Find the Minimum length Unsorted Subarray, sorting which makes the complete array sorted

Given an unsorted array arr[0..n-1] of size n, find the minimum length subarray arr[s..e] such that sorting this subarray makes the whole array sorted. 
Examples:

1. If the input array is [10, 12, 20, 30, 25, 40, 32, 31, 35, 50, 60], your program should be able to find that the subarray lies between indexes 3 and 8.
2. If the input array is [0, 1, 15, 25, 6, 7, 30, 40, 50], your program should be able to find that the subarray lies between indexes 2 and 5.

Approach 1:

Idea/Intuition :

Make a temporary array same as the given array ,sort the temporary array . Now check 
from starting at which index the element of the given array and temporary array are 
unequal and store it in temporary variable s . Repeat the above From the end and store
the index at another temporary variable e . The length e-s+1 is the length of smallest
unequal subarray .

Algorithm :

• Declare a temporary array temp same as given array arr.
• Sort the temporary array .
• Initialize variable s with 0 and e with 0.
• Checking the unequal element from start and storing it in s variable .
• Checking the equal element from end and storing it in e variable.
• Returning (e-s+1) .
• Printing the result .

Below is the implementation of above approach .

Code :

C++

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// function performing calculation
int minLength(vector<int>& arr)
{
    // temporary array equal to given array
    vector<int> temp = arr;
    // sorting the temporary array
    sort(temp.begin(), temp.end());
    // initializing indices
    int s = 0, e = 0;
    // checking the unequal element from start and storing
    // it in s variable
    for (int i = 0; i < arr.size(); i++) {
        if (arr[i] != temp[i]) {
            s = i;
            break;
        }
    }
    // checking the unequal element from end and storing it
    // in e variable
    for (int i = arr.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        if (arr[i] != temp[i]) {
            e = i;
            break;
        }
    }
    // returning minimum length
    return (e - s + 1);
}

// driver function
int main()
{
    // given array arr
    vector<int> arr
        = { 10, 12, 20, 30, 25, 40, 32, 31, 35, 50, 60 };
    // calling the function performing calculation and
    // printing the result
    cout << "Minimum length of subarray is : "
         << minLength(arr);
    return 0;
}

Python3

# importing the library
from typing import List

# function performing calculation
def minLength(arr: List[int]) -> int:

    # temporary array equal to given array
    temp = arr[:]

    # sorting the temporary array
    temp.sort()

    # initializing indices
    s = 0
    e = 0

    # checking the unequal element from start and storing
    # it in s variable
    for i in range(len(arr)):
        if arr[i] != temp[i]:
            s = i
            break

    # checking the unequal element from end and storing it
    # in e variable
    for i in range(len(arr)-1, -1, -1):
        if arr[i] != temp[i]:
            e = i
            break

    # returning minimum length
    return (e - s + 1)

# driver function
if __name__ == '__main__':

    # given array arr
    arr = [10, 12, 20, 30, 25, 40, 32, 31, 35, 50, 60]

    # calling the function performing calculation and
    # printing the result
    print("Minimum length of subarray is : ", minLength(arr))

# This code is contributed by divyansh2212

C#

using System;
using System.Linq;

class Program
{
  //function performing calculations
    static int MinLength(int[] arr)
    {
      //temporary array equal to given array
        int[] temp = arr.ToArray();
      //sorting the temporary array
        Array.Sort(temp);
        //initializing indices
        int s = 0;
        int e = 0;
        //checking the unequal element from start and storing it in s variable
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
        {
            if (arr[i] != temp[i])
            {
                s = i;
                break;
            }
        }
        //checking the unequal elements from end and storing it in e variable
        for (int i = arr.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            if (arr[i] != temp[i])
            {
                e = i;
                break;
            }
        }

      //returning minimum length
        return e - s + 1;
    }

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        int[] arr = new int[] { 10, 12, 20, 30, 25, 40, 32, 31, 35, 50, 60 };
        Console.WriteLine("Minimum length of subarray is : " + MinLength(arr));
    }
}
//This code is contributed by snehalsalokhe

Java

import java.util.*;

public class GFG {
    // function performing calculation
    public static int minLength(ArrayList<Integer> arr) {
        // temporary array equal to given array
        ArrayList<Integer> temp = new ArrayList<Integer>(arr);
        // sorting the temporary array
        Collections.sort(temp);
        // initializing indices
        int s = 0, e = 0;
        // checking the unequal element from start and storing
        // it in s variable
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.size(); i++) {
            if (arr.get(i) != temp.get(i)) {
                s = i;
                break;
            }
        }
        // checking the unequal element from end and storing it
        // in e variable
        for (int i = arr.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            if (arr.get(i) != temp.get(i)) {
                e = i;
                break;
            }
        }
        // returning minimum length
        return (e - s + 1);
    }

