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Materials of Earth’s Crust : Rocks And Minerals

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Question 1. What is/are true about Earth’s Crust?
(A) It is a solid part of the earth
(B) It is brittle in nature
(C) Thickness of Oceanic and continental crusts vary
(D)  All of the above
Answer: (D)
Explanation: Crust is the outermost shell of any planet. It is solid and brittle in nature. The thickness of Oceanic and continental crusts vary and both are made of different materials. Oceanic crust is made of Basalt whereas continental crust is made of Granite.

Question 2. Which type of Rock is found mostly in Oceanic Crust?
(A) Granite
(B) Basalt
(C) Both
(D)  None
Answer: (B)
Explanation: Based on composition and density, Crust can be divided into Oceanic and Continental crusts. Oceanic crust is made of Basalt whereas continental crust is made of Granite.

Question 3. The most abundant metal in Earth’s crust is :   
(A) Calcium
(B) Iron
(C) Magnesium
(D) Aluminum  
Answer: (D)
Explanation: Various elements are found in different compositions in earth’s crust. These 4 elements account for 88% of Crust’s composition.

                     Oxygen>Silicon>Aluminum>Iron 

Element %
Oxygen 47%
Silicon 28%
Aluminium 8%
Iron 5%

Question 4. Continental Crust is mostly composed of : 
(A) Gabbro
(B) Basalt
(C) Granite
(D) None
Answer: (C)
Explanation: Crust can be divided into Oceanic and Continental crusts. Oceanic crust is made of Basalt whereas continental crust is made of Granite.

Question 5. The outer layer of the interior of the earth which is made of plates is called :
(A) Asthenosphere
(B) Lithosphere
(C) Biosphere
(D) Troposphere
Answer: (B)
Explanation: Outer layer of the interior of the earth which is made of plates is Lithosphere. Between the crust and Mantle lies Lithosphere.

Question 6. The most abundant element of Earth’s crust is : 
(A) O
(B) Si
(C) Al
(D) Fe
Answer: (A)
Explanation: 

Element %
O 47%
Si 28%
Al 8%
Fe 5%

Question 7. The lithosphere consists of :
(A) Mantle and Core
(B) Core and crust
(C) Crust and uppermost solid Mantle
(D) Upper and Lower Mantle
Answer: (C)
Explanation: Lithosphere is composed of the Lower part of the crust and the uppermost solid mantle.

Question 8. The thickness of  Earth’s crust is :
(A) 8 to 20 km
(B) 0 to 50 km
(C) 8 to 40 km
(D) 0 to 100 km
Answer: (D)
Explanation: Major 3 layers of the interior of the earth are Crust, Mantle and Core. All these have different thicknesses and compositions.

Crust Up to 100km
Mantle 100-2900km
Core 2900-6378km

Question 9. The discontinuity between Earth’s Crust and mantle is called :
(A) Lehman Discontinuity
(B) Gutenberg Discontinuity
(C) Moho Discontinuity
(D) Conrad Discontinuity
Answer: (C)
Explanation:  Discontinuity between Earth’s crust and mantle is called as Moho Discontinuity. 

Question 10. Which is/are example(s) of sedimentary rock
(A) Sandstone
(B) Shale
(C) Limestone
(D) All of the above
Answer: (D)
Explanation:  Rock can be divided into 3 types.

                    1. Igneous 2.Metamorphic 3. Sedimentary

                    Some of the Sedimentary Rocks are Sandstone, Limestone, Shale, Conglomerate, Siltstone etc.

Question 11. Fossils are found in which types of rocks
(A) Igneous
(B) metamorphic
(C) sedimentary
(D) In all types of rocks
Answer: (C)
Explanation: Fossils are mainly found in Sedimentary Rocks. Fossils are organic remains which over the years transform into various forms.

Question 12. Limestone under tremendous heat and pressure convert to what : 
(A) Sandstone
(B) Marble
(C) clay
(D)  No change occurs
Answer: (B)
Explanation: Under tremendous heat or pressure sedimentary rocks changes to metamorphic rock.

                   

Sedimentary Metamorphic
Limestone Marble
Sandstone Quartzite
Shale/clay Slate, Schist
Coal Diamond

Question 13. which of the following is correctly matched  
(A) granite   : cyst 
(B) gabbro   : serpentine
(C) basalt     : Syenite gneiss
(D) Syenite  : Gneiss
Answer: (B)
Explanation:  

Igneous Metamorphic
Granite Gneiss
Gabbro Serpentine
Syenite Syenite Gneiss
Basalt Cyst
Bituminous coal Graphite

Question 14. which of the following is correctly matched 
(A) limestone     : Diamond
(B) Sandstone    : Quartzite
(C) Shale            : Marble
(D) Coal             : slate
Answer: (B)
Explanation:  

Sedimentary Metamorphic
Limestone Marble
Sandstone Quartzite
Shale/clay Slate, schist
Coal Diamond

Question 15. The discontinuity between the upper Mantle and lower Mantle is called
(A) Moho Discontinuity
(B) Conrad Discontinuity
(C) Repetti Discontinuity
(D) Gutensburg Discontinuity
Answer: (C)
Explanation:  Discontinuity between the Upper mantle and lower mantle is called Repetti discontinuity.

