Make largest palindrome by changing at most K-digits

Given a string containing all digits, we need to convert this string to a palindrome by changing at most K digits. If many solutions are possible then print lexicographically largest one.
Examples: 

Input   : str = “43435”    
          k = 3
Output  : "93939" 
Explanation:
Lexicographically largest palindrome 
after 3 changes is "93939" 
Input :  str = “43435”    
         k = 1
Output : “53435”
Explanation:
Lexicographically largest palindrome 
after 3 changes is “53435”
Input  : str = “12345”    
         k = 1
Output : "Not Possible"
Explanation:
It is not possible to make str palindrome
after 1 change.

Approach:

1. Solve this problem using two pointers method. We start from left and right and if both digits are not equal then we replace the smaller value with larger value and decrease k by 1. S
2. top when the left and right pointers cross each other, after they stop if value of k is negative, then it is not possible to make string palindrome using k changes. If k is positive, then we can further maximize the string by looping once again in the same manner from left and right and converting both the digits to 9 and decreasing k by 2.
3. If k value remains to 1 and string length is odd then we make the middle character as 9 to maximize whole value.

Below is the implementation of above approach:

C++

// C++ program to get largest palindrome changing
// atmost K digits
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Returns maximum possible
// palindrome using k changes
string maximumPalinUsingKChanges(string str, int k)
{
    string palin = str;

    // Initialize l and r by leftmost and
    // rightmost ends
    int l = 0;
    int r = str.length() - 1;

    //  first try to make string palindrome
    while (l < r) {

        // Replace left and right character by
        // maximum of both
        if (str[l] != str[r]) {
            palin[l] = palin[r] =
                  max(str[l], str[r]);
            k--;
        }
        l++;
        r--;
    }

    // If k is negative then we can't make
    // string palindrome
    if (k < 0)
        return "Not possible";

    l = 0;
    r = str.length() - 1;

    while (l <= r) {

        // At mid character, if K>0 then change
        // it to 9
        if (l == r) {
            if (k > 0)
                palin[l] = '9';
        }

        // If character at lth (same as rth) is
        // less than 9
        if (palin[l] < '9') {
            /* If none of them is changed in the
               previous loop then subtract 2 from K
               and convert both to 9 */
            if (k >= 2 && palin[l] == str[l]
                && palin[r] == str[r]) {
                k -= 2;
                palin[l] = palin[r] = '9';
            }

            /*  If one of them is changed
                in the previous
                loop then subtract 1 from K
                (1 more is
                subtracted already) and make them 9  */
            else if (k >= 1
                     && (palin[l] != str[l]
                         || palin[r] != str[r])) {
                k--;
                palin[l] = palin[r] = '9';
            }
        }
        l++;
        r--;
    }

    return palin;
}

//  Driver code to test above methods
int main()
{
    string str = "43435";
    int k = 3;
    cout << maximumPalinUsingKChanges(str, k);
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to get largest palindrome changing
// atmost K digits

import java.text.ParseException;

class GFG {

  // Returns maximum possible
  // palindrome using k changes
  static String maximumPalinUsingKChanges(String str,
                                          int k)
  {
    char palin[] = str.toCharArray();
    String ans = "";

    // Initialize l and r by leftmost and
    // rightmost ends
    int l = 0;
    int r = str.length() - 1;

    // First try to make String palindrome
    while (l < r) {

      // Replace left and right character by
      // maximum of both
      if (str.charAt(l) != str.charAt(r)) {
        palin[l] = palin[r] = (char)Math.max(
          str.charAt(l), str.charAt(r));
        k--;
      }
      l++;
      r--;
    }

    // If k is negative then we can't make
    // String palindrome
    if (k < 0) {
      return "Not possible";
    }

    l = 0;
    r = str.length() - 1;

    while (l <= r) {

      // At mid character, if K>0 then change
      // it to 9
      if (l == r) {
        if (k > 0) {
          palin[l] = '9';
        }
      }

      // If character at lth (same as rth) is
      // less than 9
      if (palin[l] < '9') {

        /* If none of them is changed in the
            previous loop then subtract 2 from K
            and convert both to 9 */
        if (k >= 2 && palin[l] == str.charAt(l)
            && palin[r] == str.charAt(r)) {
          k -= 2;
          palin[l] = palin[r] = '9';
        }

