j]);
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
     
    // Driver code
    public static void main (String[] args)
    {
         
        int arr [][] = new int [][] {{1, 2, 3, 4},
                        {3, 1, 0, 3},
                        {3, 2, 1, 3},
                        {-3, 4, 2, 1 }};
     
        // Function call
        System.out.println(stepsRequired(arr));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by ihritik

Python3

# Python3 implementation of above approach
N = 4;
 
# Function to count steps in
# conversion of matrix into upper
# Hessenberg matrix
def stepsRequired(arr):
    result = 0;
    for i in range(N):
 
        for j in range(N):
 
            # if element is below sub-diagonal
            # add abs(element) into result
            if (i > j + 1):
                result += abs(arr[i][j]);
 
    return result;
 
# Driver code
arr =   [[1, 2, 3, 4],
         [3, 1, 0, 3],
         [3, 2, 1, 3],
         [-3, 4, 2, 1]];
 
# Function call
print(stepsRequired(arr));
 
# This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji

C#

// C# implementation of above approach
using System;
 
class GFG
{
     
    static int N = 4;
     
    // Function to count steps in
    // conversion of matrix into upper
    // Hessenberg matrix
    static int stepsRequired(int [, ] arr)
    {
        int result = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        {
     
            for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
            {
     
                // if element is below sub-diagonal
                // add abs(element) into result
                if (i > j + 1)
                    result += Math.Abs(arr[i, j]);
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
     
    // Driver code
    public static void Main ()
    {
         
        int [ , ] arr = new int [, ] { {1, 2, 3, 4},
                        {3, 1, 0, 3},
                        {3, 2, 1, 3},
                        {-3, 4, 2, 1}};
     
        // Function call
        Console.WriteLine(stepsRequired(arr));
     
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by ihritik

Javascript

<script>
// Java script implementation of above approach
let N = 4;
     
    // Function to count steps in
    // conversion of matrix into upper
    // Hessenberg matrix
    function stepsRequired(arr)
    {
        let result = 0;
        for (let i = 0; i < N; i++)
        {
     
            for (let j = 0; j < N; j++)
            {
     
                // if element is below sub-diagonal
                // add abs(element) into result
                if (i > j + 1)
                    result += Math.abs(arr[i][j]);
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
     
    // Driver code   
        let arr =[[1, 2, 3, 4],
                        [3, 1, 0, 3],
                        [3, 2, 1, 3],
                        [-3, 4, 2, 1 ]];
     
        // Function call
        document.write(stepsRequired(arr));
 
// This code is contributed by mohan pavan
 
</script>

Output:

Time complexity : O(N*N)

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Table of Contents

Minimum number of steps to convert a given matrix into Upper Hessenberg matrix

C++

Java

Python3

C#

Javascript

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