    // driver function
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // given array arr
        ArrayList<Integer> arr = new ArrayList<Integer>(
            Arrays.asList(10, 12, 20, 30, 25, 40, 32, 31, 35, 50, 60)
        );
        // calling the function performing calculation and
        // printing the result
        System.out.println("Minimum length of subarray is : " + minLength(arr));
    }
}

Javascript

// function performing calculation
function minLength(arr)
{
    // temporary array equal to given array
    let temp = [];
    for(let i=0;i<arr.length;i++)
    {
      temp.push(arr[i]);
    }

    // sorting the temporary array
    temp.sort();

    // initializing indices
    let s = 0, e = 0;

    // checking the unequal element from start and storing
    // it in s variable
    for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
        if (arr[i] != temp[i]) {
            s = i;
            break;
        }
    }

    // checking the unequal element from end and storing it
    // in e variable
    for (let i = arr.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        if (arr[i] != temp[i]) {
            e = i;
            break;
        }
    }

    // returning minimum length
    return (e - s + 1);
}

// driver function
  // given array arr
let arr = [ 10, 12, 20, 30, 25, 40, 32, 31, 35, 50, 60 ];

  // calling the function performing calculation and
  // printing the result
console.log("Minimum length of subarray is : "
        + minLength(arr));

// This code is contributed by akashish__

Output

Minimum length of subarray is : 6

Time Complexity : O(NLog(N)) , where N is the size of given array 

Space Complexity : O(N) , Space for temporary array temp .

Approach 2:

1. Find the candidate unsorted subarray 
   1. Scan from left to right and find the first element which is greater than the next element. Let s be the index of such an element. In the above example 1, s is 3 (index of 30). 
   2. Scan from right to left and find the first element (first in right to left order) which is smaller than the next element (next in right to left order). Let e be the index of such an element. In the above example 1, e is 7 (index of 31).
2. Check whether sorting the candidate unsorted subarray makes the complete array sorted or not. If not, then include more elements in the subarray.
   1. Find the minimum and maximum values in arr[s..e]. Let minimum and maximum values be min and max. min and max for [30, 25, 40, 32, 31] are 25 and 40 respectively. 
   2. Find the first element (if there is any) in arr[0..s-1] which is greater than min, change s to index of this element. There is no such element in above example 1. 
   3. Find the last element (if there is any) in arr[e+1..n-1] which is smaller than max, change e to index of this element. In the above example 1, e is changed to 8 (index of 35)
3. Print s and e.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program to find the Minimum length Unsorted Subarray,
// sorting which makes the complete array sorted
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

void printUnsorted(int arr[], int n)
{
int s = 0, e = n-1, i, max, min;

// step 1(a) of above algo
for (s = 0; s < n-1; s++)
{
    if (arr[s] > arr[s+1])
    break;
}
if (s == n-1)
{
    cout << "The complete array is sorted";
    return;
}

// step 1(b) of above algo
for(e = n - 1; e > 0; e--)
{
    if(arr[e] < arr[e-1])
    break;
}

// step 2(a) of above algo
max = arr[s]; min = arr[s];
for(i = s + 1; i <= e; i++)
{
    if(arr[i] > max)
    max = arr[i];
    if(arr[i] < min)
    min = arr[i];
}

// step 2(b) of above algo
for( i = 0; i < s; i++)
{
    if(arr[i] > min)
    {
    s = i;
    break;
    }
}

// step 2(c) of above algo
for( i = n -1; i >= e+1; i--)
{
    if(arr[i] < max)
    {
    e = i;
    break;
    }
}

// step 3 of above algo
cout << "The unsorted subarray which"
     << " makes the given array" << endl
     << "sorted lies between the indices "
     << s << " and " << e;
return;
}

int main()
{
    int arr[] = {10, 12, 20, 30, 25,
                 40, 32, 31, 35, 50, 60};
    int arr_size = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
    printUnsorted(arr, arr_size);
    getchar();
    return 0;
}

// This code is contributed
// by Akanksha Rai

C

// C program to find the Minimum length Unsorted Subarray,
// sorting which makes the complete array sorted
#include<stdio.h>

void printUnsorted(int arr[], int n)
{
  int s = 0, e = n-1, i, max, min;

  // step 1(a) of above algo
  for (s = 0; s < n-1; s++)
  {
    if (arr[s] > arr[s+1])
      break;
  }
  if (s == n-1)
  {
    printf("The complete array is sorted");
    return;
  }