        /* If one of them is changed in the
        previous loop then subtract
        1 from K (1 more
        is subtracted already) and make them 9 */
        else if (k >= 1
                 && (palin[l] != str.charAt(l)
                     || palin[r]
                     != str.charAt(r))) {
          k--;
          palin[l] = palin[r] = '9';
        }
      }
      l++;
      r--;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < palin.length; i++)
      ans += palin[i];
    return ans;
  }

  // Driver code to test above methods
  public static void main(String[] args)
    throws ParseException
  {
    String str = "43435";
    int k = 3;
    System.out.println(
      maximumPalinUsingKChanges(str, k));
  }
}
// This code is contributed by 29ajaykumar

Python

# Python3 program to get largest palindrome changing
# atmost K digits

# Returns maximum possible
# palindrome using k changes
def maximumPalinUsingKChanges(strr, k):
    palin = strr[::]

    # Initialize l and r by leftmost and
    # rightmost ends
    l = 0
    r = len(strr) - 1

    # first try to make palindrome
    while (l <= r):

        # Replace left and right character by
        # maximum of both
        if (strr[l] != strr[r]):
            palin[l] = palin[r] =
                   max(strr[l], strr[r])

            # print(strr[l],strr[r])
            k -= 1
        l += 1
        r -= 1

    # If k is negative then we can't make
    # palindrome
    if (k < 0):
        return "Not possible"

    l = 0
    r = len(strr) - 1

    while (l <= r):

        # At mid character, if K>0 then change
        # it to 9
        if (l == r):
            if (k > 0):
                palin[l] = '9'

        # If character at lth (same as rth) is
        # less than 9
        if (palin[l] < '9'):

            # If none of them is changed in the
            # previous loop then subtract 2 from K
            # and convert both to 9
            if (k >= 2 and palin[l] == strr[l] and
                           palin[r] == strr[r]):
                k -= 2
                palin[l] = palin[r] = '9'

            # If one of them is changed in the previous
            # loop then subtract 1 from K (1 more is
            # subtracted already) and make them 9
            elif (k >= 1 and (palin[l] != strr[l] or
                              palin[r] != strr[r])):
                k -= 1
                palin[l] = palin[r] = '9'

        l += 1
        r -= 1

    return palin


# Driver code
st = "43435"
strr = [i for i in st]
k = 3
a = maximumPalinUsingKChanges(strr, k)
print("".join(a))

# This code is contributed by mohit kumar 29

C#

// C# program to get largest palindrome changing
// atmost K digits

using System;
public class GFG {

  // Returns maximum possible
  // palindrome using k changes
  static String maximumPalinUsingKChanges(String str,
                                          int k)
  {
    char[] palin = str.ToCharArray();
    String ans = "";

    // Initialize l and r by leftmost and
    // rightmost ends
    int l = 0;
    int r = str.Length - 1;

    // First try to make String palindrome
    while (l < r) {

      // Replace left and right character by
      // maximum of both
      if (str[l] != str[r]) {
        palin[l] = palin[r]
          = (char)Math.Max(str[l], str[r]);
        k--;
      }
      l++;
      r--;
    }

    // If k is negative then we can't make
    // String palindrome
    if (k < 0) {
      return "Not possible";
    }

    l = 0;
    r = str.Length - 1;

    while (l <= r) {

      // At mid character, if K>0 then change
      // it to 9
      if (l == r) {
        if (k > 0) {
          palin[l] = '9';
        }
      }

      // If character at lth (same as rth) is
      // less than 9
      if (palin[l] < '9') {

        /* If none of them is changed in the
        previous loop then subtract 2 from K
        and convert both to 9 */
        if (k >= 2 && palin[l] == str[l]
            && palin[r] == str[r]) {
          k -= 2;
          palin[l] = palin[r] = '9';
        }

        /* If one of them is changed in the
        previous loop then subtract 1 from K (1 more
        is subtracted already) and make them 9 */
        else if (k >= 1
                 && (palin[l] != str[l]
                     || palin[r] != str[r])) {
          k--;
          palin[l] = palin[r] = '9';
        }
      }
      l++;
      r--;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < palin.Length; i++)
      ans += palin[i];
    return ans;
  }

  // Driver code to test above methods
  public static void Main()
  {
    String str = "43435";
    int k = 3;
    Console.Write(maximumPalinUsingKChanges(str, k));
  }
}
// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji

