Given a number N, find the minimum number that needs to be added to or subtracted from N, to make it a perfect square. If the number is to be added, print it with a + sign, else if the number is to be subtracted, print it with a – sign.
Examples:
Input: N = 14
Output: 2
Nearest perfect square before 14 = 9
Nearest perfect square after 14 = 16
Therefore, 2 needs to be added to 14 to get the closest perfect square.Input: N = 18
Output: -2
Nearest perfect square before 18 = 16
Nearest perfect square after 18 = 25
Therefore, 2 needs to be subtracted from 18 to get the closest perfect square.
Approach:
- Get the number.
- Find the square root of the number and convert the result as an integer.
- After converting the double value to an integer, it will contain the root of the perfect square above N, i.e. floor(square root(N)).
- Then find the square of this number, which will be the perfect square before N.
- Find the root of the perfect square after N, i.e. the ceil(square root(N)).
- Then find the square of this number, which will be the perfect square after N.
- Check whether the square of floor value is nearest to N or the ceil value.
- If the square of floor value is nearest to N, print the difference with a -sign. Else print the difference between the square of the ceil value and N with a + sign.
Below is the implementation of the above approach:
// C++ implementation of the approach #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std;
// Function to return the Least number int nearest( int n)
{ // Get the perfect square
// before and after N
int prevSquare = sqrt (n);
int nextSquare = prevSquare + 1;
prevSquare = prevSquare * prevSquare;
nextSquare = nextSquare * nextSquare;
// Check which is nearest to N
int ans
= (n - prevSquare) < (nextSquare - n)
? (prevSquare - n)
: (nextSquare - n);
// return the result
return ans;
} // Driver code int main()
{ int n = 14;
cout << nearest(n) << endl;
n = 16;
cout << nearest(n) << endl;
n = 18;
cout << nearest(n) << endl;
return 0;
} |
// Java implementation of the approach class GFG {
// Function to return the Least number
static int nearest( int n)
{
// Get the perfect square
// before and after N
int prevSquare = ( int )Math.sqrt(n);
int nextSquare = prevSquare + 1 ;
prevSquare = prevSquare * prevSquare;
nextSquare = nextSquare * nextSquare;
// Check which is nearest to N
int ans = (n - prevSquare) < (nextSquare - n)? (prevSquare - n): (nextSquare - n);
// return the result
return ans;
}
// Driver code
public static void main (String[] args)
{
int n = 14 ;
System.out.println(nearest(n));
n = 16 ;
System.out.println(nearest(n)) ;
n = 18 ;
System.out.println(nearest(n)) ;
}
} // This code is contributed by AnkitRai01 |
# Python3 implementation of the approach from math import sqrt
# Function to return the Least number def nearest(n) :
# Get the perfect square
# before and after N
prevSquare = int (sqrt(n));
nextSquare = prevSquare + 1 ;
prevSquare = prevSquare * prevSquare;
nextSquare = nextSquare * nextSquare;
# Check which is nearest to N
ans = (prevSquare - n) if (n - prevSquare) < (nextSquare - n) else (nextSquare - n);
# return the result
return ans;
# Driver code if __name__ = = "__main__" :
n = 14 ;
print (nearest(n)) ;
n = 16 ;
print (nearest(n));
n = 18 ;
print (nearest(n));
# This code is contributed by AnkitRai01 |
// C# implementation of the approach using System;
class GFG {
// Function to return the Least number
static int nearest( int n)
{
// Get the perfect square
// before and after N
int prevSquare = ( int )Math.Sqrt(n);
int nextSquare = prevSquare + 1;
prevSquare = prevSquare * prevSquare;
nextSquare = nextSquare * nextSquare;
// Check which is nearest to N
int ans = (n - prevSquare) < (nextSquare - n)? (prevSquare - n): (nextSquare - n);
// return the result
return ans;
}
// Driver code
public static void Main ( string [] args)
{
int n = 14;
Console.WriteLine(nearest(n));
n = 16;
Console.WriteLine(nearest(n)) ;
n = 18;
Console.WriteLine(nearest(n)) ;
}
} // This code is contributed by AnkitRai01 |
<script> // Javascript implementation of the above approach // Function to return the Least number function nearest( n)
{ // Get the perfect square
// before and after N
var prevSquare = parseInt(Math.sqrt(n));
var nextSquare = prevSquare + 1;
prevSquare = prevSquare * prevSquare;
nextSquare = nextSquare * nextSquare;
// Check which is nearest to N
if ((n - prevSquare) < (nextSquare - n))
{
ans = parseInt((prevSquare - n));
}
else
ans = parseInt((nextSquare - n));
// return the result
return ans;
} var n = 14;
document.write( nearest(n) + "<br>" );
n = 16; document.write( nearest(n) + "<br>" );
n = 18; document.write( nearest(n) + "<br>" );
// This code is contributed by SoumikMondal </script> |
2 0 -2
Time Complexity: O(logn) as it is using inbuilt sqrt function
Auxiliary Space: O(1)