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Lagrange’s four square theorem

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Lagrange’s Four Square Theorem states that every natural number can be written as sum of squares of four non negative integers.

For eg. 1 = 0^2 + 0^2 + 0^2 +1^2
Similarly 2 = 0^2 + 0^2 + 1^2 +1^2
Similarly for any 
n\in N, n = a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 where \ a, b, c, d, \in N \cup \{0\}

The above identity may be derived from Euler’s four square identity: which says we can write a product of 2 numbers (which can be written as sum of 4 squares) as the sum of 4 squares.  

C++

// CPP program for Lagrange's four square identity
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Prints all the possible combinations 4 numbers
// whose sum of squares is equal to the given no.
void printFourSquares(int a)
{
    // loops checking the sum of squares
    for (int i = 0; i * i <= a; i++) {
        for (int j = i; j * j <= a; j++) {
            for (int k = j; k * k <= a; k++) {
                for (int l = k; l * l <= a; l++) {
 
                    // if sum of four squares equals
                    // the given no.
                    if (i * i + j * j + k * k + l * l == a) {
 
                        // printing the numbers
                        cout << a << " = " << i << "*" << i
                            << " + " << j << "*" << j << " + ";
                        cout << k << "*" << k << " + "
                             << l << "*" << l << "\n";
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int a = 74;
    // 74 = 0*0 + 0*0 + 5*5 + 7*7
    // 74 = 0*0 + 1*1 + 3*3 + 8*8
    // 74 = 0*0 + 3*3 + 4*4 + 7*7
    // 74 = 1*1 + 1*1 + 6*6 + 6*6
    // 74 = 2*2 + 3*3 + 5*5 + 6*6
 
    printFourSquares(a);
 
    return 0;
}

                    

Java

// Java program for Lagrange's four square identity
class GFG
{
// Prints all the possible combinations 4 numbers
// whose sum of squares is equal to the given no.
static void printFourSquares(int a)
{
    // loops checking the sum of squares
    for (int i = 0; i * i <= a; i++)
    {
        for (int j = i; j * j <= a; j++)
        {
            for (int k = j; k * k <= a; k++)
            {
                for (int l = k; l * l <= a; l++)
                {
 
                    // if sum of four squares equals
                    // the given no.
                    if (i * i + j * j + k * k + l * l == a)
                    {
 
                        // printing the numbers
                        System.out.print( a + " = " + i + "*" + i
                                        + " + " + j + "*" + j + " + ");
                        System.out.println( k + "*" + k + " + "
                                           + l + "*" + l);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int a = 74;
    // 74 = 0*0 + 0*0 + 5*5 + 7*7
    // 74 = 0*0 + 1*1 + 3*3 + 8*8
    // 74 = 0*0 + 3*3 + 4*4 + 7*7
    // 74 = 1*1 + 1*1 + 6*6 + 6*6
    // 74 = 2*2 + 3*3 + 5*5 + 6*6
 
    printFourSquares(a);
}
}
// This code is contributed by smitha

                    

Python3

# Python program for Lagrange's four square identity
 
# Prints all the possible combinations 4 numbers
# whose sum of squares is equal to the given no.
 
def printFourSquares(a) :
 
    # loops checking the sum of squares
    i = 0
    while (i * i <= a) :
        j = i
        while (j * j <= a) :
            k = j
            while (k * k <= a) :
                l = k
                while (l * l <= a) :
 
                    # if sum of four squares equals
                    # the given no.
                    if (i * i + j * j + k * k + l * l == a) :        
 
                        # printing the numbers
                        print ("{} = {}*{} + {}*{} +".
                                format(a,i,i,j,j), end = " ")
                        print ("{}*{} + {}*{}".
                                   format(k,k,l,l), end="\n")
                    l = l + 1
                k = k + 1
            j = j + 1
        i = i + 1
                     
# Driver Code
a = 74
 
# 74 = 0*0 + 0*0 + 5*5 + 7*7
# 74 = 0*0 + 1*1 + 3*3 + 8*8
# 74 = 0*0 + 3*3 + 4*4 + 7*7
# 74 = 1*1 + 1*1 + 6*6 + 6*6
# 74 = 2*2 + 3*3 + 5*5 + 6*6
 
printFourSquares(a)
 
# This code is contributed by Manish Shaw
# (manishshaw1)

                    

