Mean, Median and Mode in R Programming
The measure of central tendency in R Language represents the whole set of data by a single value. It gives us the location of central points. There are three main measures of central tendency:
- Mean
- Median
- Mode
Prerequisite:
Before doing any computation, first of all, we need to prepare our data, save our data in external .txt or .csv files and it’s a best practice to save the file in the current directory. After that import, your data into R as follow:
Get the CSV file here.
R
# R program to import data into R # Import the data using read.csv() myData = read.csv ( "CardioGoodFitness.csv" , stringsAsFactors=F) # Print the first 6 rows print ( head (myData)) |
Output:
Product Age Gender Education MaritalStatus Usage Fitness Income Miles 1 TM195 18 Male 14 Single 3 4 29562 112 2 TM195 19 Male 15 Single 2 3 31836 75 3 TM195 19 Female 14 Partnered 4 3 30699 66 4 TM195 19 Male 12 Single 3 3 32973 85 5 TM195 20 Male 13 Partnered 4 2 35247 47 6 TM195 20 Female 14 Partnered 3 3 32973 66
Mean in R Programming Language
It is the sum of observations divided by the total number of observations. It is also defined as average which is the sum divided by count.
Where, n = number of terms
Example:
R
# R program to illustrate # Descriptive Analysis # Import the data using read.csv() myData = read.csv ( "CardioGoodFitness.csv" , stringsAsFactors=F) # Compute the mean value mean = mean (myData$Age) print (mean) |
Output:
[1] 28.78889
Median in R Programming Language
It is the middle value of the data set. It splits the data into two halves. If the number of elements in the data set is odd then the center element is median and if it is even then the median would be the average of two central elements.
Where n = number of terms
Syntax: median(x, na.rm = False)
Where, X is a vector and na.rm is used to remove missing value
Example:
R
# R program to illustrate # Descriptive Analysis # Import the data using read.csv() myData = read.csv ( "CardioGoodFitness.csv" , stringsAsFactors=F) # Compute the median value median = median (myData$Age) print (median) |
Output:
[1] 26
Mode in R Programming Language
It is the value that has the highest frequency in the given data set. The data set may have no mode if the frequency of all data points is the same. Also, we can have more than one mode if we encounter two or more data points having the same frequency. There is no inbuilt function for finding mode in R, so we can create our own function for finding the mode or we can use the package called modeest.
Creating user-defined function for finding Mode
There is no in-built function for finding mode in R. So let’s create a user-defined function that will return the mode of the data passed. We will be using the table() method for this as it creates a categorical representation of data with the variable names and the frequency in the form of a table. We will sort the column Age column in descending order and will return the 1 value from the sorted values.
Example: Finding mode by sorting the column of the dataframe
R
# Import the data using read.csv() myData = read.csv ( "CardioGoodFitness.csv" , stringsAsFactors=F) mode = function (){ return ( sort (- table (myData$Age))[1]) } mode () |
Output:
25: -25
Using Modeest Package
We can use the modeest package of the R. This package provides methods to find the mode of the univariate data and the mode of the usual probability distribution.
Example:
R
# R program to illustrate # Descriptive Analysis # Import the library library (modeest) # Import the data using read.csv() myData = read.csv ( "CardioGoodFitness.csv" , stringsAsFactors=F) # Compute the mode value mode = mfv (myData$Age) print (mode) |
Output:
[1] 25
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