Kronecker Product of two matrices

Difficulty Level : Easy
Last Updated : 03 May, 2021

Given a ${m}\times{n}$ matrix A and a ${p}\times{q}$ matrix B, their Kronecker product C = A tensor B, also called their matrix direct product, is an ${(mp)}\times{(nq)}$ matrix.

A tensor B =  |a₁₁B   a₁₂B|
              |a₂₁B   a₂₂B|

= |a₁₁b₁₁   a₁₁b₁₂   a₁₂b₁₁  a₁₂b₁₂|
  |a₁₁b₂₁   a₁₁b₂₂   a₁₂b₂₁  a₁₂b₂₂| 
  |a₁₁b₃₁   a₁₁b₃₂   a₁₂b₃₁  a₁₂b₃₂|
  |a₂₁b₁₁   a₂₁b₁₂   a₂₂b₁₁  a₂₂b₁₂|
  |a₂₁b₂₁   a₂₁b₂₂   a₂₂b₂₁  a₂₂b₂₂|
  |a₂₁b₃₁   a₂₁b₃₂   a₂₂b₃₁  a₂₂b₃₂|

Examples:

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1. The matrix direct(kronecker) product of the 2×2 matrix A 
   and the 2×2 matrix B is given by the 4×4 matrix :

Input : A = 1 2    B = 0 5
            3 4        6 7

Output : C = 0  5  0  10
             6  7  12 14
             0  15 0  20
             18 21 24 28

2. The matrix direct(kronecker) product of the 2×3 matrix A 
   and the 3×2 matrix B is given by the 6×6 matrix :

Input : A = 1 2    B = 0 5 2
            3 4        6 7 3
            1 0

Output : C = 0      5    2    0     10    4    
             6      7    3   12     14    6    
             0     15    6    0     20    8    
            18     21    9   24     28   12    
             0      5    2    0      0    0    
             6      7    3    0      0    0

Below is the code to find the Kronecker Product of two matrices and stores it as matrix C :

C++

// C++ code to find the Kronecker Product of two
// matrices and stores it as matrix C
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
// rowa and cola are no of rows and columns
// of matrix A
// rowb and colb are no of rows and columns
// of matrix B
const int cola = 2, rowa = 3, colb = 3, rowb = 2;
 
// Function to computes the Kronecker Product
// of two matrices
void Kroneckerproduct(int A[][cola], int B[][colb])
{
 
    int C[rowa * rowb][cola * colb];
 
    // i loops till rowa
    for (int i = 0; i < rowa; i++) {
 
        // k loops till rowb
        for (int k = 0; k < rowb; k++) {
 
            // j loops till cola
            for (int j = 0; j < cola; j++) {
 
                // l loops till colb
                for (int l = 0; l < colb; l++) {
 
                    // Each element of matrix A is
                    // multiplied by whole Matrix B
                    // resp and stored as Matrix C
                    C[i + l + 1][j + k + 1] = A[i][j] * B[k][l];
                    cout << C[i + l + 1][j + k + 1] << " ";
                }
            }
            cout << endl;
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int A[3][2] = { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 }, { 1, 0 } },
        B[2][3] = { { 0, 5, 2 }, { 6, 7, 3 } };
 
    Kroneckerproduct(A, B);
    return 0;
}
 
//This code is contributed by shubhamsingh10

C

// C code to find the Kronecker Product of two
// matrices and stores it as matrix C
#include <stdio.h>
 
// rowa and cola are no of rows and columns
// of matrix A
// rowb and colb are no of rows and columns
// of matrix B
const int cola = 2, rowa = 3, colb = 3, rowb = 2;
 
// Function to computes the Kronecker Product
// of two matrices
void Kroneckerproduct(int A[][cola], int B[][colb])
{
 
    int C[rowa * rowb][cola * colb];
 
    // i loops till rowa
    for (int i = 0; i < rowa; i++) {
 
        // k loops till rowb
        for (int k = 0; k < rowb; k++) {
 
            // j loops till cola
            for (int j = 0; j < cola; j++) {
 
                // l loops till colb
                for (int l = 0; l < colb; l++) {
 
                    // Each element of matrix A is
                    // multiplied by whole Matrix B
                    // resp and stored as Matrix C
                    C[i + l + 1][j + k + 1] = A[i][j] * B[k][l];
                    printf("%d\t", C[i + l + 1][j + k + 1]);
                }
            }
            printf("\n");
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int A[3][2] = { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 }, { 1, 0 } },
        B[2][3] = { { 0, 5, 2 }, { 6, 7, 3 } };
 