C#

// C# program for Lagrange's four square identity
using System;
 
class GFG
{
// Prints all the possible combinations 4 numbers
// whose sum of squares is equal to the given no.
static void printFourSquares(int a)
{
    // loops checking the sum of squares
    for (int i = 0; i * i <= a; i++)
    {
        for (int j = i; j * j <= a; j++)
        {
            for (int k = j; k * k <= a; k++)  {
                for (int l = k; l * l <= a; l++)
                {
 
                    // if sum of four squares equals
                    // the given no.
                    if (i * i + j * j + k * k + l * l == a)
                    {
 
                        // printing the numbers
                        Console.Write( a + " = " + i + "*" + i + " + "
                                      + j + "*" + j + " + ");
                        Console.Write( k + "*" + k + " + "
                                       + l + "*" + l + "\n");
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver code
public static void Main()
{
    int a = 74;
    // 74 = 0*0 + 0*0 + 5*5 + 7*7
    // 74 = 0*0 + 1*1 + 3*3 + 8*8
    // 74 = 0*0 + 3*3 + 4*4 + 7*7
    // 74 = 1*1 + 1*1 + 6*6 + 6*6
    // 74 = 2*2 + 3*3 + 5*5 + 6*6
 
    printFourSquares(a);
}
}
// This code is contributed by Smitha

                    

PHP

<?php
//PHP program for Lagrange's four square identity
 
// Prints all the possible combinations 4 numbers
// whose sum of squares is equal to the given no.
 
function printFourSquares($a)
{
    // loops checking the sum of squares
    for ($i = 0; $i * $i <= $a; $i++) {
        for ( $j = $i; $j * $j <= $a; $j++) {
            for ($k = $j; $k * $k <= $a; $k++) {
                for ($l = $k; $l * $l <= $a; $l++) {
 
                    // if sum of four squares equals
                    // the given no.
                    if ($i * $i + $j * $j + $k * $k
                                    + $l * $l == $a)
                    {
 
                        // printing the numbers
                        echo $a , " = " , $i , "*" ,$i,
                         " + " , $j , "*" , $j , " + ";
                        echo $k , "*" , $k , " + ",
                              $l , "*" , $l , "\n";
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
    $a = 74;
    // 74 = 0*0 + 0*0 + 5*5 + 7*7
    // 74 = 0*0 + 1*1 + 3*3 + 8*8
    // 74 = 0*0 + 3*3 + 4*4 + 7*7
    // 74 = 1*1 + 1*1 + 6*6 + 6*6
    // 74 = 2*2 + 3*3 + 5*5 + 6*6
 
    printFourSquares($a);
 
// This code is contributed by ajit.
?>

                    

Javascript

<script>
 
// Javascript program for Lagrange's four
// square identity
 
// Prints all the possible combinations
// 4 numbers whose sum of squares is
// equal to the given no.
function printFourSquares(a)
{
     
    // Loops checking the sum of squares
    for(let i = 0; i * i <= a; i++)
    {
        for(let j = i; j * j <= a; j++)
        {
            for(let k = j; k * k <= a; k++) 
            {
                for(let l = k; l * l <= a; l++)
                {
                     
                    // If sum of four squares equals
                    // the given no.
                    if (i * i + j * j + k * k + l * l == a)
                    {
 
                        // Printing the numbers
                        document.write(a + " = " + i + "*" +
                                       i + " + " + j + "*" +
                                       j + " + ");
                        document.write(k + "*" + k + " + " +
                                       l + "*" + l + "</br>");
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver code
let a = 74;
 
// 74 = 0*0 + 0*0 + 5*5 + 7*7
// 74 = 0*0 + 1*1 + 3*3 + 8*8
// 74 = 0*0 + 3*3 + 4*4 + 7*7
// 74 = 1*1 + 1*1 + 6*6 + 6*6
// 74 = 2*2 + 3*3 + 5*5 + 6*6
 
printFourSquares(a);
 
// This code is contributed by decode2207
 
</script>

                    

Output: 
74 = 0*0 + 0*0 + 5*5 + 7*7
74 = 0*0 + 1*1 + 3*3 + 8*8
74 = 0*0 + 3*3 + 4*4 + 7*7
74 = 1*1 + 1*1 + 6*6 + 6*6
74 = 2*2 + 3*3 + 5*5 + 6*6

 

Time complexity : O(a2
Auxiliary Space : O(1)



Last Updated : 23 Aug, 2022
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