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Largest factor of a given number which is a perfect square

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Given a number N                  . The task is to find the largest factor of that number which is a perfect square.
Examples

Input : N = 420
Output : 4
Input : N = 100
Output : 100

A Simple Solution is to traverse all of the numbers in decreasing order from the given number down till 1 and if any of these numbers is a factor of the given number and is also a perfect square, print that number.
Time Complexity: O(N)
Better Solution : A better solution is to use prime factorization of the given number.

  • First find all the prime factors of that number till sqrt(num).
  • Take a variable, answer and initialize it to 1. It represents the largest square number which is also a factor of that number.
  • Now, Check If any prime number occurs even number of times in the prime factorization of the given number, if yes then multiply the answer with that prime factor the number of times it occurs.
  • Else, if it occurs odd number of times then multiply the answer with prime number (K – 1) times, K is the frequency of that prime factor in the prime factorization.


Below is the implementation of the above approach: 

C++

// C++ program to find the largest factor of
// a number which is also a perfect square
 
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to find the largest factor
// of a given number which
// is a perfect square
int largestSquareFactor(int num)
{
    // Initialise the answer to 1
    int answer = 1;
 
    // Finding the prime factors till sqrt(num)
    for (int i = 2; i < sqrt(num); ++i) {
        // Frequency of the prime factor in the
        // factorisation initialised to 0
        int cnt = 0;
        int j = i;
 
        while (num % j == 0) {
            cnt++;
            j *= i;
        }
 
        // If the frequency is odd then multiply i
        // frequency-1 times to the answer
        if (cnt & 1) {
            cnt--;
            answer *= pow(i, cnt);
        }
        // Else if it is even, multiply
        // it frequency times
        else {
            answer *= pow(i, cnt);
        }
    }
 
    return answer;
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int N = 420;
 
    cout << largestSquareFactor(N);
 
    return 0;
}

                    

Java

// Java program to find the largest factor of
// a number which is also a perfect square
 
class GFG
{
   
// Function to find the largest factor
// of a given number which
// is a perfect square
static int largestSquareFactor(int num)
{
    // Initialise the answer to 1
    int answer = 1;
   
    // Finding the prime factors till sqrt(num)
    for (int i = 2; i < Math.sqrt(num); ++i) {
        // Frequency of the prime factor in the
        // factorisation initialised to 0
        int cnt = 0;
        int j = i;
   
        while (num % j == 0) {
            cnt++;
            j *= i;
        }
   
        // If the frequency is odd then multiply i
        // frequency-1 times to the answer
        if ((cnt & 1)!=0) {
            cnt--;
            answer *= Math.pow(i, cnt);
        }
        // Else if it is even, multiply
        // it frequency times
        else {
            answer *= Math.pow(i, cnt);
        }
    }
   
    return answer;
}
   
// Driver Code
public static void  main(String args[])
{
    int N = 420;
   
    System.out.println(largestSquareFactor(N));
   
}
}

                    

Python 3

# Python 3 program to find the largest
# factor of a number which is also a
# perfect square
import math
 
# Function to find the largest factor
# of a given number which is a
# perfect square
def largestSquareFactor( num):
 
    # Initialise the answer to 1
    answer = 1
 
    # Finding the prime factors till sqrt(num)
    for i in range(2, int(math.sqrt(num))) :
         
        # Frequency of the prime factor in the
        # factorisation initialised to 0
        cnt = 0
        j = i
 
        while (num % j == 0) :
            cnt += 1
            j *= i
 
        # If the frequency is odd then multiply i
        # frequency-1 times to the answer
        if (cnt & 1) :
            cnt -= 1
            answer *= pow(i, cnt)
         
        # Else if it is even, multiply
        # it frequency times
        else :
            answer *= pow(i, cnt)
    return answer
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == "__main__":
    N = 420
 
    print(largestSquareFactor(N))
 
# This code is contributed
# by ChitraNayal

                    

