MCQ of Important Discoveries and Invention

Inventions improve and better our daily lives in many ways. They help to finish our tasks easier, entertain us, improve our knowledge of the world, and even save lives. This article helps aspirants clarify many competitive exams such as SSC, Banking, Railway, TET, and PGT exams. 

Que 1. Who suggested that “everyone has a specific blood group”?
(a) Louis Pasteur
(b) Mendel
(c)  Darwin
(d) Landsteiner

Ans -(d) Landsteiner

Explanation
Karl Landsteiner suggested that “everyone has a specific blood group”.

Que 2. Who was the Polio Vaccine’s discoverer?
(a)  Darwin
(b) Jonas Salk
(c)  Louis Pasteur
(d)  Eli Whitney

Ans-(b) Jonas Salk

Explanation
Polio, an infectious disease caused by a virus that presents in the throat and intestinal tract, was once the leading cause of disability in the U.S. An inactivated (killed) polio vaccine (IPV) was discovered by Dr. Jonas Salk and was first used in the year 1955. 

Que 3. Who is the bacteriology founder?
(a) Robert Koch
(b) Louis Pasteur
(c) Edward Jenner
(d) Landsteiner

Ans-(b) Louis Pasteur

Explanation
Louis Pasteur is the founder of modern bacteriology.

Que 4. Who discovered the TB antibiotic “streptomycin”?
(a) Joseph Lagrange
(b) Selman Waksman
(c)  Linda Buck
(d) James Croll

Ans-(b) Selman Waksman

Explanation
Selman Waksman was a microbiologist, biochemist, scientist, and inventor. He developed and discovered streptomycin and numerous other antibiotics.

Que 5. Who invented hybridoma technology for the first time?
(a) Landsteiner
(b) Fire and Mello
(c) Kohler and Milstein
(d) D’Herelle

Ans-(c) Kohler and Milstein

Explanation
Köhler and Cesar Milstein in the year 1975 introduced the so-called hybridoma technology method for the production of nonclonal antibodies. A hybrid cell is produced by the combination of an antibody-producing lymphocyte with a tumor cell and is used to culture constantly a particular monoclonal antibody.

Que 6.  Which one of the following scientists invented the first antibiotic?
(a) Alexander Fleming
(b) W Fleming
(c) Louis Pasteur
(d) C Waksman

Ans-(a) Alexander Fleming

Explanation
Alexander Fleming discovered the world’s first antibiotic that is benzylpenicillin is also known as Penicillin G, from the mold Penicillium notatum in the year 1928. 

Que 7. When did Robert Koch receive the Nobel prize for his work on isolating the tuberculosis bacterium?
(a) 1905
(b) 1906
(c) 1907
(d) 1910

Ans -(a) 1905

Explanation
Koch made a statement released that the tuberculosis pathogen had been discovered on March 24 at Berlin Institute for Physiology. Robert Koch is recognized for isolating the TB bacteria, which was responsible for many fatalities in the middle of the 19th century. For his efforts, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in the year 1905.

Que 8. Who is the founder of Bacteria?
(a) Robert Koch
(b) Louis Pasteur
(c) Antonia Van Leeuwenhoek
(d) A.Fleming

Ans-(c) Antonia Van Leeuwenhoek

Explanation
Leeuwenhoek is universally acknowledged as the father of microbiology. He discovered both protists and bacteria.

Que 9. Who has authored the book “Anatomical Study of the Motion of the Heart and of the Blood in Animals”?
(a) William Harvey 
(b) James Watson and Francis Crick
(c) Robert Hooke
(d) Louis Pasteur

Ans-(a) William Harvey 

Explanation

William Harvey authored the book “Anatomical Study of the Motion of the Heart and of the Blood in Animals”. He published this book in the year 1628. William Harvey was a British doctor. He has also founded valves in veins and determined that blood can only move in specific directions in the body.

