Jump statements in C++

Jump statements are used to manipulate the flow of the program if some conditions are met. It is used to terminate or continue the loop inside a program or to stop the execution of a function.

Types of Jump Statements in C++

In C++,  there is four jump statement

1. break
2. continue
3. goto
4. return

continue in C++

The C++ continue statement is used to execute other parts of the loop while skipping some parts declared inside the condition, rather than terminating the loop, it continues to execute the next iteration of the same loop. It is used with a decision-making statement which must be present inside the loop.

This statement can be used inside for loop or while or do-while loop.

Syntax of continue

continue;

Flowchart of continue Statement

Example of continue Statement

Consider a scenario where all the numbers between 1 and 10 except number 5. So in this case, the idea is to use the continue statement after the value of i is 5. Below is the program for the same:

C++

// C++ program to demonstrate the
// continue statement
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Driver code
int main()
{
    for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {

        if (i == 5)
            continue;
        cout << i << " ";
    }
    return 0;
}

Output

1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 

break in C++

The C++ break statement is used to terminate the whole loop if the condition is met. Unlike the continue statement after the condition is met, it breaks the loop and the remaining part of the loop is not executed.

The break statement is used with decision-making statements such as if, if-else, or switch statement which is inside the for loop which can be for loop, while loop, or do-while loop. It forces the loop to stop the execution of the further iteration.

Syntax

break;

Flowchart of break Statement

Example of break Statement

Consider a scenario where the series of a number is to be printed but not after a certain value K. So in this case, the idea is to use the break statement after the value of i is K. Below is the program for the same:

C++

// C++ program to demonstrate the
// break statement
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Driver Code
int main()
{
    for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {

        // Breaking Condition
        if (i == 5)
            break;
        cout << i << " ";
    }
    return 0;
}

Output

1 2 3 4 

return in C++

The return statement takes control out of the function itself. It is stronger than a break. It is used to terminate the entire function after the execution of the function or after some condition.

Every function has a return statement with some returning value except the void() function. Although void() function can also have the return statement to end the execution of the function.

Syntax

return expression;

Examples of return

Example 1: Below is the program to demonstrate the return statement.

C++

// C++ program to demonstrate the
// return statement
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Driver code
int main()
{
    cout << "Begin ";

    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

        // Termination condition
        if (i == 5)
            return 0;
        cout << i << " ";
    }
    cout << "end";

    return 0;
}

Output

Begin 0 1 2 3 4 

Explanation
The above program starts execution by printing “Begin” and then the for loop starts to print the value of, it will print the value of i from 0 to 4 but as soon as i becomes equal to 5 it will terminate the whole function i.e., it will never go to print the “end” statement of the program.

Note: The return in void() functions can be used without any return type.

Example 2: Below is the program to demonstrate the return statement in void return type in function:

C++

// C++ program to demonstrate the return
// statement in void return type function
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Function to find the greater element
// among x and y
void findGreater(int x, int y)
{
    if (x > y) {
        cout << x << " "
             << "is greater"
             << "\n";
        return;
    }
    else {
        cout << y << " "
             << "is greater"
             << "\n";
        return;
    }
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // Function Call
    findGreater(10, 20);

    return 0;
}

Output

20 is greater

Goto statement in C++

The C++ goto statement is used to jump directly to that part of the program to which it is being called.  Every goto statement is associated with the label which takes them to part of the program for which they are called. The label statements can be written anywhere in the program it is not necessary to use them before or after the goto statement.

Syntax

goto label_name;
.
.
.
label_name:

Flowchart of goto Statement

Note: The goto statement makes it difficult to understand the flow of the program therefore it is avoided to use it in a program.

Example of goto

Below is the program to demonstrate the goto statement:

C++

// C++ program to demonstrate the
// goto statement
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int n = 4;

    if (n % 2 == 0)
        goto label1;
    else
        goto label2;

label1:
    cout << "Even" << endl;
    return 0;

label2:
    cout << "Odd" << endl;
}

Output

Even

Explanation:
The above program is used to check whether the number is even or odd if the number pressed by the user says it is 4 so the condition is met by the if statement and control go to label1 and label1 prints that the number is even. Here it is not necessary to write a label statement after the goto statement we can write it before goto statement also it will work fine.