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Level with maximum number of nodes using DFS in a N-ary tree

Given a N-ary tree, the task is to print the level with the maximum number of nodes. 

Examples: 

Input : For example, consider the following tree
          1               - Level 1
       /     \
      2       3           - Level 2
    /   \       \
   4     5       6        - Level 3
        /  \     /
       7    8   9         - Level 4


Output : Level-3 and Level-4

Approach:

Below is the implementation of the above approach. 




// C++ program to print the level
// with maximum number of nodes
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function for DFS in a tree
void dfs(int node, int parent, int height[], int vis[],
         vector<int> tree[])
{
    // calculate the level of every node
    height[node] = 1 + height[parent];
 
    // mark every node as visited
    vis[node] = 1;
 
    // iterate in the subtree
    for (auto it : tree[node]) {
 
        // if the node is not visited
        if (!vis[it]) {
 
            // call the dfs function
            dfs(it, node, height, vis, tree);
        }
    }
}
 
// Function to insert edges
void insertEdges(int x, int y, vector<int> tree[])
{
    tree[x].push_back(y);
    tree[y].push_back(x);
}
 
// Function to print all levels
void printLevelswithMaximumNodes(int N, int vis[], int height[])
{
    int mark[N + 1];
    memset(mark, 0, sizeof mark);
 
    int maxLevel = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
 
        // count number of nodes
        // in every level
        if (vis[i])
            mark[height[i]]++;
 
        // find the maximum height of tree
        maxLevel = max(height[i], maxLevel);
    }
 
    int maxi = 0;
 
    for (int i = 1; i <= maxLevel; i++) {
        maxi = max(mark[i], maxi);
    }
 
    // print even number of nodes
    cout << "The levels with maximum number of nodes are: ";
    for (int i = 1; i <= maxLevel; i++) {
        if (mark[i] == maxi)
            cout << i << " ";
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // Construct the tree
 
    /* 1
     /  \
    2    3
    / \   \
   4   5   6
      / \  /
     7   8 9  */
 
    const int N = 9;
 
    vector<int> tree[N + 1];
 
    insertEdges(1, 2, tree);
    insertEdges(1, 3, tree);
    insertEdges(2, 4, tree);
    insertEdges(2, 5, tree);
    insertEdges(5, 7, tree);
    insertEdges(5, 8, tree);
    insertEdges(3, 6, tree);
    insertEdges(6, 9, tree);
 
    int height[N + 1];
    int vis[N + 1] = { 0 };
 
    height[0] = 0;
 
    // call the dfs function
    dfs(1, 0, height, vis, tree);
 
    // Function to print
    printLevelswithMaximumNodes(N, vis, height);
 
    return 0;
}




// Java program to print the level
// with maximum number of nodes
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG
{
    static int N = 9;
 
// Function for DFS in a tree
static void dfs(int node, int parent, int height[], int vis[],
        Vector<Integer> tree[])
{
    // calculate the level of every node
    height[node] = 1 + height[parent];
 
    // mark every node as visited
    vis[node] = 1;
 
    // iterate in the subtree
    for (int it : tree[node])
    {
 
        // if the node is not visited
        if (vis[it] != 1)
        {
 
            // call the dfs function
            dfs(it, node, height, vis, tree);
        }
    }
}
 
// Function to insert edges
static void insertEdges(int x, int y, Vector<Integer> tree[])
{
    tree[x].add(y);
    tree[y].add(x);
}
 
// Function to print all levels
static void printLevelswithMaximumNodes(int N, int vis[], int height[])
{
    int []mark = new int[N + 1];
 
    int maxLevel = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
 
        // count number of nodes
        // in every level
        if (vis[i] == 1)
            mark[height[i]]++;
 
        // find the maximum height of tree
        maxLevel = Math.max(height[i], maxLevel);
    }
 
    int maxi = 0;
 
    for (int i = 1; i <= maxLevel; i++)
    {
        maxi = Math.max(mark[i], maxi);
    }
 