    Kroneckerproduct(A, B);
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java code to find the Kronecker Product of
// two matrices and stores it as matrix C
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG {
         
    // rowa and cola are no of rows and columns
    // of matrix A
    // rowb and colb are no of rows and columns
    // of matrix B
    static int cola = 2, rowa = 3, colb = 3, rowb = 2;
     
    // Function to computes the Kronecker Product
    // of two matrices
    static void Kroneckerproduct(int A[][], int B[][])
    {
     
        int[][] C= new int[rowa * rowb][cola * colb];
     
        // i loops till rowa
        for (int i = 0; i < rowa; i++)
        {
     
            // k loops till rowb
            for (int k = 0; k < rowb; k++)
            {
     
                // j loops till cola
                for (int j = 0; j < cola; j++)
                {
     
                    // l loops till colb
                    for (int l = 0; l < colb; l++)
                    {
     
                        // Each element of matrix A is
                        // multiplied by whole Matrix B
                        // resp and stored as Matrix C
                        C[i + l + 1][j + k + 1] = A[i][j] * B[k][l];
                        System.out.print( C[i + l + 1][j + k + 1]+" ");
                    }
                }
                System.out.println();
            }
        }
    }
     
    // Driver program
    public static void main (String[] args)
    {
        int A[][] = { { 1, 2 },
                      { 3, 4 },
                      { 1, 0 } };
                       
        int B[][] = { { 0, 5, 2 },
                      { 6, 7, 3 } };
     
        Kroneckerproduct(A, B);
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Gitanjali.

Python3

# Python3 code to find the Kronecker Product of two
# matrices and stores it as matrix C
  
# rowa and cola are no of rows and columns
# of matrix A
# rowb and colb are no of rows and columns
# of matrix B
cola = 2
rowa = 3
colb = 3
rowb = 2
  
# Function to computes the Kronecker Product
# of two matrices
 
def Kroneckerproduct( A , B ):
     
    C = [[0 for j in range(cola * colb)] for i in range(rowa * rowb)]
  
    # i loops till rowa
    for i in range(0, rowa):
         
        # k loops till rowb
        for k in range(0, rowb):
  
            # j loops till cola
            for j in range(0, cola):
  
                # l loops till colb
                for l in range(0, colb):
  
                    # Each element of matrix A is
                    # multiplied by whole Matrix B
                    # resp and stored as Matrix C
                    C[i + l + 1][j + k + 1] = A[i][j] * B[k][l]
                    print (C[i + l + 1][j + k + 1],end=' ')
             
             
            print ("\n")
         
 
# Driver code.
 
A = [[0 for j in range(2)] for i in range(3)]
B = [[0 for j in range(3)] for i in range(2)]
 
A[0][0] = 1
A[0][1] = 2
A[1][0] = 3
A[1][1] = 4
A[2][0] = 1
A[2][1] = 0
 
B[0][0] = 0
B[0][1] = 5
B[0][2] = 2
B[1][0] = 6
B[1][1] = 7
B[1][2] = 3
 
Kroneckerproduct( A , B )
 
# This code is contributed by Saloni.

C#

// C# code to find the Kronecker Product of
// two matrices and stores it as matrix C
using System;
 
class GFG {
         
    // rowa and cola are no of rows
    // and columns of matrix A
    // rowb and colb are no of rows
    //  and columns of matrix B
    static int cola = 2, rowa = 3;
    static int colb = 3, rowb = 2;
     
    // Function to computes the Kronecker
    // Product of two matrices
    static void Kroneckerproduct(int [,]A, int [,]B)
    {
     
        int [,]C= new int[rowa * rowb,
                          cola * colb];
     
        // i loops till rowa
        for (int i = 0; i < rowa; i++)
        {
     
            // k loops till rowb
            for (int k = 0; k < rowb; k++)
            {
     
                // j loops till cola
                for (int j = 0; j < cola; j++)
                {
     
