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Maximum number of Unique integers in Sub-Array of given size

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Given an array of N integers and a number M. The task is to find out the maximum number of unique integers among all possible contiguous subarrays of size M.

Examples

Input : arr[] = {5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 2}, M = 3 
Output : 3 
Explanation
In the sample test case, there are 4 subarrays of size 3. 
s1 = (5, 3, 5)- Has 2 unique numbers. 
s2 = (3, 5, 2)- Has 3 unique numbers. 
s3 = (5, 2, 3)- Has 3 unique numbers. 
s4 = (2, 3, 2)- Has 2 unique numbers. 
In these subarrays, there are 2, 3, 3, 2 unique numbers, respectively. 
The maximum amount of unique numbers among all possible contiguous subarrays is 3.

Input : arr[] = {5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5}, M = 3 
Output : 1 
 

Naive Approach

  1. Generate all subarrays of size M.
  2. Count unique number for each subarray. 
    • Check whether it is greater than the previous maximum unique number or not, if yes, replace it with the previous maximum unique number.
  3. Continue until we generate all possible subarrays.

Below is the implementation of the above approach: 

C++




// A C++ programme to find maximum distinct elements
// in a subarray of size k
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
//Function to find maximum unique element in
//a subarray of size k
int maxUniqueNum(int a[],int N,int M)
{
    int maxUnique=0;
    //search every subarray of size k
    //and find how many unique element present
    for(int i=0;i<=N-M;i++)
    {
        //create an empty set to store the unique elements
        set<int> s;
        for(int j=0;j<M;j++)
        {
            //insert all elements
            //duplicate elements are not stored in set
            s.insert(a[i+j]);
        }
        //update the maxUnique
        if(s.size()>maxUnique)
        {
            maxUnique=s.size();
        }
    }
    return maxUnique;
}
     
int main()
{
    int arr[] = {5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 2};
    int M=3,N=sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
    cout<<maxUniqueNum(arr,N,M)<<endl;
     
}


Java




// Java Program to find maximum number of
// Unique integers in Sub-Array
// of given size
 
import java.util.*;
class GFG {
 
    // Function to find maximum number of
    // Unique integers in Sub-Array
    // of given size
    public static int maxUniqueNum(int arr[],
                                   int N, int M)
    {
        int maxUnique = 0;
 
        // Generate all subarrays of size M
        for (int i = 0; i <= N - M; i++) {
            int currentUnique = 0;
 
            HashMap<Integer, Integer> map = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
 
            for (int k = i; k < i + M; k++) {
 
                // if the key is new to the map,
                // push the key in map and increment
                // count for unique number
                if (!map.containsKey(arr[k])) {
                    map.put(arr[i], 1);
                    currentUnique++;
                }
            }
 
            if (currentUnique > maxUnique)
                maxUnique = currentUnique;
        }
 
        return maxUnique;
    }
 
    // Driver Code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int[] arr = { 5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 2 };
        int N = 6;
 
        int M = 3;
 
        System.out.println(maxUniqueNum(arr, N, M));
    }
}


Python3




# A python3 programme to find maximum
# distinct elements in a subarray of size k
 
# Function to find maximum unique
# element in a subarray of size k
def maxUniqueNum(a, N, M):
    maxUnique = 0
     
    # search every subarray of size k and
    # find how many unique element present
    for i in range(N - M + 1):
         
        # create an empty set to store
        # the unique elements
        s = set()
 
        for j in range(M):
            # insert all elements
            # duplicate elements are not
            # stored in set
            s.add(a[i + j])
         
        # update the maxUnique
        if(len(s) > maxUnique):
            maxUnique = len(s)
     
    return maxUnique
 
# Driver Code   
if __name__ == '__main__':
    arr = [5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 2]
    M = 3
    N = len(arr)
    print(maxUniqueNum(arr, N, M))
 
# This code is contributed by
# Sanjit_Prasad


C#




// C# Program to find maximum number of
// Unique integers in Sub-Array
// of given size
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
class GFG
{
 
    // Function to find maximum number of
    // Unique integers in Sub-Array
    // of given size
    public static int maxUniqueNum(int []arr,
                                int N, int M)
    {
        int maxUnique = 0;
        // Generate all subarrays of size M
        for (int i = 0; i <= N - M; i++)
        {
            int currentUnique = 0;
 
            Dictionary<int,int> map = new Dictionary<int,int>();
            for (int k = i; k < i + M; k++)
            {
 
                // if the key is new to the map,
                // push the key in map and increment
                // count for unique number
                if (!map.ContainsKey(arr[k]))
                {
                    map.Remove(arr[i]);
                    map.Add(arr[i], 1);
                    currentUnique++;
                    continue;
                }
            }
 
            if (currentUnique > maxUnique)
                maxUnique = currentUnique;
        }
 
        return maxUnique;
    }
 
    // Driver Code
    public static void Main(String[] args)
    {
        int[] arr = { 5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 2 };
        int N = 6;
        int M = 3;
        Console.WriteLine(maxUniqueNum(arr, N, M));
    }
}
 