    // print even number of nodes
    System.out.print("The levels with maximum number of nodes are: ");
    for (int i = 1; i <= maxLevel; i++)
    {
        if (mark[i] == maxi)
            System.out.print(i+ " ");
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    // Construct the tree
 
    /* 1
    / \
    2 3
    / \ \
4 5 6
    / \ /
    7 8 9 */
 
     
 
    Vector<Integer> []tree = new Vector[N + 1];
    for(int i= 0; i < N + 1; i++)
        tree[i] = new Vector<Integer>();
    insertEdges(1, 2, tree);
    insertEdges(1, 3, tree);
    insertEdges(2, 4, tree);
    insertEdges(2, 5, tree);
    insertEdges(5, 7, tree);
    insertEdges(5, 8, tree);
    insertEdges(3, 6, tree);
    insertEdges(6, 9, tree);
 
    int height[] = new int[N + 1];
    int vis[] = new int[N + 1];
 
    height[0] = 0;
 
    // call the dfs function
    dfs(1, 0, height, vis, tree);
 
    // Function to print
    printLevelswithMaximumNodes(N, vis, height);
 
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar




# Python3 program to print the level
# with the maximum number of nodes
 
# Function for DFS in a tree
def dfs(node, parent, height, vis, tree):
 
    # calculate the level of every node
    height[node] = 1 + height[parent]
 
    # mark every node as visited
    vis[node] = 1
 
    # iterate in the subtree
    for it in tree[node]:
 
        # if the node is not visited
        if vis[it] == 0:
 
            # call the dfs function
            dfs(it, node, height, vis, tree)
         
# Function to insert edges
def insertEdges(x, y, tree):
 
    tree[x].append(y)
    tree[y].append(x)
 
# Function to print all levels
def printLevelswithMaximumNodes(N, vis, height):
 
    mark = [0] * (N + 1)
 
    maxLevel = 0
    for i in range (1, N + 1):
 
        # count number of nodes
        # in every level
        if vis[i] == 1:
            mark[height[i]] += 1
 
        # find the maximum height of tree
        maxLevel = max(height[i], maxLevel)
     
    maxi = 0
 
    for i in range(1, maxLevel + 1):
        maxi = max(mark[i], maxi)
     
    # print even number of nodes
    print("The levels with maximum number",
                "of nodes are:", end = " ")
    for i in range(1, maxLevel + 1):
        if mark[i] == maxi:
            print(i, end = " ")
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == "__main__":
     
    # Construct the tree
    N = 9
 
    # Create an empty 2-D list
    tree = [[] for i in range(N + 1)]
 
    insertEdges(1, 2, tree)
    insertEdges(1, 3, tree)
    insertEdges(2, 4, tree)
    insertEdges(2, 5, tree)
    insertEdges(5, 7, tree)
    insertEdges(5, 8, tree)
    insertEdges(3, 6, tree)
    insertEdges(6, 9, tree)
 
    height = [None] * (N + 1)
    vis = [0] * (N + 1)
 
    height[0] = 0
 
    # call the dfs function
    dfs(1, 0, height, vis, tree)
 
    # Function to print
    printLevelswithMaximumNodes(N, vis, height)
     
# This code is contributed
# by Rituraj Jain




// C# program to print the level
// with maximum number of nodes
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
public class GFG
{
    static int N = 9;
  
// Function for DFS in a tree
static void dfs(int node, int parent, int []height, int []vis,
        List<int> []tree)
{
    // calculate the level of every node
    height[node] = 1 + height[parent];
  
    // mark every node as visited
    vis[node] = 1;
  
    // iterate in the subtree
    foreach (int it in tree[node])
    {
  
        // if the node is not visited
        if (vis[it] != 1)
        {
  
            // call the dfs function
            dfs(it, node, height, vis, tree);
        }
    }
}
  
// Function to insert edges
static void insertEdges(int x, int y, List<int> []tree)
{
    tree[x].Add(y);
    tree[y].Add(x);
}
  
// Function to print all levels
static void printLevelswithMaximumNodes(int N, int []vis, int []height)
{
    int []mark = new int[N + 1];
  
    int maxLevel = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
  
        // count number of nodes
        // in every level
        if (vis[i] == 1)
            mark[height[i]]++;
  
