Make the array elements equal by performing given operations minimum number of times

Given an array arr[] of size N, the task is to make all the array elements equal by performing following operations minimum number of times:

• Increase all array elements of any suffix array by 1.
• Decrease all the elements of any suffix array by 1.
• Replace any array element y another.

Examples:

Input: arr[] = {99, 96, 97, 95}
Output: 3
Explanation:
Operation 1: Replace a₁  by a₂, i.e. 99 ? 96. The array arr[] modifies to {96, 96, 97, 95}.
Operation 2: Increment the suffix { a₄} by 2, i.e., 95 ? 97. The array arr[] modifies to {96, 96, 97, 97}.
Operation 3: Decrement the suffix { a₃ } by 1, i.e., 97 ? 96. The array arr[] modifies to {96, 96, 96, 96}.
Hence, the total number of operations required is 3.

Input: arr[] = {1, -1, 0, 1, 1}
Output: 2

Approach: The idea is to find the difference between the actual sum and the sum of the array having all elements equal and then choose the operations to perform such that it leads to the minimum count of operations. Follow the steps below to solve the problem:

• Initialize a variable, say totOps, to store the actual operations needed to make all the array elements equal.
• Traverse the array and store the difference between all pair of consecutive elements and store their sum in totOps.
• Initialize a variable, say maxOps, to store the maximum count of operations required.
• Now, find the maximum change that occurs while changing an element and store it in the maxOps variable. There are three cases:
  • For the 1st element i.e. arr[1], the optimal way to change arr[1] is to make it arr[2].
  • For the last element i.e. arr[N], the optimal way to change arr[N] is to make it into arr[N-1].
  • For the rest of the element, changing arr[i] affects both arr[i-1] and arr[i+1], therefore, the maximum change is abs(arr[i] – arr[i+1]) + abs(arr[i] – arr[i-1]) – abs(arr[i-1] – arr[i+1).
• Therefore, the minimum operations required is equal to the difference between totOps and maxOps.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ Program for the above approach

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Function to calculate the minimum
// operations of given type required
// to make the array elements equal
void minOperation(int a[], int N)
{
    // Stores the total count of operations
    int totOps = 0;

    // Traverse the array
    for (int i = 0; i < N - 1; i++) {

        // Update difference between
        // pairs of adjacent elements
        totOps += abs(a[i] - a[i + 1]);
    }

    // Store the maximum count of operations
    int maxOps
        = max(abs(a[0] - a[1]),
              abs(a[N - 1] - a[N - 2]));

    for (int i = 1; i < N - 1; i++) {

        // Rest of the elements
        maxOps
            = max(maxOps, abs(a[i] - a[i - 1])
                              + abs(a[i] - a[i + 1])
                              - abs(a[i - 1] - a[i + 1]));
    }

    // Total Operation - Maximum Operation
    cout << totOps - maxOps << endl;
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // Given array
    int arr[] = { 1, -1, 0, 1, 1 };

    // Size of the array
    int N = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);

    minOperation(arr, N);

    return 0;
}

Java

// Java Program for the above approach
import java.io.*;
class GFG
{

  // Function to calculate the minimum
  // operations of given type required
  // to make the array elements equal
  static void minOperation(int a[], int N)
  {

    // Stores the total count of operations
    int totOps = 0;

    // Traverse the array
    for (int i = 0; i < N - 1; i++)
    {

      // Update difference between
      // pairs of adjacent elements
      totOps += Math.abs(a[i] - a[i + 1]);
    }

    // Store the maximum count of operations
    int maxOps
      = Math.max(Math.abs(a[0] - a[1]),
                 Math.abs(a[N - 1] - a[N - 2]));

    for (int i = 1; i < N - 1; i++)
    {

      // Rest of the elements
      maxOps = Math.max(
        maxOps,
        Math.abs(a[i] - a[i - 1])
        + Math.abs(a[i] - a[i + 1])
        - Math.abs(a[i - 1] - a[i + 1]));
    }