C#

// C# program to find the largest factor of
// a number which is also a perfect square
using System;
 
class GFG
{
     
// Function to find the largest factor of
// a given number which is a perfect square
static double largestSquareFactor(double num)
{
    // Initialise the answer to 1
    double answer = 1;
 
    // Finding the prime factors
    // till sqrt(num)
    for (int i = 2; i < Math.Sqrt(num); ++i)
    {
        // Frequency of the prime factor in
        // the factorisation initialised to 0
        int cnt = 0;
        int j = i;
 
        while (num % j == 0)
        {
            cnt++;
            j *= i;
        }
 
        // If the frequency is odd then multiply i
        // frequency-1 times to the answer
        if ((cnt & 1) != 0)
        {
            cnt--;
            answer *= Math.Pow(i, cnt);
        }
         
        // Else if it is even, multiply
        // it frequency times
        else
        {
            answer *= Math.Pow(i, cnt);
        }
    }
 
    return answer;
}
 
// Driver Code
static public void Main ()
{
    int N = 420;
    Console.WriteLine(largestSquareFactor(N));
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Sach_Code

                    

Javascript

<script>
// Javascript program to find the largest factor of
// a number which is also a perfect square
 
// Function to find the largest factor
// of a given number which
// is a perfect square
function largestSquareFactor(num)
{
 
    // Initialise the answer to 1
    let answer = 1;
 
    // Finding the prime factors till sqrt(num)
    for (let i = 2; i < Math.sqrt(num); ++i)
    {
     
        // Frequency of the prime factor in the
        // factorisation initialised to 0
        let cnt = 0;
        let j = i;
 
        while (num % j == 0) {
            cnt++;
            j *= i;
        }
 
        // If the frequency is odd then multiply i
        // frequency-1 times to the answer
        if (cnt & 1)
        {
            cnt--;
            answer *= Math.pow(i, cnt);
        }
         
        // Else if it is even, multiply
        // it frequency times
        else {
            answer *= Math.pow(i, cnt);
        }
    }
 
    return answer;
}
 
// Driver Code
let N = 420;
 
document.write(largestSquareFactor(N));
 
// This code is contributed by souravmahato348.
</script>

                    

PHP

<?php
// PHP program to find the largest
// factor of a number which is also
// a perfect square
 
// Function to find the largest
// factor of a given number which
// is a perfect square
function largestSquareFactor($num)
{
    // Initialise the answer to 1
    $answer = 1;
 
    // Finding the prime factors
    // till sqrt(num)
    for ($i = 2; $i < sqrt($num); ++$i)
    {
        // Frequency of the prime factor
        // in the factorisation initialised to 0
        $cnt = 0;
        $j = $i;
 
        while ($num % $j == 0)
        {
            $cnt++;
            $j *= $i;
        }
 
        // If the frequency is odd then
        // multiply i frequency-1 times
        // to the answer
        if ($cnt & 1)
        {
            $cnt--;
            $answer *= pow($i, $cnt);
        }
         
        // Else if it is even, multiply
        // it frequency times
        else
        {
            $answer *= pow($i, $cnt);
        }
    }
 
    return $answer;
}
 
// Driver Code
$N = 420;
echo largestSquareFactor($N);
 
// This code is contributed
// by Sach_Code
?>

                    

Output
4

Time Complexity: O( sqrtn*logn)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Approach:

  1. Initialize a variable max_factor to 1, which will store the largest factor of the given number that is a perfect square.
  2. Iterate through all factors of the given number num using a for loop that goes from 1 to the square root of num.
  3. Check if i is a factor of num using the modulo operator. If it is, then find the corresponding factor num/i.
  4. Check if factor1 is a perfect square using the sqrt and floor functions from the cmath library. If it is, then update max_factor to be the maximum of max_factor and factor1.
  5. Check if factor2 is a perfect square using the sqrt and floor functions from the cmath library. If it is, then update max_factor to be the maximum of max_factor and factor2.
  6. Return the final value of max_factor.

