Least prime factor of numbers till n

Given a number n, print least prime factors of all numbers from 1 to n. The least prime factor of an integer n is the smallest prime number that divides the number. The least prime factor of all even numbers is 2. A prime number is its own least prime factor (as well as its own greatest prime factor).
Note: We need to print 1 for 1.
Example :

Input : 6
Output : Least Prime factor of 1: 1
         Least Prime factor of 2: 2
         Least Prime factor of 3: 3
         Least Prime factor of 4: 2
         Least Prime factor of 5: 5
         Least Prime factor of 6: 2

We can use a variation of sieve of Eratosthenes to solve the above problem. 

1. Create a list of consecutive integers from 2 through n: (2, 3, 4, …, n).
2. Initially, let i equal 2, the smallest prime number.
3. Enumerate the multiples of i by counting to n from 2i in increments of i, and mark them as having least prime factor as i (if not already marked). Also mark i as least prime factor of i (i itself is a prime number).
4. Find the first number greater than i in the list that is not marked. If there was no such number, stop. Otherwise, let i now equal this new number (which is the next prime), and repeat from step 3.

Below is the implementation of the algorithm, where least_prime[] saves the value of the least prime factor corresponding to the respective index.

C++

// C++ program to print the least prime factors
// of numbers less than or equal to
// n using modified Sieve of Eratosthenes
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

void leastPrimeFactor(int n)
{
    // Create a vector to store least primes.
    // Initialize all entries as 0.
    vector<int> least_prime(n+1, 0);

    // We need to print 1 for 1.
    least_prime[1] = 1;

    for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++)
    {
        // least_prime[i] == 0
        // means it i is prime
        if (least_prime[i] == 0)
        {
            // marking the prime number
            // as its own lpf
            least_prime[i] = i;

            // mark it as a divisor for all its
            // multiples if not already marked
            for (int j = i*i; j <= n; j += i)
                if (least_prime[j] == 0)
                   least_prime[j] = i;
        }
    }

    // print least prime factor of
    // of numbers till n
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        cout << "Least Prime factor of "
             << i << ": " << least_prime[i] << "\n";
}

// Driver program to test above function
int main()
{
    int n = 10;
    leastPrimeFactor(n);
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to print the least prime factors
// of numbers less than or equal to
// n using modified Sieve of Eratosthenes

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

class GFG
{
    public static void leastPrimeFactor(int n)
    {

        // Create a vector to store least primes.
        // Initialize all entries as 0.
        int[] least_prime = new int[n+1];

        // We need to print 1 for 1.
        least_prime[1] = 1;

        for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++)
        {

            // least_prime[i] == 0
            // means it i is prime
            if (least_prime[i] == 0)
            {

                // marking the prime number
                // as its own lpf
                least_prime[i] = i;

                // mark it as a divisor for all its
                // multiples if not already marked
                for (int j = i*i; j <= n; j += i)
                    if (least_prime[j] == 0)
                        least_prime[j] = i;
            }
        }

        // print least prime factor of
        // of numbers till n
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
            System.out.println("Least Prime factor of " +
                               + i + ": " + least_prime[i]);
    }
    public static void main (String[] args)
    {
        int n = 10;
        leastPrimeFactor(n);
    }
}

// Code Contributed by Mohit Gupta_OMG <(0_o)>

Python 3

# Python 3 program to print the
# least prime factors of numbers
# less than or equal to n using
# modified Sieve of Eratosthenes

def leastPrimeFactor(n) :

    # Create a vector to store least primes.
    # Initialize all entries as 0.
    least_prime = [0] * (n + 1)

    # We need to print 1 for 1.
    least_prime[1] = 1

    for i in range(2, n + 1) :

        # least_prime[i] == 0
        # means it i is prime
        if (least_prime[i] == 0) :

            # marking the prime number
            # as its own lpf
            least_prime[i] = i

            # mark it as a divisor for all its
            # multiples if not already marked
            for j in range(i * i, n + 1, i) :
                if (least_prime[j] == 0) :
                    least_prime[j] = i


    # print least prime factor
    # of numbers till n
    for i in range(1, n + 1) :
        print("Least Prime factor of "
              ,i , ": " , least_prime[i] )


# Driver program

n = 10
leastPrimeFactor(n)


