Maximum non-attacking Rooks that can be placed on an N*N Chessboard

Given an integers N such that there is a chessboard of size N*N and an array pos[][] of K pairs of integers which represent the positions of placed rooked in the given chessboard. The task is to find the maximum number of rooks with their positions that can be placed on the given chessboard such that no rook attacks some other rook. Print the positions in lexicographical order.

Examples:

Input: N = 4, K = 2, pos[][] = {{1, 4}, {2, 2}} 
Output:
2 
3 1 
4 3 
Explanation:
Only 2 more rooks can be placed on the given chessboard and their positions are (3, 1) and (4, 3).
Input: N = 5, K = 0, pos[][] = {} 
Output:
5 
1 1 
2 2 
3 3 
4 4 
5 5 
Explanation:
Since the chessboard is empty we can place 5 rooks the given chessboard and their positions are (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4) and (5, 5).

Naive Approach: The simplest approach is to try to place a rook at every empty position of the chessboard and check if it attacks the already placed rooks or not. Below are the steps:

1. Initialize a 2D matrix M[][] of size N*N to represent the chessboard and place the already given rooks in it.
2. Transverse the complete matrix M[][] and check if the ith row and jth column contains any rook
3. If the ith row and jth column both don’t contain any rook, then a rook is placed there and this cell is added to the result.
4. Otherwise, move to the next empty cell on the chessboard.

Time Complexity: O(N³) 
Auxiliary Space: O(N²)

Efficient Approach: The approach is based on the idea that a maximum of (N – K) rooks can be placed on the chessboard according to the Pigeonhole Principle. Below are the steps:

1. Since no two of the given rooks attack each other, all the rows given in the input must be unique. Similarly, all the columns given in the input must be unique.
2. So, place the rooks only in N – K unused rows and N – K unused columns.
3. Therefore, lexicographically minimum configuration can be achieved by pairing the smallest unused row with the smallest unused column, the second smallest unused row with the second smallest unused column, and so on.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ Program to implement
// the above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Function to print the maximum rooks
// and their positions
void countRooks(int n, int k,
                int pos[2][2])
 {
     int row[n] = {0};
     int col[n] = {0};

     // Initialize row and col array
     for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
     {
         row[i] = 0;
         col[i] = 0;
     }

     // Marking the location of
     // already placed rooks
     for (int i = 0; i < k; i++)
     {
         row[pos[i][0] - 1] = 1;
         col[pos[i][1] - 1] = 1;
     }

     int res = n - k;

     // Print number of non-attacking
     // rooks that can be placed
     cout << res << " " << endl;

     // To store the placed rook
     // location
     int ri = 0, ci = 0;
     while (res-- > 0)
     {
         // Print lexicographically
         // smallest order
         while (row[ri] == 1)
         {
             ri++;
         }
         while (col[ci] == 1)
         {
             ci++;
         }
         cout << (ri + 1) << " " <<
                 (ci + 1) << " " <<endl;
         ri++;
         ci++;
     }
 }

// Driver Code
int main()
{
 // Size of board
    int N = 4;

    // Number of rooks already placed
    int K = 2;

    // Position of rooks
    int pos[2][2] = {{1, 4}, {2, 2}};

    // Function call
    countRooks(N, K, pos);
}
// This code is contributed by shikhasingrajput

Java

// Java program for the above approach
public class GFG {

    // Function to print the maximum rooks
    // and their positions
    private static void countRooks(int n, int k,
                                   int pos[][])
    {
        int row[] = new int[n];
        int col[] = new int[n];

        // Initialize row and col array
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            row[i] = 0;
            col[i] = 0;
        }

        // Marking the location of
        // already placed rooks
        for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
            row[pos[i][0] - 1] = 1;
            col[pos[i][1] - 1] = 1;
        }

        int res = n - k;

        // Print number of non-attacking
        // rooks that can be placed
        System.out.println(res + " ");

        // To store the placed rook
        // location
        int ri = 0, ci = 0;
        while (res-- > 0) {

            // Print lexicographically
            // smallest order
            while (row[ri] == 1) {
                ri++;
            }
            while (col[ci] == 1) {
                ci++;
            }
            System.out.println(
                (ri + 1)
                + " " + (ci + 1)
                + " ");
            ri++;
            ci++;
        }
    }