// This code has been contributed by 29AjayKumar


Javascript




<script>
 
// JavaScript Program to find maximum number of
// Unique integers in Sub-Array
// of given size
 
// Function to find maximum number of
    // Unique integers in Sub-Array
    // of given size
function maxUniqueNum(arr,N,M)
{
    let maxUnique = 0;
  
        // Generate all subarrays of size M
        for (let i = 0; i <= N - M; i++) {
            let currentUnique = 0;
  
            let map = new Map();
  
            for (let k = i; k < i + M; k++) {
  
                // if the key is new to the map,
                // push the key in map and increment
                // count for unique number
                if (!map.has(arr[k])) {
                    map.set(arr[i], 1);
                    currentUnique++;
                }
            }
  
            if (currentUnique > maxUnique)
                maxUnique = currentUnique;
        }
  
        return maxUnique;
}
 
// Driver Code
let arr=[5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 2 ];
let N = 6;
let M = 3;
document.write(maxUniqueNum(arr, N, M));
     
 
// This code is contributed by unknown2108
 
</script>


Output: 

3

 

Time Complexity : O(M * N) 
Auxiliary Space : O(M)

Efficient Solution An efficient solution is to use window sliding technique. We maintain a single hash table for storing unique elements of every window. 
1) Store counts of first M elements in a hash map. 
2) Traverse from (M+1)-th element and for every element, add it to hash map and remove first element of previous window.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++




// An efficient Approach to count distinct elements in
// every window of size k
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
//Function to find maximum unique element in
//a subarray of size k
int max_U_element(int a[],int N,int M)
{
    //map to store the unique elements and their size
    map<int,int> hash;
    //Number of unique elements in an window
    int dist_count=0;    
    int res=0;     //Maximum unique element in a window
    //store all elements till size k i.e.
    //storing first window
    for(int i=0;i<M;i++)
    {
        //found an unique element
        if(hash.find(a[i])==hash.end())
        {
            hash.insert(make_pair(a[i],1));
            dist_count++;
        }
        //an Duplicate element inserting
        else
        {
            //Update the size of that element
            hash[a[i]]++;
        }
    }
    res=dist_count;
    //Traverse till the end of array
    for(int i=M;i<N;i++)
    {
        //Remove first element from map
        if(hash[a[i-M]]==1)
        {
            //when element present only one time
            // in window so delete this
            hash.erase(a[i-M]);
            dist_count--;
        }
        else
        {
            //when multiple time element has occurred
            // in window so decrease size by one
            hash[a[i-M]]--;
        }
        //Add new element to map
        //If element is unique to map
        //increment count
        if(hash.find(a[i])==hash.end())
        {
            hash.insert(make_pair(a[i],1));
            dist_count++;
        }
        //Duplicate element found
        //update the size of that element
        else
        {
            hash[a[i]]++;
        }
        //Update the res
        res=max(res,dist_count);
    }
    return res;
}
//Driver code
int main()
{
    int arr[] = {1, 2, 1, 3, 4, 2, 3};
    int M=4,N=sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
    cout<<max_U_element(arr,N,M)<<endl;
 
}


Java




// An efficient Java program to count distinct elements in
// every window of size k
import java.util.HashMap;
 
class maxUniqueNumWindow {
    static int maxUniqueNum(int arr[], int M)
    {
        // Creates an empty hashMap hM
        HashMap<Integer, Integer> hM = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
 
        // initialize distinct element count for
        // current window
        int dist_count = 0;
 
        // Traverse the first window and store count
        // of every element in hash map
        for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) {
            if (hM.get(arr[i]) == null) {
                hM.put(arr[i], 1);
                dist_count++;
            }
            else {
                int count = hM.get(arr[i]);
                hM.put(arr[i], count + 1);
            }
        }
  
        int res = dist_count;
 
        // Traverse through the remaining array
        for (int i = M; i < arr.length; i++) {
 
            // Remove first element of previous window
            // If there was only one occurrence, then
            // reduce distinct count.
            if (hM.get(arr[i - M]) == 1) {
                hM.remove(arr[i - M]);
                dist_count--;
            }
 
            else // reduce count of the removed element
            {
                int count = hM.get(arr[i - M]);
                hM.put(arr[i - M], count - 1);
            }
 
            // Add new element of current window
            // If this element appears first time,
            // increment distinct element count
            if (hM.get(arr[i]) == null) {
                hM.put(arr[i], 1);
                dist_count++;
            }
            else // Increment distinct element count
            {
                int count = hM.get(arr[i]);
                hM.put(arr[i], count + 1);
            }
 
            res = Math.max(res, dist_count);
        }
 
        return res;
    }
 
    // Driver method
    public static void main(String arg[])
    {
        int arr[] = { 1, 2, 1, 3, 4, 2, 3 };
        int M = 4;
        System.out.println(maxUniqueNum(arr, M));
    }
}


Python3




# An efficient Approach to count distinct elements in
# every window of size k
# Function to find maximum unique element in
# a subarray of size k
def max_U_element(a, N, M):
     
