Maximum sum alternating subsequence

Given an array, the task is to find sum of maximum sum alternating subsequence starting with first element. Here alternating sequence means first decreasing, then increasing, then decreasing, … For example 10, 5, 14, 3 is an alternating sequence. 
Note that the reverse type of sequence (increasing – decreasing – increasing -…) is not considered alternating here.
Examples:

Input :  arr[] = {4, 3, 8, 5, 3, 8}  
Output :  28
Explanation:
The alternating subsequence (starting with first element) 
that has above maximum sum is {4, 3, 8, 5, 8}

Input : arr[] = {4, 8, 2, 5, 6, 8} 
Output :  14
The alternating subsequence (starting with first element) 
that has above maximum sum is {4, 2, 8}

This problem is similar to Longest Increasing Subsequence (LIS) problem. and can be solved using Dynamic Programming.

Create two empty array that store result of maximum
sum  of alternate sub-sequence
inc[] : inc[i] stores results of maximum sum alternating
        subsequence ending with arr[i] such that arr[i]
        is greater than previous element of the subsequence 
dec[] : dec[i] stores results of maximum sum alternating
        subsequence ending with arr[i] such that arr[i]
        is less than previous element of the subsequence 

Include first element of 'arr' in both inc[] and dec[] 
inc[0] = dec[0] = arr[0]

// Maintain a flag i.e. it will makes the greater
// elements count only if the first decreasing element
// is counted.
flag  = 0 

Traversal two loops
  i goes from 1 to  n-1 
    j goes 0 to i-1
      IF arr[j] > arr[i]
        dec[i] = max(dec[i], inc[j] + arr[i])
    
        // Denotes first decreasing is found
        flag = 1 
  
      ELSE IF arr[j] < arr[i] && flag == 1 
        inc[i] = max(inc[i], dec[j]+arr[i]);
     
Final Last Find maximum value inc[] and dec[] .

Below is implementation of above idea.
 Note:- For the case where the first element of the array is the smallest element in the array. The output will be the first element only. This is an edge case that need to be checked. Taking a variable and initializing it with the first value of the array and then comparing it with other values will find the min. Check if the min is equal to arr[0]. If it is true then arr[0] is to be returned, because there is no decreasing step available to find an alternating subsequence.

C++

// C++ program to find sum of maximum
// sum alternating sequence starting with
// first element.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Return sum of maximum sum alternating
// sequence starting with arr[0] and is first
// decreasing.
int maxAlternateSum(int arr[], int n)
{
    if (n == 1)
        return arr[0];
    // handling the edge case
    int min = arr[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
        if (min > arr[i])
            min = arr[i];
    }
    if (min == arr[0]) {
        return arr[0];
    }
    // create two empty array that store result of
    // maximum sum of alternate sub-sequence

    // stores sum of decreasing and increasing
    // sub-sequence
    int dec[n];
    memset(dec, 0, sizeof(dec));

    // store sum of increasing and decreasing sub-sequence
    int inc[n];
    memset(inc, 0, sizeof(inc));

    // As per question, first element must be part
    // of solution.
    dec[0] = inc[0] = arr[0];

    int flag = 0;

    // Traverse remaining elements of array
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
            // IF current sub-sequence is decreasing the
            // update dec[j] if needed. dec[i] by current
            // inc[j] + arr[i]
            if (arr[j] > arr[i]) {
                dec[i] = max(dec[i], inc[j] + arr[i]);

                // Revert the flag , if first decreasing
                // is found
                flag = 1;
            }

            // If next element is greater but flag should be
            // 1 i.e. this element should be counted after
            // the first decreasing element gets counted
            else if (arr[j] < arr[i] && flag == 1)

                // If current sub-sequence is increasing
                // then update inc[i]
                inc[i] = max(inc[i], dec[j] + arr[i]);
        }
    }

    // find maximum sum in b/w inc[] and dec[]
    int result = INT_MIN;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (result < inc[i])
            result = inc[i];
        if (result < dec[i])
            result = dec[i];
    }

    // return maximum sum alternate sub-sequence
    return result;
}

// Driver program
int main()
{
    int arr[] = { 8, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10 };
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    cout << "Maximum sum = " << maxAlternateSum(arr, n)
         << endl;
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to find sum of maximum
// sum alternating sequence starting with
// first element.

public class GFG {
    // Return sum of maximum sum alternating
    // sequence starting with arr[0] and is first
    // decreasing.
    static int maxAlternateSum(int arr[], int n)
    {
        if (n == 1)
            return arr[0];
        // handling the edge case
        int min = arr[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
            if (min > arr[i])
                min = arr[i];
        }
        if (min == arr[0]) {
            return arr[0];
        }
        // create two empty array that store result of
        // maximum sum of alternate sub-sequence

        // stores sum of decreasing and increasing
        // sub-sequence
        int dec[] = new int[n];

        // store sum of increasing and decreasing
        // sub-sequence
        int inc[] = new int[n];

        // As per question, first element must be part
        // of solution.
        dec[0] = inc[0] = arr[0];

        int flag = 0;

