Max Heap in Python - GeeksforGeeks

A Max-Heap is a complete binary tree in which the value in each internal node is greater than or equal to the values in the children of that node.
Mapping the elements of a heap into an array is trivial: if a node is stored a index k, then its left child is stored at index 2k + 1 and its right child at index 2k + 2.

Examples of Max Heap :

max-heap

How is Max Heap is represented ?
A Max Heap is a Complete Binary Tree. A Max heap is typically represented as an array. The root element will be at Arr[0]. Below table shows indexes of other nodes for the ith node, i.e., Arr[i]:
Arr[(i-1)/2] Returns the parent node.
Arr[(2*i)+1] Returns the left child node.
Arr[(2*i)+2] Returns the right child node.

Operations on Max Heap:

getMax(): It returns the root element of Max Heap. Time Complexity of this operation is O(1).
extractMax(): Removes the maximum element from MaxHeap. Time Complexity of this Operation is O(Log n) as this operation needs to maintain the heap property (by calling heapify()) after removing root.
insert(): Inserting a new key takes O(Log n) time. We add a new key at the end of the tree. If new key is smaller than its parent, then we don’t need to do anything. Otherwise, we need to traverse up to fix the violated heap property.

Note : In below implementation, we do indexing from index 1 to simplify the implementation.

# Python3 implementation of Max Heap 
  
import sys 
  
class MaxHeap: 
  
    def __init__(self, maxsize): 
        self.maxsize = maxsize 
        self.size = 0
        self.Heap = [0]*(self.maxsize + 1) 
        self.Heap[0] = sys.maxsize 
        self.FRONT = 1
  
    # Function to return the position of 
    # parent for the node currently 
    # at pos 
    def parent(self, pos): 
        return pos//2
  
    # Function to return the position of 
    # the left child for the node currently 
    # at pos 
    def leftChild(self, pos): 
        return 2 * pos 
  
    # Function to return the position of 
    # the right child for the node currently 
    # at pos 
    def rightChild(self, pos): 
        return (2 * pos) + 1
  
    # Function that returns true if the passed 
    # node is a leaf node 
    def isLeaf(self, pos): 
        if pos >= (self.size//2) and pos <= self.size: 
            return True
        return False
  
    # Function to swap two nodes of the heap 
    def swap(self, fpos, spos): 
        self.Heap[fpos], self.Heap[spos] = self.Heap[spos], self.Heap[fpos] 
  
    # Function to heapify the node at pos 
    def maxHeapify(self, pos): 
  
        # If the node is a non-leaf node and smaller 
        # than any of its child 
        if not self.isLeaf(pos): 
            if (self.Heap[pos] < self.Heap[self.leftChild(pos)] or
                self.Heap[pos] < self.Heap[self.rightChild(pos)]): 
  
                # Swap with the left child and heapify 
                # the left child 
                if self.Heap[self.leftChild(pos)] > self.Heap[self.rightChild(pos)]: 
                    self.swap(pos, self.leftChild(pos)) 
                    self.maxHeapify(self.leftChild(pos)) 
  
                # Swap with the right child and heapify 
                # the right child 
                else: 
                    self.swap(pos, self.rightChild(pos)) 
                    self.maxHeapify(self.rightChild(pos)) 
  
    # Function to insert a node into the heap 
    def insert(self, element): 
        if self.size >= self.maxsize : 
            return
        self.size+= 1
        self.Heap[self.size] = element 
  
        current = self.size 
  
        while self.Heap[current] > self.Heap[self.parent(current)]: 
            self.swap(current, self.parent(current)) 
            current = self.parent(current) 
  
    # Function to print the contents of the heap 
    def Print(self): 
        for i in range(1, (self.size//2)+1): 
            print(" PARENT : "+str(self.Heap[i])+" LEFT CHILD : "+ 
                               str(self.Heap[2 * i])+" RIGHT CHILD : "+
                               str(self.Heap[2 * i + 1])) 
  
    # Function to remove and return the maximum 
    # element from the heap 
    def extractMax(self): 
  
        popped = self.Heap[self.FRONT] 
        self.Heap[self.FRONT] = self.Heap[self.size] 
        self.size-= 1
        self.maxHeapify(self.FRONT) 
        return popped 
  
# Driver Code 
if __name__ == "__main__": 
    print('The maxHeap is ') 
    minHeap = MaxHeap(15) 
    minHeap.insert(5) 
    minHeap.insert(3) 
    minHeap.insert(17) 
    minHeap.insert(10) 
    minHeap.insert(84) 
    minHeap.insert(19) 
    minHeap.insert(6) 
    minHeap.insert(22) 
    minHeap.insert(9) 
  
    minHeap.Print() 
    print("The Max val is " + str(minHeap.extractMax())) 

Output :

The maxHeap is 
 PARENT : 84 LEFT CHILD : 22 RIGHT CHILD : 19
 PARENT : 22 LEFT CHILD : 17 RIGHT CHILD : 10
 PARENT : 19 LEFT CHILD : 5 RIGHT CHILD : 6
 PARENT : 17 LEFT CHILD : 3 RIGHT CHILD : 9
The Max val is 84

Using Library functions :

We use heapq class to implement Heaps in Python. By default Min Heap is implemented by this class. But we multiply each value by -1 so that we can use it as MaxHeap.

# Python3 program to demonstrate working of heapq 
  
from heapq import heappop, heappush, heapify 
  
# Creating empty heap 
heap = [] 
heapify(heap) 
  
# Adding items to the heap using heappush 
# function by multiplying them with -1 
heappush(heap, -1 * 10) 
heappush(heap, -1 * 30) 
heappush(heap, -1 * 20) 
heappush(heap, -1 * 400) 
  
# printing the value of maximum element 
print("Head value of heap : "+str(-1 * heap[0])) 
  
# printing the elements of the heap 
print("The heap elements : ") 
for i in heap: 
    print(-1 * i, end = ' ') 
print("\n") 
  
element = heappop(heap) 
  
# printing the elements of the heap 
print("The heap elements : ") 
for i in heap: 
    print(-1 * i, end = ' ') 

Output :

Head value of heap : 400
The heap elements : 
400 30 20 10 

The heap elements : 
30 10 20

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My Personal Notes

Operations on Max Heap:

Using Library functions :

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