                    // l loops till colb
                    for (int l = 0; l < colb; l++)
                    {
     
                        // Each element of matrix A is
                        // multiplied by whole Matrix B
                        // resp and stored as Matrix C
                        C[i + l + 1, j + k + 1] = A[i, j] *
                                                  B[k, l];
                        Console.Write( C[i + l + 1,
                                       j + k + 1] + " ");
                    }
                }
                Console.WriteLine();
            }
        }
    }
     
    // Driver Code
    public static void Main ()
    {
        int [,]A = {{1, 2},
                   {3, 4},
                   {1, 0}};
                         
        int [,]B = {{0, 5, 2},
                   {6, 7, 3}};
     
        Kroneckerproduct(A, B);
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by nitin mittal.

PHP

<?php
// PHP code to find the
// Kronecker Product of two
 
// rowa and cola are no of
// rows and columns of matrix A
// rowb and colb are no of
// rows and columns of matrix B
$cola = 2;
$rowa = 3;
$colb = 3;
$rowb = 2;
 
// Function to computes the
// Kronecker Product of two matrices
function Kroneckerproduct($A, $B)
{
    global $cola;
    global $rowa;
    global $colb;
    global $rowb;
 
 
    //$C[$rowa * $rowb][$cola * $colb];
    $C;
 
    // i loops till rowa
    for ( $i = 0; $i < $rowa; $i++)
    {
 
        // k loops till rowb
        for ($k = 0; $k < $rowb; $k++)
        {
 
            // j loops till cola
            for ( $j = 0; $j < $cola; $j++) 
            {
 
                // l loops till colb
                for ($l = 0; $l < $colb; $l++)
                {
 
                    // Each element of matrix A is
                    // multiplied by whole Matrix B
                    // resp and stored as Matrix C
                    $C[$i + $l + 1][$j + $k + 1] = $A[$i][$j] *
                                                   $B[$k][$l];
                    echo ($C[$i + $l + 1][$j + $k + 1]), "\t" ;
                }
            }
        echo "\n";
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
$A = array (array (1, 2),
            array (3, 4),
            array (1, 0));
$B = array (array (0, 5, 2),
            array (6, 7, 3));
 
Kroneckerproduct($A, $B);
 
// This code is contributed by ajit
?>

Javascript

<script>
    // Javascript code to find the Kronecker Product of
    // two matrices and stores it as matrix C
     
    // rowa and cola are no of rows and columns
    // of matrix A
    // rowb and colb are no of rows and columns
    // of matrix B
    let cola = 2, rowa = 3, colb = 3, rowb = 2;
       
    // Function to computes the Kronecker Product
    // of two matrices
    function Kroneckerproduct(A, B)
    {
       
        let C= new Array(rowa * rowb)
        for(let i = 0; i < (rowa * rowb); i++)
        {
            C[i] = new Array(cola * colb);
            for(let j = 0; j < (cola * colb); j++)
            {
                C[i][j] = 0;
            }
        }
       
        // i loops till rowa
        for (let i = 0; i < rowa; i++)
        {
       
            // k loops till rowb
            for (let k = 0; k < rowb; k++)
            {
       
                // j loops till cola
                for (let j = 0; j < cola; j++)
                {
       
                    // l loops till colb
                    for (let l = 0; l < colb; l++)
                    {
       
                        // Each element of matrix A is
                        // multiplied by whole Matrix B
                        // resp and stored as Matrix C
                        C[i + l + 1][j + k + 1] = A[i][j] * B[k][l];
                        document.write( C[i + l + 1][j + k + 1]+" ");
                    }
                }
                document.write("</br>");
            }
        }
    }
     
    let A = [ [ 1, 2 ],
             [ 3, 4 ],
             [ 1, 0 ] ];
                         
    let B = [ [ 0, 5, 2 ],
                  [ 6, 7, 3 ] ];
 
    Kroneckerproduct(A, B);
     
</script>

Output :

0    5    2    0    10    4    
6    7    3    12   14    6    
0    15   6    0    20    8    
18   21   9    24   28    12    
0    5    2    0    0     0    
6    7    3    0    0     0

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Kronecker Product of two matrices

C++

C

Java

Python3

C#

PHP

Javascript