Que 10. Who discovered the double helix structure of DNA?
(a) Louis Pasteur
(b) James Watson and Francis Crick
(c) Robert Hooke
(d) All of the Above

Ans-(b) James Watson and Francis Crick

Explanation
American biologists James Watson and physicist Francis Crick discovered the double helix structure of DNA in the year the 1950s.

Qus11. Which biologist has discovered the word cell?
(a) Robert Hooke
(b) Robert Brown
(c) Louis Pasteur
(d) None of these

Ans-(a) Robert Hooke

Explanation
Robert Hooke initially defined the term “cell” in his book “Micrographia” in 1665.
A cell is a basic structural & functional unit of life of all existing living organisms. 

Que 12. Who was the father of DNA fingerprinting in India?
(a) Sir Alec John Jeffreys
(b) R. Mishra
(c) Susruta
(d) Lalji Singh

Ans-(d) Lalji Singh

Explanation
DNA fingerprinting is a technique that can be seen in the genetic makeup of living things.

Que 13. Which one of the following scientists discovered insulin?
(a) S.A. Waksman
(b) Frederick Banting
(c) Ronald Ross
(d) Edward Jenner

Ans-(b) Frederick Banting

Explanation
One of the major insulin discoverers, is a Canadian physician, Nobel laureate, and medical scientist, Frederick Banting.
The youngest recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine to date, Banting and John James Rickard Macleod won the prize in the year 1923.

Que 14. Which one of the following instrument is used to measure the density of milk?
(a) Polarimeter
(b) Glactometer
(c) Calciometer
(d) Lactometer

Answer: (d) Lactometer

Explanation
A lactometer is an instrument that is used to check the purity of milk by measuring its density. It is also used to measure the gravity of milk. Lactometer is a small glass instrument that is used the quantity and amount of water in the milk.

Que 15. How many DNA molecules are there in each chromosome?
(a) One 
(b) Two
(c) Ten
(d) Infinite

Ans-(a) One

Explanation
A single chromosome contains only one DNA molecule and so many genes.
In the nucleus of the cell, the DNA molecule is covered in thread-like structures known as chromosomes.

Que 16. In which year the word Cell was used?
(a) 1665
(b) 1666
(c) 1667
(d) 1668 

Ans-(a) 1665

Explanation
Robert Hooke first discovered the cell in the year 1665. 
Robert Hooke was an English scientist who founded the term cell for the honeycomb structures seen in cork slices.

Que 17. The concept of ‘Ecological Transition’ was first used by whom?
(a) Elton
(b) Bennett 
(c) Berkeley
(d) Ratzel

Ans-(b) Bennett

Explanation

“Ecological transition” is a technical phrase in ecology that explained a change to a different ecosystem or an ecotone (ecological transition zone, also described as a “fringe” by laypeople). Both seem to relate to the notion of achieving a sustainable planet.
In 1976, John Bennett introduced the idea of “Ecological Transition.”

Que 18. Into how many groups are plants divided?
(a) 6
(b) 7
(c) 5 
(d) 4

Ans-(c) 5

Explanation :
Kingdom Plantae (Plant Kingdom) can be divided into 5 groups.

1. Thallophyta
2. Bryophyta
3. Pteridophyta
4. Gymnosperms
5. Angiosperms

Que 19. Who among the following invented the vaccine for smallpox?
(a) Robert Koch
(b) Edward Jenner
(c) Robert Hooke
(d) Louis Pasteur

Ans – (b) Edward Jenner

Explanation
The smallpox vaccine was the first successful vaccine to be developed by Edward Jenner in the year 1796. 

Que 20. By what name is the research on the blood circulatory system known?
(a)  Angiology
(b) Cardiology
(c)  Hematology
(d) Osteology

Ans-(a) Angiology

Explanation
Blood circulatory system research is known as Angiology.
The medical term “angiology” refers to the study of diseases affecting the lymphatic and circulatory systems, including arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels.