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Minimum difference between any two primes from the given range

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Given two integers L and R, the task is to find the minimum difference between any two prime numbers in the range [L, R].

Examples: 

Input: L = 21, R = 50 
Output:
(29, 31) and (41, 43) are the only valid pairs 
that give the minimum difference.

Input: L = 1, R = 11 
Output:
The difference between (2, 3) is minimum. 
 

Approach:  

  • Find all the prime numbers upto R using Sieve of Eratosthenes.
  • Now starting from L, find the difference between any two prime numbers within the range and update minimum difference so far.
  • If the number of primes in the range were < 2 then print -1.
  • Else print the minimum difference.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:  

C++14




// C++ implementation of the approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
const int sz = 1e5;
bool isPrime[sz + 1];
 
// Function for Sieve of Eratosthenes
void sieve()
{
    memset(isPrime, true, sizeof(isPrime));
 
    isPrime[0] = isPrime[1] = false;
 
    for (int i = 2; i * i <= sz; i++) {
        if (isPrime[i]) {
            for (int j = i * i; j < sz; j += i) {
                isPrime[j] = false;
            }
        }
    }
}
 
// Function to return the minimum difference
// between any two prime numbers
// from the given range [L, R]
int minDifference(int L, int R)
{
 
    // Find the first prime from the range
    int fst = 0;
    for (int i = L; i <= R; i++) {
 
        if (isPrime[i]) {
            fst = i;
            break;
        }
    }
 
    // Find the second prime from the range
    int snd = 0;
    for (int i = fst + 1; i <= R; i++) {
 
        if (isPrime[i]) {
            snd = i;
            break;
        }
    }
 
    // If the number of primes in
    // the given range is < 2
    if (snd == 0)
        return -1;
 
    // To store the minimum difference between
    // two consecutive primes from the range
    int diff = snd - fst;
 
    // Range left to check for primes
    int left = snd + 1;
    int right = R;
 
    // For every integer in the range
    for (int i = left; i <= right; i++) {
 
        // If the current integer is prime
        if (isPrime[i]) {
 
            // If the difference between i
            // and snd is minimum so far
            if (i - snd <= diff) {
 
                fst = snd;
                snd = i;
                diff = snd - fst;
            }
        }
    }
 
    return diff;
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    // Generate primes
    sieve();
 
    int L = 21, R = 50;
 
    cout << minDifference(L, R);
 
    return 0;
}


Java




// Java implementation of the approach
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG
{
     
static int sz = (int) 1e5;
static boolean []isPrime = new boolean [sz + 1];
 
// Function for Sieve of Eratosthenes
static void sieve()
{
    Arrays.fill(isPrime, true);
 
    isPrime[0] = isPrime[1] = false;
 
    for (int i = 2; i * i <= sz; i++)
    {
        if (isPrime[i])
        {
            for (int j = i * i; j < sz; j += i)
            {
                isPrime[j] = false;
            }
        }
    }
}
 
// Function to return the minimum difference
// between any two prime numbers
// from the given range [L, R]
static int minDifference(int L, int R)
{
 
    // Find the first prime from the range
    int fst = 0;
    for (int i = L; i <= R; i++)
    {
        if (isPrime[i])
        {
            fst = i;
            break;
        }
    }
 
    // Find the second prime from the range
    int snd = 0;
    for (int i = fst + 1; i <= R; i++)
    {
        if (isPrime[i])
        {
            snd = i;
            break;
        }
    }
 
    // If the number of primes in
    // the given range is < 2
    if (snd == 0)
        return -1;
 
    // To store the minimum difference between
    // two consecutive primes from the range
    int diff = snd - fst;
 
    // Range left to check for primes
    int left = snd + 1;
    int right = R;
 
    // For every integer in the range
    for (int i = left; i <= right; i++)
    {
 
        // If the current integer is prime
        if (isPrime[i])
        {
 
            // If the difference between i
            // and snd is minimum so far
            if (i - snd <= diff)
            {
                fst = snd;
                snd = i;
                diff = snd - fst;
            }
        }
    }
    return diff;
}
 
// Driver code
public static void main(String []args)
{
     
    // Generate primes
    sieve();
 
    int L = 21, R = 50;
    System.out.println(minDifference(L, R));
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar


Python3




# Python3 implementation of the approach
from math import sqrt
 
sz = int(1e5);
isPrime = [True] * (sz + 1);
 
# Function for Sieve of Eratosthenes
def sieve() :
 
    isPrime[0] = isPrime[1] = False;
 
    for i in range(2, int(sqrt(sz)) + 1) :
        if (isPrime[i]) :
            for j in range(i * i, sz, i) :
                isPrime[j] = False;
     
# Function to return the minimum difference
# between any two prime numbers
# from the given range [L, R]
def minDifference(L, R) :
 
    # Find the first prime from the range
    fst = 0;
    for i in range(L, R + 1) :
 
        if (isPrime[i]) :
            fst = i;
            break;
 