    # map to store the unique elements and their size
    hsh = dict()
     
    # Number of unique elements in an window
    dist_count = 0
    res = 0
     
    # Maximum unique element in a window
    # store all elements till size k i.e.
    # storing first window
    for i in range(M):
         
        # found an unique element
        if(arr[i] not in hsh.keys()):
            hsh[a[i]] = 1
            dist_count += 1
             
        # an Duplicate element inserting
        else:
             
            # Update the size of that element
            hsh[a[i]] += 1
 
    res = dist_count
    # Traverse till the end of array
    for i in range(M, N):
         
        # Remove first element from map
        if(a[i - M] in hsh.keys() and hsh[a[i - M]] == 1):
         
            # when element present only one time
            # in window so delete this
            del hsh[a[i-M]]
            dist_count -= 1
        else:
            # when multiple time element has occurred
            # in window so decrease size by one
            hsh[a[i - M]] -= 1
             
        # Add new element to map
        # If element is unique to map
        # increment count
        if(a[i] not in hsh.keys()):
            hsh[a[i]] = 1
            dist_count += 1
             
        # Duplicate element found
        # update the size of that element
        else:
            hsh[a[i]] += 1
             
        # Update the res
        res = max(res, dist_count)
 
    return res
 
# Driver code
arr = [1, 2, 1, 3, 4, 2, 3]
M = 4
N = len(arr)
print(max_U_element(arr, N, M))
 
# This code is contributed by mohit kumar


C#




// An efficient C# program to
// count distinct elements in
// every window of size k
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
class GFG
{
    static int maxUniqueNum(int []arr, int M)
    {
        // Creates an empty hashMap hM
        Dictionary<int,
                   int> hM = new Dictionary<int,
                                            int>();
 
        // initialize distinct element count
        // for current window
        int dist_count = 0;
 
        // Traverse the first window and store
        // count of every element in hash map
        for (int i = 0; i < M; i++)
        {
            if (!hM.ContainsKey(arr[i]))
            {
                hM.Add(arr[i], 1);
                dist_count++;
            }
            else
            {
                int count = hM[arr[i]];
                hM[arr[i]] = count + 1;
            }
        }
 
        int res = dist_count;
 
        // Traverse through the remaining array
        for (int i = M; i < arr.Length; i++)
        {
 
            // Remove first element of previous window
            // If there was only one occurrence, then
            // reduce distinct count.
            if (hM[arr[i - M]] == 1)
            {
                hM.Remove(arr[i - M]);
                dist_count--;
            }
 
            // reduce count of the removed element
            else
            {
                int count = hM[arr[i - M]];
                hM[arr[i - M]] = count - 1;
            }
 
            // Add new element of current window
            // If this element appears first time,
            // increment distinct element count
            if (!hM.ContainsKey(arr[i]))
            {
                hM.Add(arr[i], 1);
                dist_count++;
            }
             
            // Increment distinct element count
            else
            {
                int count = hM[arr[i]];
                hM[arr[i]] = count + 1;
            }
            res = Math.Max(res, dist_count);
        }
        return res;
    }
 
    // Driver Code
    public static void Main(String []arg)
    {
        int []arr = { 1, 2, 1, 3, 4, 2, 3 };
        int M = 4;
        Console.WriteLine(maxUniqueNum(arr, M));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar


Javascript




<script>
 
// An efficient JavaScript program to
// count distinct elements in
// every window of size k
 
function maxUniqueNum(arr,m)
{
    // Creates an empty hashMap hM
        let hM = new Map();
  
        // initialize distinct element count for
        // current window
        let dist_count = 0;
  
        // Traverse the first window and store count
        // of every element in hash map
        for (let i = 0; i < M; i++) {
            if (hM.get(arr[i]) == null) {
                hM.set(arr[i], 1);
                dist_count++;
            }
            else {
                let count = hM.get(arr[i]);
                hM.set(arr[i], count + 1);
            }
        }
   
        let res = dist_count;
  
        // Traverse through the remaining array
        for (let i = M; i < arr.length; i++) {
  
            // Remove first element of previous window
            // If there was only one occurrence, then
            // reduce distinct count.
            if (hM.get(arr[i - M]) == 1) {
                hM.delete(arr[i - M]);
                dist_count--;
            }
  
            else // reduce count of the removed element
            {
                let count = hM.get(arr[i - M]);
                hM.set(arr[i - M], count - 1);
            }
  
            // Add new element of current window
            // If this element appears first time,
            // increment distinct element count
            if (hM.get(arr[i]) == null) {
                hM.set(arr[i], 1);
                dist_count++;
            }
            else // Increment distinct element count
            {
                let count = hM.get(arr[i]);
                hM.set(arr[i], count + 1);
            }
  
            res = Math.max(res, dist_count);
        }
  
        return res;
}
 
// Driver method
let arr=[1, 2, 1, 3, 4, 2, 3];
let M = 4;
document.write(maxUniqueNum(arr, M));
 
 
// This code is contributed by patel2127
 
</script>


Output: 

4

 

Time Complexity : O(N) 
Auxiliary Space : O(M)
 



Last Updated : 26 Oct, 2021
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