list back() function in C++ STL
The list::back() function in C++ STL returns a direct reference to the last element in the list container. This function is different from the list::end() function as the end() function returns only the iterator to the last element.
Syntax:
list_name.back()
Parameters: This function does not accepts any parameter.
Return Value: This function returns a direct reference to the last element in the list container demo_list.
Exception: There is as no such exception in this function but calling this function on an empty list container creates an undefined behavior in C++.
Below program illustrates the list::back() function.
// CPP program to illustrate the// list::assign() function#include <bits/stdc++.h>using namespace std; int main(){ // Initialization of list list<int> demo_list; // Adding elements to the list demo_list.push_back(10); demo_list.push_back(20); demo_list.push_back(30); // prints the last element of demo_list cout << demo_list.back(); return 0;} |
Output:
30
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