        // Traverse remaining elements of array
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
                // IF current sub-sequence is decreasing the
                // update dec[j] if needed. dec[i] by
                // current inc[j] + arr[i]
                if (arr[j] > arr[i]) {
                    dec[i]
                        = Math.max(dec[i], inc[j] + arr[i]);

                    // Revert the flag , if first decreasing
                    // is found
                    flag = 1;
                }

                // If next element is greater but flag
                // should be 1 i.e. this element should be
                // counted after the first decreasing
                // element gets counted
                else if (arr[j] < arr[i] && flag == 1)

                    // If current sub-sequence is increasing
                    // then update inc[i]
                    inc[i]
                        = Math.max(inc[i], dec[j] + arr[i]);
            }
        }

        // find maximum sum in b/w inc[] and dec[]
        int result = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (result < inc[i])
                result = inc[i];
            if (result < dec[i])
                result = dec[i];
        }

        // return maximum sum alternate sub-sequence
        return result;
    }

    // Driver Method
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int arr[] = { 8, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10 };
        System.out.println(
            "Maximum sum = "
            + maxAlternateSum(arr, arr.length));
    }
}

Python3

# Python3 program to find sum of maximum
# sum alternating sequence starting with
# first element.

# Return sum of maximum sum alternating
# sequence starting with arr[0] and is
# first decreasing.


def maxAlternateSum(arr, n):

    if (n == 1):
        return arr[0]
    min = arr[0]
    for i in range(1, n):
        if(min > arr[i]):
            min = arr[i]
    if(arr[0] == min):
        return arr[0]
    # Create two empty array that
    # store result of maximum sum
    # of alternate sub-sequence

    # Stores sum of decreasing and
    # increasing sub-sequence
    dec = [0 for i in range(n + 1)]

    # store sum of increasing and
    # decreasing sub-sequence
    inc = [0 for i in range(n + 1)]

    # As per question, first element
    # must be part of solution.
    dec[0] = inc[0] = arr[0]

    flag = 0

    # Traverse remaining elements of array
    for i in range(1, n):

        for j in range(i):

            # IF current sub-sequence is decreasing the
            # update dec[j] if needed. dec[i] by current
            # inc[j] + arr[i]
            if (arr[j] > arr[i]):

                dec[i] = max(dec[i], inc[j] + arr[i])

                # Revert the flag, if first
                # decreasing is found
                flag = 1

            # If next element is greater but flag should be 1
            # i.e. this element should be counted after the
            # first decreasing element gets counted
            else if (arr[j] < arr[i] and flag == 1):

                # If current sub-sequence is
                # increasing then update inc[i]
                inc[i] = max(inc[i], dec[j] + arr[i])

    # Find maximum sum in b/w inc[] and dec[]
    result = -2147483648
    for i in range(n):

        if (result < inc[i]):
            result = inc[i]
        if (result < dec[i]):
            result = dec[i]

    # Return maximum sum
    # alternate sub-sequence
    return result


# Driver program
arr = [8, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10]
n = len(arr)
print("Maximum sum = ",
      maxAlternateSum(arr, n))

# This code is contributed by Anant Agarwal.

C#

// C# program to find sum of maximum
// sum alternating sequence starting with
// first element.
using System;
class GFG {

    // Return sum of maximum
    // sum alternating
    // sequence starting with
    // arr[0] and is first
    // decreasing.
    static int maxAlternateSum(int[] arr, int n)
    {
        if (n == 1)
            return arr[0];
        // handling the edge case
        int min = arr[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
            if (min > arr[i])
                min = arr[i];
        }
        if (min == arr[0]) {
            return arr[0];
        }
        // create two empty array that
        // store result of maximum sum
        // of alternate sub-sequence
        // stores sum of decreasing
        // and increasing sub-sequence
        int[] dec = new int[n];

        // store sum of increasing and
        // decreasing sub-sequence
        int[] inc = new int[n];

        // As per question, first
        // element must be part
        // of solution.
        dec[0] = inc[0] = arr[0];

        int flag = 0;

        // Traverse remaining elements of array
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {

                // IF current sub-sequence
                // is decreasing the
                // update dec[j] if needed.
                // dec[i] by current
                // inc[j] + arr[i]
                if (arr[j] > arr[i]) {
                    dec[i]
                        = Math.Max(dec[i], inc[j] + arr[i]);

                    // Revert the flag , if
                    // first decreasing
                    // is found
                    flag = 1;
                }

                // If next element is greater
                // but flag should be 1
                // i.e. this element should
                // be counted after the
                // first decreasing element
                // gets counted
                else if (arr[j] < arr[i] && flag == 1)

                    // If current sub-sequence
                    // is increasing then update
                    // inc[i]
                    inc[i]
                        = Math.Max(inc[i], dec[j] + arr[i]);
            }
        }

        // find maximum sum in b/w
        // inc[] and dec[]
        int result = int.MinValue;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (result < inc[i])
                result = inc[i];
            if (result < dec[i])
                result = dec[i];
        }

        // return maximum sum
        // alternate sub-sequence
        return result;
    }

    // Driver Method
    public static void Main()
    {
        int[] arr = { 8, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10 };
        Console.Write("Maximum sum = "
                      + maxAlternateSum(arr, arr.Length));
    }
}

// This code is contributed by Nitin Mittal.