  // step 1(b) of above algo
  for(e = n - 1; e > 0; e--)
  {
    if(arr[e] < arr[e-1])
      break;
  }

  // step 2(a) of above algo
  max = arr[s]; min = arr[s];
  for(i = s + 1; i <= e; i++)
  {
    if(arr[i] > max)
      max = arr[i];
    if(arr[i] < min)
      min = arr[i];
  }

  // step 2(b) of above algo
  for( i = 0; i < s; i++)
  {
    if(arr[i] > min)
    {
      s = i;
      break;
    }
  }

  // step 2(c) of above algo
  for( i = n -1; i >= e+1; i--)
  {
    if(arr[i] < max)
    {
      e = i;
      break;
    }
  }

  // step 3 of above algo
  printf(" The unsorted subarray which makes the given array "
         " sorted lies between the indees %d and %d", s, e);
  return;
}

int main()
{
  int arr[] = {10, 12, 20, 30, 25, 40, 32, 31, 35, 50, 60};
  int arr_size = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
  printUnsorted(arr, arr_size);
  getchar();
  return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to find the Minimum length Unsorted Subarray,
// sorting which makes the complete array sorted
import java.io.*;
class Main
{
    static void printUnsorted(int arr[], int n)
    {
      int s = 0, e = n-1, i, max, min;

      // step 1(a) of above algo
      for (s = 0; s < n-1; s++)
      {
        if (arr[s] > arr[s+1])
          break;
      }
      if (s == n-1)
      {
        System.out.println("The complete array is sorted");
        return;
      }

      // step 1(b) of above algo
      for(e = n - 1; e > 0; e--)
      {
        if(arr[e] < arr[e-1])
          break;
      }

      // step 2(a) of above algo
      max = arr[s]; min = arr[s];
      for(i = s + 1; i <= e; i++)
      {
        if(arr[i] > max)
          max = arr[i];
        if(arr[i] < min)
          min = arr[i];
      }

      // step 2(b) of above algo
      for( i = 0; i < s; i++)
      {
        if(arr[i] > min)
        {
          s = i;
          break;
        }
      }

      // step 2(c) of above algo
      for( i = n -1; i >= e+1; i--)
      {
        if(arr[i] < max)
        {
          e = i;
          break;
        }
      }

      // step 3 of above algo
      System.out.println(" The unsorted subarray which"+
                         " makes the given array sorted lies"+
                       "  between the indices "+s+" and "+e);
      return;
    }

    public static void main(String args[])
    {
      int arr[] = {10, 12, 20, 30, 25, 40, 32, 31, 35, 50, 60};
      int arr_size = arr.length;
      printUnsorted(arr, arr_size);
    }
}

Python3

# Python3 program to find the Minimum length Unsorted Subarray,
# sorting which makes the complete array sorted
def printUnsorted(arr, n):
    e = n-1
    # step 1(a) of above algo
    for s in range(0,n-1):
        if arr[s] > arr[s+1]:
            break

    if s == n-1:
        print ("The complete array is sorted")
        exit()

    # step 1(b) of above algo
    e= n-1
    while e > 0:
        if arr[e] < arr[e-1]:
            break
        e -= 1

    # step 2(a) of above algo
    max = arr[s]
    min = arr[s]
    for i in range(s+1,e+1):
        if arr[i] > max:
            max = arr[i]
        if arr[i] < min:
            min = arr[i]

    # step 2(b) of above algo
    for i in range(s):
        if arr[i] > min:
            s = i
            break

    # step 2(c) of above algo
    i = n-1
    while i >= e+1:
        if arr[i] < max:
            e = i
            break
        i -= 1

    # step 3 of above algo
    print ("The unsorted subarray which makes the given array")
    print ("sorted lies between the indexes %d and %d"%( s, e))

arr = [10, 12, 20, 30, 25, 40, 32, 31, 35, 50, 60]
arr_size = len(arr)
printUnsorted(arr, arr_size)

# This code is contributed by Shreyanshi Arun

C#

// C# program to find the Minimum length Unsorted Subarray,
// sorting which makes the complete array sorted

using System;

class GFG
{
    static void printUnsorted(int []arr, int n)
    {
    int s = 0, e = n-1, i, max, min;

    // step 1(a) of above algo
    for (s = 0; s < n-1; s++)
    {
        if (arr[s] > arr[s+1])
        break;
    }
    if (s == n-1)
    {
        Console.Write("The complete " +
                            "array is sorted");
        return;
    }

    // step 1(b) of above algo
    for(e = n - 1; e > 0; e--)
    {
        if(arr[e] < arr[e-1])
        break;
    }