Question 16. What is Included in Barysphere?
(A) Crust Only
(B) Upper and Lower mantle
(C) Inner and Outer core
(D)  None
Answer: (C)
Explanation: Barysphere is the region which includes the Inner and outer cores.

Question 17. A type of igneous intrusion which split apart two strata resulting in a dome-like structure is 
(A) batholith
(B) phacolith
(C) Laccolith
(D)  None
Answer: (C)
Explanation: A laccolith is a form of Igneous rock which split apart two strata and results in a dome-like structure.

Question 18. metamorphic rocks can be created from 
(A) Igneous
(B) Sedimentary 
(C) From Any of the above
(D)  None
Answer: (C)
Explanation: Metamorphic rocks can be converted either from Igneous or Sedimentary rocks.

                    Any rock can be converted to any other rock under suitable environmental conditions.

Question 19. The discontinuity between the inner and outer cores is called 
(A) Conrad Discontinuity
(B) Lehman Discontinuity
(C) Gutenberg Discontinuity
(D) Moho Discontinuity
Answer: (B)
Explanation: Discontinuity between the inner and outer core is called Lehman Discontinuity.

Question 20. Which Portion of the earth occupy a maximum volume 
(A) Crust
(B) Mantle
(C) Core
(D) All portions are uniform 
Answer: (B)
Explanation: 

Layer Volume (%)
Crust  1%
Mantle 84%
Core 15%

Question 21. What is true about the oceanic crust
(A) Mainly composed of basalt
(B) Relatively younger
(C) relatively heavier with a density (2.9 gm/cubic cm)
(D)  All of the above are true
Answer: (D)
Explanation: Oceanic crust is mainly composed of basaltic rock. It is relatively younger than the continental crust. It has a higher density(2.9gm/cubic cm) than continental crust.

Question 22. Which of the following is not true regarding the interior of the earth
(A) the density of the earth keeps increasing as we go interior 
(B) below the crust, all the layers are in solid form
(C) composition of the earth is not uniform
(D)  Core has the highest temperature
Answer: (B)
Explanation: The density of the earth keeps increasing as we go inside it. Below the crust not all the layers are solid, Outer core(2900 to 5100 km) is in a Liquid state.

Question 23. Match the following :

(a) Crust       (1) 2900 to 6378               

(b) Mantle    (2) 0 to 100 km 

(c) Core        (3) 100 to 2900 km

(A) a-2  b-1  c-3 
(B) a-3  b-1  c-2
(C) a-2  b-3  c-1
(D) a-3  b-2  c-1
Answer: (C)
Explanation: Crust is the uppermost layer with a thickness of 0 to 100km.

                     Mantle thickness is 100 to 2900 km.

                     Core thickness is 2900 to 6378 km.

Question 24. Cooling and Solidification of magma/Lava give rise to 
(A) Metamorphic Rock
(B) Igneous Rock
(C) Sedimentary Rock
(D) Can give rise to any of the forms
Answer: (B)
Explanation: Igneous rock formation takes place from the magma or lava erupted out from volcanic activities. Igneous rocks are considered the basic type of rocks as they later transform into other forms of rocks like metamorphic and sedimentary, under suitable environmental conditions.

Question 25. The discontinuity between the layers of the lower mental and outer core is called
(A) Conrad Discontinuity
(B) Gutensburg Discontinuity
(C) Repetti Discontinuity
(D)  Lehman Discontinuity
Answer: (B)

Question 26. Accumulation and Cementation  of fragments of minerals and organic particles give rise to 
(A) Igneous rock
(B) metamorphic rock
(C) sedimentary rock
(D) A and B 
Answer: (C)
Explanation: Accumulation and cementation of fragments of minerals, and organic particles give rise to Sedimentary                           Rocks. When the sediments are buried deeper in due course of time they transformed into sedimentary Rocks.

Question 27. which is/are not true regarding continental crust
(A) mostly composed of granite
(B) relatively older
(C) have a lesser density (2.7g/cubic cm)
(D)  All of the above are true
Answer: (D)
Explanation: Continental crust is composed mainly of Granite, which is relatively older than the oceanic Crust. It has a lesser density(2.7g/cubic cm) so remains at the top of all the layers. 

Question 28. Asthenosphere lies between 
(A) barysphere and Lithosphere
(B) Mesosphere and Barysphere
(C) Lithosphere and Mesosphere
(D)  None
Answer: (C)

Question 29. The discontinuity between the upper and lower Crust
(A)  Mohorovic Discontinuity
(B) Conrad Discontinuity
(C) Lehman Discontinuity
(D) Guttensburg Discontinuity
Answer: (B) 

Question 30. The density of The Earth is
(A)  4.0 gm/cubic cm
(B)  2.7 gm/cubic cm
(C) 5.5 gm/cubic cm
(D) 9.1 gm/cubic cm
Answer: (C)
Explanation: As we move inside of the earth from Crust to Core, Density keeps increasing. The density of the entire Earth is taken as 5.5gm/cubic cm. 
 



Last Updated : 07 Nov, 2022
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