Maximum value obtained by performing given operations in an Array

Difficulty Level : Medium
Last Updated : 05 May, 2021

Given an array arr[], the task is to find out the maximum obtainable value. The user is allowed to add or multiply the two consecutive elements. However, there has to be at least one addition operation between two multiplication operations (i.e), two consecutive multiplication operations are not allowed.
Let the array elements be 1, 2, 3, 4 then 1 * 2 + 3 + 4 is a valid operation whereas 1 + 2 * 3 * 4 is not a a valid operation as there are consecutive multiplication operations.
Examples:

Input : 5 -1 -5 -3 2 9 -4
Output : 33
Explanation:
The maximum value obtained by following the above conditions is 33. 
The sequence of operations are given as:
5 + (-1) + (-5) * (-3) + 2 * 9 + (-4) = 33

Input : 5 -3 -5 2 3 9 4
Output : 62

Approach:
This problem can be solved by using dynamic programming.

Assuming 2D array dp[][] of dimensions n * 2.
dp[i][0] represents the maximum value of the array up to ith position if the last operation is addition.
dp[i][1] represents the maximum value of the array up to ith position if the last operation is multiplication.

Now, since consecutive multiplication operation is not allowed, the recurrence relation can be considered as :

dp[i][0] = max(dp[ i - 1][0], dp[ i - 1][1]) + a[ i + 1];
dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][0] - a[i] + a[i] * a[i + 1];

The base cases are:

dp[0][0] = a[0] + a[1];
dp[0][1] = a[0] * a[1];

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ implementation of the above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// A function to calculate the maximum value
void findMax(int a[], int n)
{
    int dp[n][2];
    memset(dp, 0, sizeof(dp));
     
    // basecases
    dp[0][0] = a[0] + a[1];
    dp[0][1] = a[0] * a[1];
    
    //Loop to iterate and add the max value in the dp array
    for (int i = 1; i <= n - 2; i++) {
        dp[i][0] = max(dp[i - 1][0], dp[i - 1][1]) + a[i + 1];
        dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][0] - a[i] + a[i] * a[i + 1];
    }
 
    cout << max(dp[n - 2][0], dp[n - 2][1]);
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int arr[] = { 5, -1, -5, -3, 2, 9, -4 };
    findMax(arr, 7);
}

Java

// Java implementation of the above approach
class GFG
{
     
    // A function to calculate the maximum value
    static void findMax(int []a, int n)
    {
        int dp[][] = new int[n][2];
        int i, j;
         
        for (i = 0; i < n ; i++)
            for(j = 0; j < 2; j++)
                dp[i][j] = 0;
 
        // basecases
        dp[0][0] = a[0] + a[1];
        dp[0][1] = a[0] * a[1];
         
        // Loop to iterate and add the
        // max value in the dp array
        for (i = 1; i <= n - 2; i++)
        {
            dp[i][0] = Math.max(dp[i - 1][0],
                                dp[i - 1][1]) + a[i + 1];
            dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][0] - a[i] +
                        a[i] * a[i + 1];
        }
     
        System.out.println(Math.max(dp[n - 2][0],
                                    dp[n - 2][1]));
    }
     
    // Driver Code
    public static void main (String[] args)
    {
        int arr[] = { 5, -1, -5, -3, 2, 9, -4 };
        findMax(arr, 7);
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by AnkitRai01

Python3

# Python3 implementation of the above approach
import numpy as np
 
# A function to calculate the maximum value
def findMax(a, n) :
 
    dp = np.zeros((n, 2));
     
    # basecases
    dp[0][0] = a[0] + a[1];
    dp[0][1] = a[0] * a[1];
     
    # Loop to iterate and add the max value in the dp array
    for i in range(1, n - 1) :
        dp[i][0] = max(dp[i - 1][0], dp[i - 1][1]) + a[i + 1];
        dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][0] - a[i] + a[i] * a[i + 1];
 
    print(max(dp[n - 2][0], dp[n - 2][1]), end ="");
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == "__main__" :
 
    arr = [ 5, -1, -5, -3, 2, 9, -4 ];
    findMax(arr, 7);
     
# This code is contributed by AnkitRai01

C#

// C# implementation of the above approach
using System;
 
class GFG
{
     
    // A function to calculate the maximum value
    static void findMax(int []a, int n)
    {
        int [,]dp = new int[n, 2];
        int i, j;
         
        for (i = 0; i < n ; i++)
            for(j = 0; j < 2; j++)
                dp[i, j] = 0;
 
        // basecases
        dp[0, 0] = a[0] + a[1];
        dp[0, 1] = a[0] * a[1];
         
        // Loop to iterate and add the
        // max value in the dp array
        for (i = 1; i <= n - 2; i++)
        {
            dp[i, 0] = Math.Max(dp[i - 1, 0], dp[i - 1, 1]) + a[i + 1];
                                 
            dp[i, 1] = dp[i - 1, 0] - a[i] + a[i] * a[i + 1];
        }
     
        Console.WriteLine(Math.Max(dp[n - 2, 0], dp[n - 2, 1]));
    }
     
    // Driver Code
    public static void Main()
    {
        int []arr = { 5, -1, -5, -3, 2, 9, -4 };
        findMax(arr, 7);
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by AnkitRai01

Javascript

<script>
// javascript implementation of the above approach
// A function to calculate the maximum value
    function findMax(a , n) {
        var dp = Array(n).fill().map(()=>Array(2).fill(0));
        var i, j;
 
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
            for (j = 0; j < 2; j++)
                dp[i][j] = 0;
 
        // basecases
        dp[0][0] = a[0] + a[1];
        dp[0][1] = a[0] * a[1];
 
        // Loop to iterate and add the
        // max value in the dp array
        for (i = 1; i <= n - 2; i++) {
            dp[i][0] = Math.max(dp[i - 1][0], dp[i - 1][1]) + a[i + 1];
            dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][0] - a[i] + a[i] * a[i + 1];
        }
 
        document.write(Math.max(dp[n - 2][0], dp[n - 2][1]));
    }
 
    // Driver Code
     
        var arr = [ 5, -1, -5, -3, 2, 9, -4 ];
        findMax(arr, 7);
 
// This code contributed by Rajput-Ji
</script>

Output:

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Maximum value obtained by performing given operations in an Array

C++

Java

Python3

C#

Javascript

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