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Longest Increasing Path in Matrix

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Given a matrix of N rows and M columns. From m[i][j], we can move to m[i+1][j], if m[i+1][j] > m[i][j], or can move to m[i][j+1] if m[i][j+1] > m[i][j]. The task is print longest path length if we start from (0, 0).

Examples: 

Input : N = 4, M = 4
        m[][] = { { 1, 2, 3, 4 },
                  { 2, 2, 3, 4 },
                  { 3, 2, 3, 4 },
                  { 4, 5, 6, 7 } };
Output : 7
Longest path is 1 2 3 4 5 6 7.

Input : N = 2, M =2
        m[][] = { { 1, 2 },
                  { 3, 4 } };
Output :3
Longest path is either 1 2 4 or 
1 3 4.

The idea is to use dynamic programming. Maintain the 2D matrix, dp[][], where dp[i][j] store the value of the length of the longest increasing sequence for submatrix starting from the ith row and jth column. 

Let the longest increasing sub sequence values for m[i+1][j] and m[i][j+1] be known already as v1 and v2 respectively. Then the value for m[i][j] will be max(v1, v2) + 1. 
We can start from m[n-1][m-1] as the base case with the length of longest increasing subsequence be 1, moving upwards and leftwards updating the value of cells. Then the LIP value for cell m[0][0] will be the answer. 

Below is the implementation of this approach: 

C++




// CPP program to find longest increasing
// path in a matrix.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define MAX 10
using namespace std;
 
// Return the length of LIP in 2D matrix
int LIP(int dp[][MAX], int mat[][MAX], int n, int m, int x, int y)
{
    // If value not calculated yet.
    if (dp[x][y] < 0) {
        int result = 0;
 
        // If reach bottom right cell, return 1.
        if (x == n - 1 && y == m - 1)
            return dp[x][y] = 1;
 
        // If reach the corner of the matrix.
        if (x == n - 1 || y == m - 1)
            result = 1;
 
        // If value greater than below cell.
        if(x != n-1) // x reaches last row
         if (mat[x][y] < mat[x + 1][y])
             result = 1 + LIP(dp, mat, n, m, x + 1, y);
 
        // If value greater than left cell.
        if(y != m-1) // y reaches last column
         if (mat[x][y] < mat[x][y + 1])
             result = max(result, 1 + LIP(dp, mat, n, m, x, y + 1));
 
        dp[x][y] = result;
    }
 
    return dp[x][y];
}
 
// Wrapper function
int wrapper(int mat[][MAX], int n, int m)
{
    int dp[MAX][MAX];
    memset(dp, -1, sizeof dp);
 
    return LIP(dp, mat, n, m, 0, 0);
}
 
// Driven Program
int main()
{
    int mat[][MAX] = {
        { 1, 2, 3, 4 },
        { 2, 2, 3, 4 },
        { 3, 2, 3, 4 },
        { 4, 5, 6, 7 },
    };
    int n = 4, m = 4;
    cout << wrapper(mat, n, m) << endl;
 
    return 0;
}


Java




// Java program to find longest increasing
// path in a matrix.
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG {
 
    // Return the length of LIP in 2D matrix
    static int LIP(int dp[][], int mat[][], int n,
                   int m, int x, int y)
    {
        // If value not calculated yet.
        if (dp[x][y] < 0) {
            int result = 0;
 
             // If reach bottom right cell, return 1.
            if (x == n - 1 && y == m - 1)
                return dp[x][y] = 1;
 
            // If reach the corner of the matrix.
            if (x == n - 1 || y == m - 1)
                result = 1;
 
            // If value greater than below cell.
            if (x + 1 < n && mat[x][y] < mat[x + 1][y])
                result = 1 + LIP(dp, mat, n, m, x + 1, y);
 
            // If value greater than left cell.
            if (y + 1 < m && mat[x][y] < mat[x][y + 1])
                result = Math.max(result, 1 + LIP(dp, mat, n, m, x, y + 1));
 
            dp[x][y] = result;
        }
 
        return dp[x][y];
    }
 
    // Wrapper function
    static int wrapper(int mat[][], int n, int m)
    {
        int dp[][] = new int[10][10];
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
            Arrays.fill(dp[i], -1);
 
        return LIP(dp, mat, n, m, 0, 0);
    }
 
    /* Driver program to test above function */
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int mat[][] = {
            { 1, 2, 3, 4 },
            { 2, 2, 3, 4 },
            { 3, 2, 3, 4 },
            { 4, 5, 6, 7 },
        };
        int n = 4, m = 4;
        System.out.println(wrapper(mat, n, m));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Arnav Kr. Mandal.