    // Driver Code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {

        // Size of board
        int N = 4;

        // Number of rooks already placed
        int K = 2;

        // Position of rooks
        int pos[][] = { { 1, 4 }, { 2, 2 } };

        // Function call
        countRooks(N, K, pos);
    }
}

Python3

# Python3 program for the above approach
# Function to print maximum rooks
# and their positions
def countRooks(n, k, pos):

    row = [0 for i in range(n)]
    col = [0 for i in range(n)]

    # Marking the location of
    # already placed rooks
    for i in range(k):
        row[pos[i][0] - 1] = 1
        col[pos[i][1] - 1] = 1

    res = n - k

    # Print number of non-attacking
    # rooks that can be placed
    print(res)

    # To store the placed rook
    # location
    ri = 0
    ci = 0

    while (res > 0):

        # Print lexicographically
        # smallest order
        while (row[ri] == 1):
            ri += 1

        while (col[ci] == 1):
            ci += 1

        print((ri + 1), (ci + 1))

        ri += 1
        ci += 1
        res -= 1

# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':

    # Size of board
    N = 4

    # Number of rooks already placed
    K = 2

    # Position of rooks
    pos= [ [ 1, 4 ], [ 2, 2 ] ]

    # Function call
    countRooks(N, K, pos)

# This code is contributed by mohit kumar 29

C#

// C# program for the above approach
using System;
class GFG{

    // Function to print the maximum rooks
    // and their positions
    private static void countRooks(int n, int k,
                                   int [, ]pos)
    {
        int []row = new int[n];
        int []col = new int[n];

        // Initialize row and col array
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            row[i] = 0;
            col[i] = 0;
        }

        // Marking the location of
        // already placed rooks
        for (int i = 0; i < k; i++)
        {
            row[pos[i, 0] - 1] = 1;
            col[pos[i, 1] - 1] = 1;
        }

        int res = n - k;

        // Print number of non-attacking
        // rooks that can be placed
        Console.WriteLine(res + " ");

        // To store the placed rook
        // location
        int ri = 0, ci = 0;
        while (res -- > 0)
        {
            // Print lexicographically
            // smallest order
            while (row[ri] == 1)
            {
                ri++;
            }
            while (col[ci] == 1)
            {
                ci++;
            }
            Console.WriteLine((ri + 1) + " " +
                              (ci + 1) + " ");
            ri++;
            ci++;
        }
    }

    // Driver Code
    public static void Main(String[] args)
    {
        // Size of board
        int N = 4;

        // Number of rooks already placed
        int K = 2;

        // Position of rooks
        int [, ]pos = {{1, 4}, {2, 2}};

        // Function call
        countRooks(N, K, pos);
    }
}

// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji

Javascript

<script>

// Javascript program to implement
// the above approach

    // Function to print the maximum rooks
    // and their positions
    function countRooks(n, k, pos)
    {
        let row = new Array(n).fill(0);
        let col = new Array(n).fill(0);

        // Initialize row and col array
        for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            row[i] = 0;
            col[i] = 0;
        }

        // Marking the location of
        // already placed rooks
        for (let i = 0; i < k; i++) {
            row[pos[i][0] - 1] = 1;
            col[pos[i][1] - 1] = 1;
        }

        let res = n - k;

        // Print number of non-attacking
        // rooks that can be placed
        document.write(res + " " + "<br/>");

        // To store the placed rook
        // location
        let ri = 0, ci = 0;
        while (res-- > 0) {

            // Print lexicographically
            // smallest order
            while (row[ri] == 1) {
                ri++;
            }
            while (col[ci] == 1) {
                ci++;
            }
            document.write(
                (ri + 1)
                + " " + (ci + 1)
                + " " + "<br/>");
            ri++;
            ci++;
        }
    }

// Driver Code


        // Size of board
        let N = 4;

        // Number of rooks already placed
        let K = 2;

        // Position of rooks
        let pos = [[ 1, 4 ], [ 2, 2 ]];

        // Function call
        countRooks(N, K, pos);

</script>

Output:

2 
3 1 
4 3

Time Complexity: O(N²) 
Auxiliary Space: O(N²)