    // step 2(a) of above algo
    max = arr[s]; min = arr[s];

    for(i = s + 1; i <= e; i++)
    {
        if(arr[i] > max)
            max = arr[i];

        if(arr[i] < min)
            min = arr[i];
    }

    // step 2(b) of above algo
    for( i = 0; i < s; i++)
    {
        if(arr[i] > min)
        {
            s = i;
            break;
        }
    }

    // step 2(c) of above algo
    for( i = n -1; i >= e+1; i--)
    {
        if(arr[i] < max)
        {
            e = i;
            break;
        }
    }

    // step 3 of above algo
    Console.Write(" The unsorted subarray which"+
            " makes the given array sorted lies \n"+
              " between the indices "+s+" and "+e);
    return;
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
        int []arr = {10, 12, 20, 30, 25, 40,
                                32, 31, 35, 50, 60};
        int arr_size = arr.Length;

        printUnsorted(arr, arr_size);
    }
}

// This code contributed by Sam007

PHP

<?php
// PHP program to find the Minimum length Unsorted Subarray,
// sorting which makes the complete array sorted
function printUnsorted(&$arr, $n)
{
    $s = 0;
    $e = $n - 1;

    // step 1(a) of above algo
    for ($s = 0; $s < $n - 1; $s++)
    {
        if ($arr[$s] > $arr[$s + 1])
        break;
    }
    if ($s == $n - 1)
    {
        echo "The complete array is sorted";
        return;
    }

    // step 1(b) of above algo
    for($e = $n - 1; $e > 0; $e--)
    {
        if($arr[$e] < $arr[$e - 1])
        break;
    }

    // step 2(a) of above algo
    $max = $arr[$s];
    $min = $arr[$s];
    for($i = $s + 1; $i <= $e; $i++)
    {
        if($arr[$i] > $max)
            $max = $arr[$i];
        if($arr[$i] < $min)
            $min = $arr[$i];
    }

    // step 2(b) of above algo
    for( $i = 0; $i < $s; $i++)
    {
        if($arr[$i] > $min)
        {
            $s = $i;
            break;
        }
    }

    // step 2(c) of above algo
    for( $i = $n - 1; $i >= $e + 1; $i--)
    {
        if($arr[$i] < $max)
        {
            $e = $i;
            break;
        }
    }

    // step 3 of above algo
    echo " The unsorted subarray which makes " .
                     "the given array " . "\n" .
            " sorted lies between the indees " .
                              $s . " and " . $e;
    return;
}

// Driver code
$arr = array(10, 12, 20, 30, 25, 40,
             32, 31, 35, 50, 60);
$arr_size = sizeof($arr);
printUnsorted($arr, $arr_size);

// This code is contributed
// by ChitraNayal
?>

Javascript

<script>

// Javascript program to find the Minimum length Unsorted Subarray,
// sorting which makes the complete array sorted

    function printUnsorted(arr,n)
    {
        let s = 0, e = n-1, i, max, min;
        // step 1(a) of above algo
        for (s = 0; s < n-1; s++)
        {
            if (arr[s] > arr[s+1])
                break;
        }
        if (s == n-1)
        {
            document.write("The complete array is sorted");
            return;
        }
        // step 1(b) of above algo
        for(e = n - 1; e > 0; e--)
        {
            if(arr[e] < arr[e-1])
                break;
        }
        // step 2(a) of above algo
        max = arr[s]; min = arr[s];
        for(i = s + 1; i <= e; i++)
        {
            if(arr[i] > max)
                max = arr[i];
            if(arr[i] < min)
                min = arr[i];
        }
        // step 2(b) of above algo
        for( i = 0; i < s; i++)
        {
            if(arr[i] > min)
            {
                s = i;
                break;
            }
        }
        // step 2(c) of above algo
        for( i = n -1; i >= e+1; i--)
        {
            if(arr[i] < max)
            {
                e = i;
                break;
            }
        }
        // step 3 of above algo
        document.write(" The unsorted subarray which"+
                         " makes the given array sorted lies"+
                       "  between the indees "+s+" and "+e);
        return;
    }
    let arr=[10, 12, 20, 30, 25, 40, 32, 31, 35, 50, 60];
    let arr_size = arr.length;
    printUnsorted(arr, arr_size);

    // This code is contributed by avanitrachhadiya2155

</script>

Output

The unsorted subarray which makes the given array
sorted lies between the indices 3 and 8

Time Complexity : O(n)
Auxiliary Space : O(1)

Please write comments if you find the above code/algorithm incorrect, or find better ways to solve the same problem.