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Merge two sets in Java

  • Last Updated : 11 Dec, 2018

Prerequisites : Sets in Java

Following are the various ways to merge two sets in Java:

  1. Double brace Initialization :

    Examples:

    Input : a = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
        b = [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
Output : [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]




    // Java program to demonstrate
    // merging of two sets in Java
    // using Double brace Initialization
    import java.util.stream.*;
    import java.util.*;
    import java.io.*;
      
    public class GfG {
      
        // Function merging two sets using DoubleBrace Initialisation
        public static <T> Set<T> mergeSet(Set<T> a, Set<T> b)
        {
            return new HashSet<T>() {{
                          addAll(a);
                           addAll(b);
            } };
        }
      
        public static void main(String[] args)
        {
      
            // Creating the sets to be merged
            // First set
            Set<Integer> a = new HashSet<Integer>();
            a.addAll(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 }));
      
            // Second set
            Set<Integer> b = new HashSet<Integer>();
            b.addAll(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 }));
      
            // Printing the sets
            System.out.println("Set a: " + a);
            System.out.println("Set b: " + b);
      
            // calling mergeSets()
            System.out.println("Merged Set: " + mergeSet(a, b));
        }
    }
    Output:
    Set a: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
Set b: [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
Merged Set: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

  2. Set addAll() : The addAll() method is provided by the Set interface. It adds the elements passed as parameter at the last of this set.
    • Using user-defined method
      Examples:


      Input : a = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
        b = [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
Output : [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]




      // Java program to demonstrate
      // merging of two sets in Java
      // using SetAll() method
      import java.util.*;
        
      public class GfG {
        
          // Function merging two sets using addAll()
          public static <T> Set<T> mergeSet(Set<T> a, Set<T> b)
          {
        
              // Creating an empty set
              Set<T> mergedSet = new HashSet<T>();
        
              // add the two sets to be merged
              // into the new set
              mergedSet.addAll(a);
              mergedSet.addAll(b);
        
              // returning the merged set
              return mergedSet;
          }
        
          public static void main(String[] args)
          {
        
              // Creating the sets to be merged
              // First set
              Set<Integer> a = new HashSet<Integer>();
              a.addAll(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 }));
        
              // Second set
              Set<Integer> b = new HashSet<Integer>();
              b.addAll(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 }));
        
              // Printing the sets
              System.out.println("Set a: " + a);
              System.out.println("Set b: " + b);
        
              // calling mergeSets()
              System.out.println("Merged Set: " + mergeSet(a, b));
          }
      }
      Output:
      Set a: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
Set b: [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
Merged Set: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

    • Using Java 8 stream in the user defined function
      Examples:
      Input : a = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
        b = [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
Output : [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]




      // Java program to demonstrate
      // merging of two sets in Java
      // using stream
        
      import java.util.stream.*;
      import java.util.*;
      import java.io.*;
        
      public class GfG {
        
          // Function merging two sets using addAll()
          public static <T> Set<T> mergeSet(Set<T> a, Set<T> b)
          {
        
              // Creating a set with 'a'
              Set<T> mergedSet = a.stream()
                                     .collect(Collectors.toSet());
        
              // add the second set to be merged
              mergedSet.addAll(b);
        
              // returning the merged set
              return mergedSet;
          }
        
          public static void main(String[] args)
          {
        
              // Creating the sets to be merged
              // First set
              Set<Integer> a = new HashSet<Integer>();
              a.addAll(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 }));
        
              // Second set
              Set<Integer> b = new HashSet<Integer>();
              b.addAll(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 }));
        
              // Printing the sets
              System.out.println("Set a: " + a);
              System.out.println("Set b: " + b);
        
              // calling mergeSets()
              System.out.println("Merged Set: " + mergeSet(a, b));
          }
      }
      Output:
      Set a: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
Set b: [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
Merged Set: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

  3. Collections.addAll() :
    Examples:
    Input : a = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
        b = [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
Output : [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]




    // Java program to merge two arrays of
    // same type into an Object array.
      
    import java.util.*;
    import java.io.*;
      
    class GFG {
      
        // Function merging two sets using addAll()
        public static Set<Integer> mergeSet(Set<Integer> a, Set<Integer> b)
        {
      
            // Creating an empty set
            Set<Integer> mergedSet = new HashSet<>();
      
            // add the two sets to be merged
            // into the new set
            Collections.addAll(mergedSet, a.toArray(new Integer[0]));
            Collections.addAll(mergedSet, b.toArray(new Integer[0]));
      
            // returning the merged set
            return mergedSet;
        }
      
        public static void main(String[] args)
        {
      
            // Creating the sets to be merged
            // First set
            Set<Integer> a = new HashSet<Integer>();
            a.addAll(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 }));
      
            // Second set
            Set<Integer> b = new HashSet<Integer>();
            b.addAll(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 }));
      
            // Printing the sets
            System.out.println("Set a: " + a);
            System.out.println("Set b: " + b);
      
            // calling mergeSets()
            System.out.println("Merged Set: " + mergeSet(a, b));
        }
    }
    Output:
    Set a: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
Set b: [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
Merged Set: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

  4. Stream.of() + Stream.forEach():
    Examples:
    Input : a = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
        b = [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
Output : [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]




    // Java program to demonstrate
    // merging of two sets in Java
    // using stream
      
    import java.util.stream.*;
    import java.util.*;
    import java.io.*;
      
    public class GfG {
      
        // Function merging two sets
        // using Stream of() and forEach() methods
        public static <T> Set<T> mergeSet(Set<T> a, Set<T> b)
        {
      
            // Creating an empty set
            Set<T> mergedSet = new HashSet<T>();
      
            // add the two sets to be merged
            // into the new set
            Stream.of(a, b).forEach(mergedSet::addAll);
      