Python3




# Python3 program to find longest
# increasing path in a matrix.
MAX = 20
 
# Return the length of
# LIP in 2D matrix
def LIP(dp, mat, n, m, x, y):
     
    # If value not calculated yet.
    if (dp[x][y] < 0):
        result = 0
         
        #  // If reach bottom right cell, return 1
        if (x == n - 1 and y == m - 1):
            dp[x][y] = 1
            return dp[x][y]
 
        # If reach the corner
        # of the matrix.
        if (x == n - 1 or y == m - 1):
            result = 1
 
        # If value greater than below cell.
        if (x + 1 < n and mat[x][y] < mat[x + 1][y]):
            result = 1 + LIP(dp, mat, n,
                            m, x + 1, y)
 
        # If value greater than left cell.
        if (y + 1 < m and mat[x][y] < mat[x][y + 1]):
            result = max(result, 1 + LIP(dp, mat, n,
                                        m, x, y + 1))
        dp[x][y] = result
    return dp[x][y]
 
# Wrapper function
def wrapper(mat, n, m):
    dp = [[-1 for i in range(MAX)]
            for i in range(MAX)]
    return LIP(dp, mat, n, m, 0, 0)
 
# Driver Code
mat = [[1, 2, 3, 4 ],
    [2, 2, 3, 4 ],
    [3, 2, 3, 4 ],
    [4, 5, 6, 7 ]]
n = 4
m = 4
print(wrapper(mat, n, m))
 
# This code is contributed
# by Sahil Shelangia


C#




// C# program to find longest increasing
// path in a matrix.
using System;
 
public class GFG {
 
    // Return the length of LIP in 2D matrix
    static int LIP(int[, ] dp, int[, ] mat, int n,
                   int m, int x, int y)
    {
        // If value not calculated yet.
        if (dp[x, y] < 0) {
            int result = 0;
 
            // If reach bottom right cell, return 1.
            if (x == n - 1 && y == m - 1)
                return dp[x, y] = 1;
 
            // If reach the corner of the matrix.
            if (x == n - 1 || y == m - 1)
                result = 1;
 
            // If value greater than below cell.
            if (x + 1 < n && mat[x, y] < mat[x + 1, y])
                result = 1 + LIP(dp, mat, n, m, x + 1, y);
 
            // If value greater than left cell.
            if (y + 1 < m && mat[x, y] < mat[x, y + 1])
                result = Math.Max(result, 1 + LIP(dp, mat, n, m, x, y + 1));
 
            dp[x, y] = result;
        }
 
        return dp[x, y];
    }
 
    // Wrapper function
    static int wrapper(int[, ] mat, int n, int m)
    {
        int[, ] dp = new int[10, 10];
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
                dp[i, j] = -1;
            }
        }
 
        return LIP(dp, mat, n, m, 0, 0);
    }
 
    /* Driver code */
    public static void Main()
    {
        int[, ] mat = {
            { 1, 2, 3, 4 },
            { 2, 2, 3, 4 },
            { 3, 2, 3, 4 },
            { 4, 5, 6, 7 },
        };
        int n = 4, m = 4;
        Console.WriteLine(wrapper(mat, n, m));
    }
}
 
/* This code contributed by PrinciRaj1992 */


Javascript




<script>
    // Javascript program to find longest increasing path in a matrix.
     
    // Return the length of LIP in 2D matrix
    function LIP(dp, mat, n, m, x, y)
    {
        // If value not calculated yet.
        if (dp[x][y] < 0) {
            let result = 0;
   
            // If reach bottom right cell, return 1.
            if (x == n - 1 && y == m - 1)
                return dp[x][y] = 1;
   
            // If reach the corner of the matrix.
            if (x == n - 1 || y == m - 1)
                result = 1;
   
            // If value greater than below cell.
            if (x + 1 < n && mat[x][y] < mat[x + 1][y])
                result = 1 + LIP(dp, mat, n, m, x + 1, y);
   
            // If value greater than left cell.
            if (y + 1 < m && mat[x][y] < mat[x][y + 1])
                result = Math.max(result, 1 + LIP(dp, mat, n, m, x, y + 1));
   
            dp[x][y] = result;
        }
   
        return dp[x][y];
    }
   
    // Wrapper function
    function wrapper(mat, n, m)
    {
        let dp = new Array(10);
        for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++)
        {
            dp[i] = new Array(10);
            for (let j = 0; j < 10; j++)
            {
                dp[i][j] = -1;
            }
        }
   
        return LIP(dp, mat, n, m, 0, 0);
    }
     
    let mat = [
            [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ],
            [ 2, 2, 3, 4 ],
            [ 3, 2, 3, 4 ],
            [ 4, 5, 6, 7 ],
        ];
    let n = 4, m = 4;
    document.write(wrapper(mat, n, m));
     
</script>


Output

7

Time Complexity: O(N*M).
Space Complexity: O(N*M)

 



Last Updated : 19 Jul, 2022
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