PHP

<?php
// PHP program to find sum of maximum
// sum alternating sequence starting
// with first element.

// Return sum of maximum sum alternating
// sequence starting with arr[0] and is
// first decreasing.
function maxAlternateSum($arr, $n)
{
    if ($n == 1)
        return $arr[0];
    $min = $arr[0];
     for ($i = 1; $i < $n; $i++)
    { $min = max($min,$arr[$i]);}
  if($arr[0]==$min)
    return $arr[0];
    // create two empty array that store result
    // of maximum sum of alternate sub-sequence

    // stores sum of decreasing and
    // increasing sub-sequence
    $dec = array_fill(0, $n, 0);

    // store sum of increasing and
    // decreasing sub-sequence
    $inc = array_fill(0, $n, 0);

    // As per question, first element
    // must be part of solution.
    $dec[0] = $inc[0] = $arr[0];

    $flag = 0;

    // Traverse remaining elements of array
    for ($i = 1; $i < $n; $i++)
    {
        for ($j = 0; $j < $i; $j++)
        {
            // IF current sub-sequence is decreasing
            // the update dec[j] if needed. dec[i]
            // by current inc[j] + arr[i]
            if ($arr[$j] > $arr[$i])
            {
                $dec[$i] = max($dec[$i], $inc[$j] +
                                         $arr[$i]);

                // Revert the flag , if first
                // decreasing is found
                $flag = 1;
            }

            // If next element is greater but flag
            // should be 1 i.e. this element should
            // be counted after the first decreasing
            // element gets counted
            else if ($arr[$j] < $arr[$i] && $flag == 1)

                // If current sub-sequence is increasing
                // then update inc[i]
                $inc[$i] = max($inc[$i], $dec[$j] +
                                         $arr[$i]);
        }
    }

    // find maximum sum in b/w inc[] and dec[]
    $result = -(PHP_INT_MAX - 1);
    for ($i = 0 ; $i < $n; $i++)
    {
        if ($result < $inc[$i])
            $result = $inc[$i];
        if ($result < $dec[$i])
            $result = $dec[$i];
    }

    // return maximum sum alternate sub-sequence
    return $result;
}

// Driver Code
$arr = array(8, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10);
$n = sizeof($arr);
echo "Maximum sum = ",
      maxAlternateSum($arr, $n );

// This code is contributed by Ryuga
?>

Javascript

<script>

    // JavaScript program to find sum of maximum
    // sum alternating sequence starting with
    // first element.

    // Return sum of maximum sum alternating
    // sequence starting with arr[0] and is first
    // decreasing.
    function maxAlternateSum(arr, n)
    {
        if (n == 1)
            return arr[0];

        //handling the edge case
        int min = arr[0];
        for (int i=1; i<n; i++){
        if (min>arr[i])
          min = arr[i];
        }
        if (min==arr[0]){
         return arr[0];
         }

       // create two empty array that store result of
       // maximum sum of alternate sub-sequence

        // stores sum of decreasing and increasing
        // sub-sequence
        let dec = new Array(n);
        dec.fill(0);


        // store sum of increasing and decreasing sub-sequence
        let inc = new Array(n);
        inc.fill(0);

        // As per question, first element must be part
        // of solution.
        dec[0] = inc[0] = arr[0];

        let flag = 0 ;

        // Traverse remaining elements of array
        for (let i=1; i<n; i++)
        {
            for (let j=0; j<i; j++)
            {
                // IF current sub-sequence is decreasing the
                // update dec[j] if needed. dec[i] by current
                // inc[j] + arr[i]
                if (arr[j] > arr[i])
                {
                    dec[i] = Math.max(dec[i], inc[j]+arr[i]);

                    // Revert the flag , if first decreasing
                    // is found
                    flag = 1;
                }

                // If next element is greater but flag should be 1
                // i.e. this element should be counted after the
                // first decreasing element gets counted
                else if (arr[j] < arr[i] && flag == 1)

                    // If current sub-sequence is increasing
                    // then update inc[i]
                    inc[i] = Math.max(inc[i], dec[j]+arr[i]);
            }
        }

        // find maximum sum in b/w inc[] and dec[]
        let result = Number.MIN_VALUE;
        for (let i = 0 ; i < n; i++)
        {
            if (result < inc[i])
                result = inc[i];
            if (result < dec[i])
                result = dec[i];
        }

        // return maximum sum alternate sub-sequence
        return result;
    }

    let arr = [8, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10];
    document.write("Maximum sum = " +
                       maxAlternateSum(arr , arr.length));

</script>

Output

Maximum sum = 25

Time Complexity : O(n²) 
Auxiliary Space : O(n)
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