    # Find the second prime from the range
    snd = 0;
    for i in range(fst + 1, R + 1) :
 
        if (isPrime[i]) :
            snd = i;
            break;
             
    # If the number of primes in
    # the given range is < 2
    if (snd == 0) :
        return -1;
 
    # To store the minimum difference between
    # two consecutive primes from the range
    diff = snd - fst;
 
    # Range left to check for primes
    left = snd + 1;
    right = R;
 
    # For every integer in the range
    for i in range(left, right + 1) :
 
        # If the current integer is prime
        if (isPrime[i]) :
 
            # If the difference between i
            # and snd is minimum so far
            if (i - snd <= diff) :
 
                fst = snd;
                snd = i;
                diff = snd - fst;
 
    return diff;
 
# Driver code
if __name__ == "__main__" :
 
    # Generate primes
    sieve();
 
    L = 21; R = 50;
 
    print(minDifference(L, R));
 
# This code is contributed by AnkitRai01


C#




// C# implementation of the approach
using System;
                     
class GFG
{
     
static int sz = (int) 1e5;
static Boolean []isPrime = new Boolean [sz + 1];
 
// Function for Sieve of Eratosthenes
static void sieve()
{
    for(int i = 2; i< sz + 1; i++)
        isPrime[i] = true;
 
    for (int i = 2; i * i <= sz; i++)
    {
        if (isPrime[i])
        {
            for (int j = i * i; j < sz; j += i)
            {
                isPrime[j] = false;
            }
        }
    }
}
 
// Function to return the minimum difference
// between any two prime numbers
// from the given range [L, R]
static int minDifference(int L, int R)
{
 
    // Find the first prime from the range
    int fst = 0;
    for (int i = L; i <= R; i++)
    {
        if (isPrime[i])
        {
            fst = i;
            break;
        }
    }
 
    // Find the second prime from the range
    int snd = 0;
    for (int i = fst + 1; i <= R; i++)
    {
        if (isPrime[i])
        {
            snd = i;
            break;
        }
    }
 
    // If the number of primes in
    // the given range is < 2
    if (snd == 0)
        return -1;
 
    // To store the minimum difference between
    // two consecutive primes from the range
    int diff = snd - fst;
 
    // Range left to check for primes
    int left = snd + 1;
    int right = R;
 
    // For every integer in the range
    for (int i = left; i <= right; i++)
    {
 
        // If the current integer is prime
        if (isPrime[i])
        {
 
            // If the difference between i
            // and snd is minimum so far
            if (i - snd <= diff)
            {
                fst = snd;
                snd = i;
                diff = snd - fst;
            }
        }
    }
    return diff;
}
 
// Driver code
public static void Main(String []args)
{
     
    // Generate primes
    sieve();
 
    int L = 21, R = 50;
    Console.WriteLine(minDifference(L, R));
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar


Javascript




<script>
 
// Javascript implementation of the approach
const sz = 1e5;
let isPrime = new Array(sz + 1);
 
// Function for Sieve of Eratosthenes
function sieve()
{
    isPrime.fill(true);
    isPrime[0] = isPrime[1] = false;
 
    for(let i = 2; i * i <= sz; i++)
    {
        if (isPrime[i])
        {
            for(let j = i * i; j < sz; j += i)
            {
                isPrime[j] = false;
            }
        }
    }
}
 
// Function to return the minimum difference
// between any two prime numbers
// from the given range [L, R]
function minDifference(L, R)
{
     
    // Find the first prime from the range
    let fst = 0;
    for(let i = L; i <= R; i++)
    {
        if (isPrime[i])
        {
            fst = i;
            break;
        }
    }
 
    // Find the second prime from the range
    let snd = 0;
    for(let i = fst + 1; i <= R; i++)
    {
        if (isPrime[i])
        {
            snd = i;
            break;
        }
    }
 
    // If the number of primes in
    // the given range is < 2
    if (snd == 0)
        return -1;
 
    // To store the minimum difference between
    // two consecutive primes from the range
    let diff = snd - fst;
 
    // Range left to check for primes
    let left = snd + 1;
    let right = R;
 
    // For every integer in the range
    for(let i = left; i <= right; i++)
    {
         
        // If the current integer is prime
        if (isPrime[i])
        {
             
            // If the difference between i
            // and snd is minimum so far
            if (i - snd <= diff)
            {
                fst = snd;
                snd = i;
                diff = snd - fst;
            }
        }
    }
    return diff;
}
 
// Driver code
 
// Generate primes
sieve();
 
let L = 21, R = 50;
 
document.write(minDifference(L, R));
 
// This code is contributed by _saurabh_jaiswal
 
</script>


Output: 

2

 

Time Complexity: O((R – L) + sqrt(105))

Auxiliary Space: O(105)



Last Updated : 08 Mar, 2022
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