    // Total Operation - Maximum Operation
    System.out.println(totOps - maxOps);
  }

  // Driver Code
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {

    // Given array
    int[] arr = { 1, -1, 0, 1, 1 };

    // Size of the array
    int N = arr.length;

    minOperation(arr, N);
  }
}

// This code is contributed by Dharanendra L V

Python3

# Python3 Program for the above approach

# Function to calculate the minimum
# operations of given type required
# to make the array elements equal
def minOperation(a, N):

    # Stores the total count of operations
    totOps = 0

    # Traverse the array
    for i in range(N - 1):

        # Update difference between
        # pairs of adjacent elements
        totOps += abs(a[i] - a[i + 1])

    # Store the maximum count of operations
    maxOps = max(abs(a[0] - a[1]), abs(a[N - 1] - a[N - 2]))
    for i in range(1, N - 1):

        # Rest of the elements
        maxOps = max(maxOps, abs(a[i] - a[i - 1]) +
                     abs(a[i] - a[i + 1])- abs(a[i - 1] - a[i + 1]))

    # Total Operation - Maximum Operation
    print (totOps - maxOps)

# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':

    # Given array
    arr = [1, -1, 0, 1, 1]

    # Size of the array
    N = len(arr)
    minOperation(arr, N)

# This code is contributed by mohit kumar 29.

C#

// C# Program for the above approach
using System;
public class GFG {

  // Function to calculate the minimum
  // operations of given type required
  // to make the array elements equal
  static void minOperation(int[] a, int N)
  {
    // Stores the total count of operations
    int totOps = 0;

    // Traverse the array
    for (int i = 0; i < N - 1; i++)
    {

      // Update difference between
      // pairs of adjacent elements
      totOps += Math.Abs(a[i] - a[i + 1]);
    }

    // Store the maximum count of operations
    int maxOps
      = Math.Max(Math.Abs(a[0] - a[1]),
                 Math.Abs(a[N - 1] - a[N - 2]));

    for (int i = 1; i < N - 1; i++)
    {

      // Rest of the elements
      maxOps = Math.Max(
        maxOps,
        Math.Abs(a[i] - a[i - 1])
        + Math.Abs(a[i] - a[i + 1])
        - Math.Abs(a[i - 1] - a[i + 1]));
    }

    // Total Operation - Maximum Operation
    Console.WriteLine(totOps - maxOps);
  }

  // Driver Code
  static public void Main()
  {

    // Given array
    int[] arr = { 1, -1, 0, 1, 1 };

    // Size of the array
    int N = arr.Length;

    minOperation(arr, N);
  }
}

// This code is contributed by Dharanendra L V

Javascript

<script>
// javascript Program for the above approach

    // Function to calculate the minimum
    // operations of given type required
    // to make the array elements equal
    function minOperation(a , N) {

        // Stores the total count of operations
        var totOps = 0;

        // Traverse the array
        for (i = 0; i < N - 1; i++) {

            // Update difference between
            // pairs of adjacent elements
            totOps += Math.abs(a[i] - a[i + 1]);
        }

        // Store the maximum count of operations
        var maxOps = Math.max(Math.abs(a[0] - a[1]), Math.abs(a[N - 1] - a[N - 2]));

        for (i = 1; i < N - 1; i++) {

            // Rest of the elements
            maxOps = Math.max(maxOps,
                    Math.abs(a[i] - a[i - 1]) + Math.abs(a[i] - a[i + 1]) - Math.abs(a[i - 1] - a[i + 1]));
        }

        // Total Operation - Maximum Operation
        document.write(totOps - maxOps);
    }

    // Driver Code


        // Given array
        var arr = [ 1, -1, 0, 1, 1 ];

        // Size of the array
        var N = arr.length;

        minOperation(arr, N);

// This code contributed by aashish1995
</script>

Output:

2

Time Complexity: O(N)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)