Lucky alive person in a circle | Set - 2

Lucky alive person in a circle | Set – 2

Difficulty Level : Easy
Last Updated : 06 Jun, 2021

Given that N person (numbered 1 to N) standing as to form a circle. They all have the gun in their hand which is pointed to their leftmost Partner.

Every one shoots such that 1 shoot 2, 3 shoots 4, 5 shoots 6 …. (N-1)the shoot N (if N is even otherwise N shoots 1).
Again on the second iteration, they shoot the rest of remains as above mentioned logic (now for n as even, 1 will shoot to 3, 5 will shoot to 7 and so on).

The task is to find which person is the luckiest(didn’t die)?

Examples:

Input: N = 3
Output: 3
As N = 3 then 1 will shoot 2, 3 will shoot 1 hence 3 is the luckiest person.

Input: N = 8
Output: 1
Here as N = 8, 1 will shoot 1, 3 will shoot 4, 5 will shoot 6, 7 will shoot 8, Again 1 will shoot 3, 5 will shoot 7, Again 1 will shoot 5 and hence 1 is the luckiest person.

This problem has already been discussed in Lucky alive person in a circle | Code Solution to sword puzzle. In this post, a different approach is discussed.

Approach:

Take the Binary Equivalent of N.
Find its 1’s compliment and convert its equal decimal number N`.
find |N – N`|.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ implementation of the above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to convert string to number
int stringToNum(string s)
{
 
    // object from the class stringstream
    stringstream geek(s);
 
    // The object has the value 12345 and stream
    // it to the integer x
    int x = 0;
    geek >> x;
 
    return x;
}
 
// Function to convert binary to decimal
int binaryToDecimal(string n)
{
    int num = stringToNum(n);
    int dec_value = 0;
 
    // Initializing base value to 1, i.e 2^0
    int base = 1;
 
    int temp = num;
    while (temp) {
        int last_digit = temp % 10;
        temp = temp / 10;
 
        dec_value += last_digit * base;
 
        base = base * 2;
    }
 
    return dec_value;
}
 
string itoa(int num, string str, int base)
{
    int i = 0;
    bool isNegative = false;
 
    /* Handle 0 explicitly, otherwise
    empty string is printed for 0 */
    if (num == 0) {
        str[i++] = '0';
        return str;
    }
 
    // In standard itoa(), negative numbers
    // are handled only with base 10.
    // Otherwise numbers are considered unsigned.
    if (num < 0 && base == 10) {
        isNegative = true;
        num = -num;
    }
 
    // Process individual digits
    while (num != 0) {
        int rem = num % base;
        str[i++] = (rem > 9) ? (rem - 10) + 'a' : rem + '0';
        num = num / base;
    }
 
    // If the number is negative, append '-'
    if (isNegative)
        str[i++] = '-';
 
    // Reverse the string
    reverse(str.begin(), str.end());
 
    return str;
}
 
char flip(char c)
{
    return (c == '0') ? '1' : '0';
}
 
// Function to find the ones complement
string onesComplement(string bin)
{
    int n = bin.length(), i;
 
    string ones = "";
 
    // for ones complement flip every bit
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        ones += flip(bin[i]);
 
    return ones;
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    // Taking the number of a person
    // standing in a circle.
    int N = 3;
    string arr = "";
 
    // Storing the binary equivalent in a string.
    string ans(itoa(N, arr, 2));
 
    // taking one's compelement and
    // convert it to decimal value
    int N_dash = binaryToDecimal(onesComplement(ans));
 
    int luckiest_person = N - N_dash;
 
    cout << luckiest_person;
 
    return 0;
}

Output:

Alternate Shorter Implementation :
The approach used here is same.

C++

// C++ implementation of the above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
int luckiest_person(int n)
{
    // to calculate the number of bits in
    // the binary equivalent of n
    int len = log2(n) + 1;
 
    // Finding complement by inverting the
    // bits one by one from last
    int n2 = n;
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 
        // XOR of n2 with (1<<i) to flip
        // the last (i+1)th bit of binary equivalent of n2
        n2 = n2 ^ (1 << i);
    }
 
    // n2 will be the one's complement of n
    return abs(n - n2);
}
int main()
{
    int N = 3;
    int lucky_p = luckiest_person(N);
    cout << lucky_p;
 
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java implementation of the above approach
import java.io.*;
 
class GFG{
 
static int luckiest_person(int n)
{
     
    // To calculate the number of bits in
    // the binary equivalent of n
    int len = (int)(Math.log(n) / Math.log(2)) + 1;
 
    // Finding complement by inverting the
    // bits one by one from last
    int n2 = n;
    for(int i = 0; i < len; i++)
    {
         
        // XOR of n2 with (1<<i) to flip the last
        // (i+1)th bit of binary equivalent of n2
        n2 = n2 ^ (1 << i);
    }
 
    // n2 will be the one's complement of n
    return Math.abs(n - n2);
}
 
// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int N = 3;
    int lucky_p = luckiest_person(N);
     
    System.out.println(lucky_p);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by rishavmahato348

Output:

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