Below is the implementation of the above approach: 

C++

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to find the largest factor
// of a given number which is a perfect square
int largestSquareFactor(int num)
{
    int max_factor = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i <= sqrt(num); i++) {
        if (num % i == 0) {
            int factor1 = i;
            int factor2 = num / i;
            if (sqrt(factor1) == floor(sqrt(factor1))) {
                max_factor = max(max_factor, factor1);
            }
            if (sqrt(factor2) == floor(sqrt(factor2))) {
                max_factor = max(max_factor, factor2);
            }
        }
    }
    return max_factor;
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int N = 420;
    cout << largestSquareFactor(N);
    return 0;
}

                    

Java

// Java implementation of above approach
import java.util.*;
 
public class Main {
    // Function to find the largest factor
    // of a given number which is a perfect square
    public static int largestSquareFactor(int num) {
        int max_factor = 1;
        for (int i = 1; i <= Math.sqrt(num); i++) {
            if (num % i == 0) {
                int factor1 = i;
                int factor2 = num / i;
                if (Math.sqrt(factor1) == Math.floor(Math.sqrt(factor1))) {
                    max_factor = Math.max(max_factor, factor1);
                }
                if (Math.sqrt(factor2) == Math.floor(Math.sqrt(factor2))) {
                    max_factor = Math.max(max_factor, factor2);
                }
            }
        }
        return max_factor;
    }
 
    // Driver Code
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int N = 420;
        System.out.println(largestSquareFactor(N));
    }
}

                    

Python3

import math
 
# Function to find the largest factor
# of a given number which is a perfect square
def largestSquareFactor(num):
    max_factor = 1
    for i in range(1, int(math.sqrt(num))+1):
        if num % i == 0:
            factor1 = i
            factor2 = num // i
            if math.sqrt(factor1) == int(math.sqrt(factor1)):
                max_factor = max(max_factor, factor1)
            if math.sqrt(factor2) == int(math.sqrt(factor2)):
                max_factor = max(max_factor, factor2)
    return max_factor
 
# Driver Code
N = 420
print(largestSquareFactor(N))

                    

C#

using System;
 
public class Program
{
    // Function to find the largest factor of a given number which is a perfect square
    static int LargestSquareFactor(int num)
    {
        int maxFactor = 1;
 
        // Iterate through all numbers from 1 up to the square root of num
        for (int i = 1; i <= Math.Sqrt(num); i++)
        {
            if (num % i == 0)
            {
                int factor1 = i;
                int factor2 = num / i;
 
                // Check if factor1 is a perfect square
                if (Math.Sqrt(factor1) == Math.Floor(Math.Sqrt(factor1)))
                {
                    maxFactor = Math.Max(maxFactor, factor1);
                }
 
                // Check if factor2 is a perfect square
                if (Math.Sqrt(factor2) == Math.Floor(Math.Sqrt(factor2)))
                {
                    maxFactor = Math.Max(maxFactor, factor2);
                }
            }
        }
        return maxFactor;
    }
 
    public static void Main()
    {
        int N = 420;
        Console.WriteLine(LargestSquareFactor(N));
    }
}

                    

Javascript

// Function to find the largest factor
// of a given number which is a perfect square
function largestSquareFactor(num) {
    let max_factor = 1;
    for (let i = 1; i <= Math.sqrt(num); i++) {
        if (num % i == 0) {
            let factor1 = i;
            let factor2 = num / i;
            if (Math.sqrt(factor1) == Math.floor(Math.sqrt(factor1))) {
                max_factor = Math.max(max_factor, factor1);
            }
            if (Math.sqrt(factor2) == Math.floor(Math.sqrt(factor2))) {
                max_factor = Math.max(max_factor, factor2);
            }
        }
    }
    return max_factor;
}
 
// Driver Code
let N = 420;
console.log(largestSquareFactor(N));

                    

Output
4

Time Complexity: O(sqrt(N))
Auxiliary Space: O(1)



Last Updated : 26 Oct, 2023
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