        // find the maximum height of tree
        maxLevel = Math.Max(height[i], maxLevel);
    }
  
    int maxi = 0;
  
    for (int i = 1; i <= maxLevel; i++)
    {
        maxi = Math.Max(mark[i], maxi);
    }
  
    // print even number of nodes
    Console.Write("The levels with maximum number of nodes are: ");
    for (int i = 1; i <= maxLevel; i++)
    {
        if (mark[i] == maxi)
            Console.Write(i+ " ");
    }
}
  
// Driver Code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
    // Construct the tree
  
    /* 1
    / \
    2 3
    / \ \
4 5 6
    / \ /
    7 8 9 */
  
      
  
    List<int> []tree = new List<int>[N + 1];
    for(int i= 0; i < N + 1; i++)
        tree[i] = new List<int>();
    insertEdges(1, 2, tree);
    insertEdges(1, 3, tree);
    insertEdges(2, 4, tree);
    insertEdges(2, 5, tree);
    insertEdges(5, 7, tree);
    insertEdges(5, 8, tree);
    insertEdges(3, 6, tree);
    insertEdges(6, 9, tree);
  
    int []height = new int[N + 1];
    int []vis = new int[N + 1];
  
    height[0] = 0;
  
    // call the dfs function
    dfs(1, 0, height, vis, tree);
  
    // Function to print
    printLevelswithMaximumNodes(N, vis, height);
  
}
}
  
 
// This code contributed by Rajput-Ji




<script>
 
    // JavaScript program to print the level
    // with maximum number of nodes
     
    let N = 9;
     
    let tree = new Array(N + 1);
   
      let height = new Array(N + 1);
    height.fill(0);
    let vis = new Array(N + 1);
    vis.fill(0);
     
    // Function for DFS in a tree
    function dfs(node, parent, tree)
    {
        // calculate the level of every node
        height[node] = 1 + height[parent];
 
        // mark every node as visited
        vis[node] = 1;
 
        // iterate in the subtree
        for (let it = 0; it < tree[node].length; it++)
        {
 
            // if the node is not visited
            if (vis[tree[node][it]] != 1)
            {
 
                // call the dfs function
                dfs(tree[node][it], node, tree);
            }
        }
    }
 
    // Function to insert edges
    function insertEdges(x, y, tree)
    {
        tree[x].push(y);
        tree[y].push(x);
    }
 
    // Function to print all levels
    function printLevelswithMaximumNodes(N)
    {
        let mark = new Array(N + 1);
        mark.fill(0);
 
        let maxLevel = 0;
        for (let i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
 
            // count number of nodes
            // in every level
            if (vis[i] == 1)
                mark[height[i]]++;
 
            // find the maximum height of tree
            maxLevel = Math.max(height[i], maxLevel);
        }
 
        let maxi = 0;
 
        for (let i = 1; i <= maxLevel; i++)
        {
            maxi = Math.max(mark[i], maxi);
        }
 
        // print even number of nodes
        document.write(
        "The levels with maximum number of nodes are: "
        );
        for (let i = 1; i <= maxLevel; i++)
        {
            if (mark[i] == maxi)
                document.write(i+ " ");
        }
    }
     
    // Construct the tree
   
    /* 1
    / \
    2 3
    / \ \
4 5 6
    / \ /
    7 8 9 */
   
    for(let i= 0; i < N + 1; i++)
    {
        tree[i] = [];
    }
    insertEdges(1, 2, tree);
    insertEdges(1, 3, tree);
    insertEdges(2, 4, tree);
    insertEdges(2, 5, tree);
    insertEdges(5, 7, tree);
    insertEdges(5, 8, tree);
    insertEdges(3, 6, tree);
    insertEdges(6, 9, tree);
   
    height[0] = 0;
   
    // call the dfs function
    dfs(1, 0, tree);
   
    // Function to print
    printLevelswithMaximumNodes(N);
 
</script>

Output
The levels with maximum number of nodes are: 3 4 

Complexity Analysis:


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