            // returning the merged set
            return mergedSet;
        }
      
        public static void main(String[] args)
        {
      
            // Creating the sets to be merged
            // First set
            Set<Integer> a = new HashSet<Integer>();
            a.addAll(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 }));
      
            // Second set
            Set<Integer> b = new HashSet<Integer>();
            b.addAll(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 }));
      
            // Printing the sets
            System.out.println("Set a: " + a);
            System.out.println("Set b: " + b);
      
            // calling mergeSets()
            System.out.println("Merged Set: " + mergeSet(a, b));
        }
    }
    Output:
    Set a: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
Set b: [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
Merged Set: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

  5. Stream.of() + flatMap() + Collector:
    Examples:


    Input : a = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
        b = [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
Output : [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]




    // Java program to demonstrate
    // merging of two sets in Java
    // using stream
      
    import java.util.stream.*;
    import java.util.*;
    import java.io.*;
      
    public class GfG {
      
        // Function merging two sets
        // using Stream of(), flatMap() and Collector
        public static <T> Set<T> mergeSet(Set<T> a, Set<T> b)
        {
      
            // add the two sets to be merged
            // into the new set and
            // return the merged set
            return Stream.of(a, b)
                .flatMap(x -> x.stream())
                .collect(Collectors.toSet());
        }
      
        public static void main(String[] args)
        {
      
            // Creating the sets to be merged
            // First set
            Set<Integer> a = new HashSet<Integer>();
            a.addAll(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 }));
      
            // Second set
            Set<Integer> b = new HashSet<Integer>();
            b.addAll(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 }));
      
            // Printing the sets
            System.out.println("Set a: " + a);
            System.out.println("Set b: " + b);
      
            // calling mergeSets()
            System.out.println("Merged Set: " + mergeSet(a, b));
        }
    }
    Output:
    Set a: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
Set b: [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
Merged Set: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

  6. Stream.concat() + Collector :
    Examples:
    Input : a = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
        b = [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
Output : [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

    The concatenate function is used to merge to string and make a single string that contains both the string. Stream.concat() method creates a lazily concatenated stream whose elements are all the elements of the first stream followed by all the elements of the second stream.



    // Java program to demonstrate
    // merging of two sets in Java
    // using stream
      
    import java.util.stream.*;
    import java.util.*;
    import java.io.*;
      
    public class GfG {
      
        // Function merging two sets
        // using Stream concat() and Collectors
        public static <T> Set<T> mergeSet(Set<T> a, Set<T> b)
        {
      
            // add the two sets to be merged
            // into the new set and
            // return the merged set
            return Stream.concat(a.stream(), b.stream())
                .collect(Collectors.toSet());
        }
      
        public static void main(String[] args)
        {
      
            // Creating the sets to be merged
            // First set
            Set<Integer> a = new HashSet<Integer>();
            a.addAll(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 }));
      
            // Second set
            Set<Integer> b = new HashSet<Integer>();
            b.addAll(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 }));
      
            // Printing the sets
            System.out.println("Set a: " + a);
            System.out.println("Set b: " + b);
      
            // calling mergeSets()
            System.out.println("Merged Set: " + mergeSet(a, b));
        }
    }
    Output:
    Set a: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
Set b: [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
Merged Set: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

  7. Apache Common Collections:
    Examples:
    Input : a = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
        b = [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
Output : [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]




    // Java program to demonstrate
    // merging of two sets in Java
    // using Apache Common Collection
    import org.apache.commons.collections4.SetUtils;
    import java.util.*;
    import java.io.*;
      
    public class GfG {
      
        // Function merging two sets using addAll()
        public static <T> Set<T> mergeSet(Set<T> a, Set<T> b)
        {
      
            // add the two sets to be merged
            // into the new set and
            // return the merged set
            return SetUtils.union(a, b);
        }
      
        public static void main(String[] args)
        {
      
            // Creating the sets to be merged
            // First set
            Set<Integer> a = new HashSet<Integer>();
            a.addAll(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 }));
      
            // Second set
            Set<Integer> b = new HashSet<Integer>();
            b.addAll(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 }));
      
            // Printing the sets
            System.out.println("Set a: " + a);
            System.out.println("Set b: " + b);
      
            // calling mergeSets()
            System.out.println("Merged Set: " + mergeSet(a, b));
        }
    }
    Output:
    Set a: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
Set b: [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
Merged Set: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

  8. Guava Iterables.concat():
    Examples:
    Input : a = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
        b = [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
Output : [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]




    // Java program to demonstrate
    // merging of two sets in Java
    // using Guava library
      
    import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
    import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
    import java.util.*;
    import java.io.*;
      
    public class GfG {
      
        // Function merging two sets
        // using Guava Iterables.concat()
        public static <T> Set<T> mergeSet(Set<T> a, Set<T> b)
        {
      
            // add the two sets to be merged
            // into the new set and
            // return the merged set
            return Sets.newHashSet(Iterables.concat(a, b));
        }
      
        public static void main(String[] args)
        {
      
            // Creating the sets to be merged
            // First set
            Set<Integer> a = new HashSet<Integer>();
            a.addAll(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 }));
      
            // Second set
            Set<Integer> b = new HashSet<Integer>();
            b.addAll(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 }));
      
            // Printing the sets
            System.out.println("Set a: " + a);
            System.out.println("Set b: " + b);
      
            // calling mergeSets()
            System.out.println("Merged Set: " + mergeSet(a, b));
        }
    }
    Output:
    Set a: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
Set b: [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
Merged Set: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

Note : Any duplicate element presents in the sets will be discarded during the merge in all the above methods.
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Article Contributed By :
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VipinKashyap
@VipinKashyap
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