Javascript

<script>
// Javascript program to get largest palindrome changing
// atmost K digits

// Returns maximum possible
  // palindrome using k changes
function maximumPalinUsingKChanges(str,k)
{
    let palin = str.split("");
    let ans = "";

    // Initialize l and r by leftmost and
    // rightmost ends
    let l = 0;
    let r = str.length - 1;

    // First try to make String palindrome
    while (l < r) {

      // Replace left and right character by
      // maximum of both
      if (str[l] != str[r]) {
        palin[l] = palin[r] = String.fromCharCode(Math.max(
          str.charAt(l), str.charAt(r)));
        k--;
      }
      l++;
      r--;
    }

    // If k is negative then we can't make
    // String palindrome
    if (k < 0) {
      return "Not possible";
    }

    l = 0;
    r = str.length - 1;

    while (l <= r) {

      // At mid character, if K>0 then change
      // it to 9
      if (l == r) {
        if (k > 0) {
          palin[l] = '9';
        }
      }

      // If character at lth (same as rth) is
      // less than 9
      if (palin[l] < '9') {

        /* If none of them is changed in the
            previous loop then subtract 2 from K
            and convert both to 9 */
        if (k >= 2 && palin[l] == str[l]
            && palin[r] == str[r]) {
          k -= 2;
          palin[l] = palin[r] = '9';
        }

        /* If one of them is changed in the
        previous loop then subtract
        1 from K (1 more
        is subtracted already) and make them 9 */
        else if (k >= 1
                 && (palin[l] != str[l]
                     || palin[r]
                     != str[r])) {
          k--;
          palin[l] = palin[r] = '9';
        }
      }
      l++;
      r--;
    }
    for (let i = 0; i < palin.length; i++)
      ans += palin[i];
    return ans;
}

// Driver code to test above methods
let str = "43435";
let k = 3;
document.write(maximumPalinUsingKChanges(str, k));


// This code is contributed by unknown2108
</script>

Output

93939

Time complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space: O(n) because it is using extra space for creating array and string

Approach 2: Using Greedy Algorithm

In this approach, we start by comparing the digits on the opposite ends of the given string. If they are equal, we move towards the center of the string. If they are not equal, we replace the smaller digit with the larger one to make the string a palindrome. We count the number of such replacements and stop when the number of replacements exceeds K or the string becomes a palindrome. If the number of replacements is less than K, we continue replacing digits with the largest ones until we reach the center of the string.

Here is the C++ code for this approach:

C++

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

string makePalindrome(string s, int k) {
    int n = s.length();
    int replacements = 0;
    for (int i = 0, j = n - 1; i < j; i++, j--) {
        if (s[i] != s[j]) {
            if (s[i] > s[j]) {
                s[j] = s[i];
            } else {
                s[i] = s[j];
            }
            replacements++;
            if (replacements > k) {
                return "-1";
            }
        }
    }
    for (int i = 0, j = n - 1; i <= j; i++, j--) {
        if (i == j && replacements < k) {
            s[i] = '9';
        }
        if (s[i] != '9') {
            if (replacements < k && (i == 0 || i == j)) {
                s[i] = s[j] = '9';
                replacements++;
            } else if (replacements <= k - 2) {
                s[i] = s[j] = '9';
                replacements += 2;
            }
        }
    }
    return s;
}

int main() {
    string s = "43435";
    int k=3;

    cout << makePalindrome(s, k) << endl;
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java code to make the largest palindrome

import java.util.*;

class Main {
    public static String makePalindrome(String s, int k) {
        int n = s.length();
        int replacements = 0;
        char[] arr = s.toCharArray();
        for (int i = 0, j = n - 1; i < j; i++, j--) {
            if (arr[i] != arr[j]) {
                if (arr[i] > arr[j]) {
                    arr[j] = arr[i];
                } else {
                    arr[i] = arr[j];
                }
                replacements++;
                if (replacements > k) {
                    return "-1";
                }
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0, j = n - 1; i <= j; i++, j--) {
            if (i == j && replacements < k) {
                arr[i] = '9';
            }
            if (arr[i] != '9') {
                if (replacements < k && (i == 0 || i == j)) {
                    arr[i] = arr[j] = '9';
                    replacements++;
                } else if (replacements <= k - 2) {
                    arr[i] = arr[j] = '9';
                    replacements += 2;
                }
            }
        }
        return new String(arr);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String s = "43435";
        int k=3;