# This code is contributed
# by Nikita Tiwari.

C#

// C# program to print the least prime factors
// of numbers less than or equal to
// n using modified Sieve of Eratosthenes
using System;

class GFG
{
    public static void leastPrimeFactor(int n)
    {
        // Create a vector to store least primes.
        // Initialize all entries as 0.
        int []least_prime = new int[n+1];

        // We need to print 1 for 1.
        least_prime[1] = 1;

        for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++)
        {
            // least_prime[i] == 0
            // means it i is prime
            if (least_prime[i] == 0)
            {
                // marking the prime number
                // as its own lpf
                least_prime[i] = i;

                // mark it as a divisor for all its
                // multiples if not already marked
                for (int j = i*i; j <= n; j += i)
                    if (least_prime[j] == 0)
                        least_prime[j] = i;
            }
        }

        // print least prime factor of
        // of numbers till n
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
            Console.WriteLine("Least Prime factor of " +
                               i + ": " + least_prime[i]);
    }

    // Driver code
    public static void Main ()
    {
        int n = 10;

        // Function calling
        leastPrimeFactor(n);
    }
}

// This code is contributed by Nitin Mittal

PHP

<?php
// PHP program to print the
// least prime factors of
// numbers less than or equal
// to n using modified Sieve
// of Eratosthenes

function leastPrimeFactor($n)
{
    // Create a vector to
    // store least primes.
    // Initialize all entries
    // as 0.
    $least_prime = array($n + 1);

    for ($i = 0;
         $i <= $n; $i++)
    $least_prime[$i] = 0;

    // We need to
    // print 1 for 1.
    $least_prime[1] = 1;

    for ($i = 2; $i <= $n; $i++)
    {
        // least_prime[i] == 0
        // means it i is prime
        if ($least_prime[$i] == 0)
        {
            // marking the prime
            // number as its own lpf
            $least_prime[$i] = $i;

            // mark it as a divisor
            // for all its multiples
            // if not already marked
            for ($j = $i * $i;
                 $j <= $n; $j += $i)
                if ($least_prime[$j] == 0)
                $least_prime[$j] = $i;
        }
    }

    // print least prime
    // factor of numbers
    // till n
    for ($i = 1; $i <= $n; $i++)
        echo "Least Prime factor of " .
                            $i . ": " .
               $least_prime[$i] . "\n";
}

// Driver Code
$n = 10;
leastPrimeFactor($n);

// This code is contributed
// by Sam007
?>

Javascript

<script>
// javascript program to print the least prime factors
// of numbers less than or equal to
// n using modified Sieve of Eratosthenes
function leastPrimeFactor( n)
{

    // Create a vector to store least primes.
    // Initialize all entries as 0.
    let least_prime = Array(n+1).fill(0);

    // We need to print 1 for 1.
    least_prime[1] = 1;

    for (let i = 2; i <= n; i++)
    {

        // least_prime[i] == 0
        // means it i is prime
        if (least_prime[i] == 0)
        {

            // marking the prime number
            // as its own lpf
            least_prime[i] = i;

            // mark it as a divisor for all its
            // multiples if not already marked
            for (let j = i*i; j <= n; j += i)
                if (least_prime[j] == 0)
                   least_prime[j] = i;
        }
    }

    // print least prime factor of
    // of numbers till n
    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++)
       document.write( "Least Prime factor of "
             + i + ": " + least_prime[i] + "<br/>");
}

// Driver program to test above function
    let n = 10;
    leastPrimeFactor(n);

// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji

</script>

Output

Least Prime factor of 1: 1
Least Prime factor of 2: 2
Least Prime factor of 3: 3
Least Prime factor of 4: 2
Least Prime factor of 5: 5
Least Prime factor of 6: 2
Least Prime factor of 7: 7
Least Prime factor of 8: 2
Least Prime factor of 9: 3
Least Prime factor of 10: 2

Time Complexity: O(n*log(n)) 
Auxiliary Space: O(n)
References:
1. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/sieve-of-eratosthenes/
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieve_of_Eratosthenes
3. https://oeis.org/wiki/Least_prime_factor_of_n
Exercise:
Can we extend this algorithm or use least_prime[] to find all the prime factors for numbers till n?
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