        System.out.println(makePalindrome(s, k));
    }
}

Python3

# Python program for the above approach

# Function to make the string palindromic
# by atmost K operations
def make_palindrome(s, k):
    n = len(s)
    replacements = 0
    s = list(s)

    # Iterate over the range [0, N/2]
    for i in range(n//2):
        j = n - i - 1
        if s[i] != s[j]:
            if s[i] > s[j]:
                s[j] = s[i]
            else:
                s[i] = s[j]
            replacements += 1

            # If replacement is not possible
            if replacements > k:
                return "-1"

    for i in range(n//2):
        j = n - i - 1
        if s[i] != '9':
            if replacements < k and (i == 0 or i == j):
                s[i] = s[j] = '9'
                replacements += 1
            elif replacements <= k - 2:
                s[i] = s[j] = '9'
                replacements += 2
    if n % 2 != 0 and replacements < k:
        s[n//2] = '9'

    # Return the resultant string
    return "".join(s)


# Driver Code
S = "43435"
K = 3

print(make_palindrome(S, K))

C#

using System;
class GFG {
    // Function to create the largest palindrome with given
    // replacements
    public static string MakePalindrome(string s, int k)
    {
        // Initialization
        int n = s.Length;
        int replacements = 0;
        char[] arr = s.ToCharArray();

        // Iterate from the start and end of the string
        for (int i = 0, j = n - 1; i < j; i++, j--) {
            // Replace characters if needed
            if (arr[i] != arr[j]) {
                if (arr[i] > arr[j]) {
                    arr[j] = arr[i];
                }
                else {
                    arr[i] = arr[j];
                }
                replacements++;
                // Check if replacements exceed the limit
                if (replacements > k) {
                    return "-1";
                }
            }
        }

        // Iterate to handle remaining replacements
        for (int i = 0, j = n - 1; i <= j; i++, j--) {
            // Handle middle element if applicable
            if (i == j && replacements < k) {
                arr[i] = '9';
            }

            // Replace other elements with '9'
            if (arr[i] != '9') {
                if (replacements < k
                    && (i == 0 || i == j)) {
                    arr[i] = arr[j] = '9';
                    replacements++;
                }
                else if (replacements <= k - 2) {
                    arr[i] = arr[j] = '9';
                    replacements += 2;
                }
            }
        }

        // Return the resulting palindrome
        return new string(arr);
    }

    // Main method to demonstrate the function
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // Sample input
        string s = "43435";
        int k = 3;

        // Output the result
        Console.WriteLine(MakePalindrome(s, k));
    }
}

Javascript

// function to make largest palindrome
function makePalindrome(s, k) {
  let n = s.length;
  let replacements = 0;

  // Make the string a palindrome by making minimal character replacements
  for (let i = 0, j = n - 1; i < j; i++, j--) {
    if (s[i] != s[j]) {
      if (s[i] > s[j]) {
        s = s.substring(0, j) + s[i] + s.substring(j + 1);
      } else {
        s = s.substring(0, i) + s[j] + s.substring(i + 1);
      }
      replacements++;
      if (replacements > k) {
        return "-1";
      }
    }
  }

  // Replace remaining characters with 9
  for (let i = 0, j = n - 1; i <= j; i++, j--) {
    if (i == j && replacements < k) {
      s = s.substring(0, i) + "9" + s.substring(i + 1);
    }
    if (s[i] != "9") {
      if (replacements < k && (i == 0 || i == j)) {
        s = s.substring(0, i) + "9" + s.substring(i + 1);
        s = s.substring(0, j) + "9" + s.substring(j + 1);
        replacements++;
      } else if (replacements <= k - 2) {
        s = s.substring(0, i) + "9" + s.substring(i + 1);
        s = s.substring(0, j) + "9" + s.substring(j + 1);
        replacements += 2;
      }
    }
  }
    // return the maximum lenght palindrome
  return s;
}

// driver code to test above function
let s = "43435";
let k = 3;

// function call
console.log(makePalindrome(s, k));

Output

93939

The time complexity of the first approach is O(N^2), where N is the length of the string, because we are using two nested loops to compare every pair of characters in the string. 

The space complexity is O(N), because we are creating a new string of length N to store the modified palindrome.

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