Javascript Program For Moving All Occurrences Of An Element To End In A Linked List

Given a linked list and a key in it, the task is to move all occurrences of the given key to the end of the linked list, keeping the order of all other elements the same.

Examples:  

Input  : 1 -> 2 -> 2 -> 4 -> 3
         key = 2 
Output : 1 -> 4 -> 3 -> 2 -> 2

Input  : 6 -> 6 -> 7 -> 6 -> 3 -> 10
         key = 6
Output : 7 -> 3 -> 10 -> 6 -> 6 -> 6

A simple solution is to one by one find all occurrences of a given key in the linked list. For every found occurrence, insert it at the end. We do it till all occurrences of the given key are moved to the end.

Time Complexity: O(n²)

Efficient Solution 1: is to keep two pointers: 
pCrawl => Pointer to traverse the whole list one by one. 
pKey => Pointer to an occurrence of the key if a key is found. Else same as pCrawl.
We start both of the above pointers from the head of the linked list. We move pKey only when pKey is not pointing to a key. We always move pCrawl. So, when pCrawl and pKey are not the same, we must have found a key that lies before pCrawl, so we swap between pCrawl and pKey, and move pKey to the next location. The loop invariant is, after swapping of data, all elements from pKey to pCrawl are keys.

Below is the implementation of this approach.  

Javascript

<script>

// Javascript program to move all occurrences of a
// given key to end.

// A Linked list Node
    class Node {
        constructor() {
               this.data = 0;
            this.next = null;
        }
    }

    // A utility function to create a new node.
    function newNode(x) {
        var temp = new Node();
        temp.data = x;
        temp.next = null;
        return temp;
    }

    // Utility function to print the elements
    // in Linked list
    function printList(head) {
        var temp = head;
        while (temp != null) {
            document.write( temp.data+" ");
            temp = temp.next;
        }
        document.write("<br/>");
    }

    // Moves all occurrences of given key to
    // end of linked list.
    function moveToEnd(head , key) {
        // Keeps track of locations where key
        // is present.
        var pKey = head;

        // Traverse list
        var pCrawl = head;
        while (pCrawl != null) {
            // If current pointer is not same as pointer
            // to a key location, then we must have found
            // a key in linked list. We swap data of pCrawl
            // and pKey and move pKey to next position.
            if (pCrawl != pKey && pCrawl.data != key) {
                pKey.data = pCrawl.data;
                pCrawl.data = key;
                pKey = pKey.next;
            }

            // Find next position where key is present
            if (pKey.data != key)
                pKey = pKey.next;

            // Moving to next Node
            pCrawl = pCrawl.next;
        }
    }

    // Driver code

        var head = newNode(10);
        head.next = newNode(20);
        head.next.next = newNode(10);
        head.next.next.next = newNode(30);
        head.next.next.next.next = newNode(40);
        head.next.next.next.next.next = newNode(10);
        head.next.next.next.next.next.next = newNode(60);

        document.write(
        "Before moveToEnd(), the Linked list is<br/>"
        );
        printList(head);

        var key = 10;
        moveToEnd(head, key);

        document.write(
        "<br/>After moveToEnd(), the Linked list is<br/>"
        );
        printList(head);

// This code contributed by umadevi9616

</script>

Output:

Before moveToEnd(), the Linked list is
10 20 10 30 40 10 60 

After moveToEnd(), the Linked list is
20 30 40 60 10 10 10

Time Complexity: O(n) requires only one traversal of the list.

Space Complexity: O(1) because using constant variables

Efficient Solution 2 :
1. Traverse the linked list and take a pointer at the tail. 
2. Now, check for the key and node->data. If they are equal, move the node to last-next, else move ahead.

Javascript

<script>
// javascript code to remove key element to end of linked list// Node class
    class Node {
        constructor(val) {
            this.data = val;
            this.next = null;
        }
    }
    var root;

    // Function to remove key to end
    function keyToEnd(head , key) {

        // Node to keep pointing to tail
        var tail = head;

        if (head == null) {
            return null;
        }

        while (tail.next != null) {
            tail = tail.next;
        }

        // Node to point to last of linked list
        var last = tail;

        var current = head;
        var prev = null;

        // Node prev2 to point to previous when head.data!=key
        var prev2 = null;

        // loop to perform operations to remove key to end
        while (current != tail) {
            if (current.data == key && prev2 == null) {
                prev = current;
                current = current.next;
                head = current;
                last.next = prev;
                last = last.next;
                last.next = null;
                prev = null;
            } else {
                if (current.data == key && prev2 != null) {
                    prev = current;
                    current = current.next;
                    prev2.next = current;
                    last.next = prev;
                    last = last.next;
                    last.next = null;
                } else if (current != tail) {
                    prev2 = current;
                    current = current.next;
                }
            }
        }
        return head;
    }

    // Function to display linked list
    function display(root) {
        while (root != null) {
            document.write(root.data + " ");
            root = root.next;
        }
    }

    // Driver Code

        root = new Node(5);
        root.next = new Node(2);
        root.next.next = new Node(2);
        root.next.next.next = new Node(7);
        root.next.next.next.next = new Node(2);
        root.next.next.next.next.next = new Node(2);
        root.next.next.next.next.next.next = new Node(2);

        var key = 2;
        document.write("Linked List before operations :<br/>");
        display(root);
        document.write("<br/>Linked List after operations :<br/>");
        root = keyToEnd(root, key);
        display(root);

// This code contributed by aashish1995
</script>

Output:

Linked List before operations :
5 2 2 7 2 2 2 
Linked List after operations :
5 7 2 2 2 2 2

Thanks to Ravinder Kumar for suggesting this method.

Time Complexity: O(n) requires only one traversal of the list.

Space Complexity: O(1) because using constant variables

Efficient Solution 3: is to maintain a separate list of keys. We initialize this list of keys as empty. We traverse the given list. For every key found, we remove it from the original list and insert it into a separate list of keys. We finally link the list of keys at the end of the remaining given list. The time complexity of this solution is also O(n) and it also requires only one traversal of the list.

Please refer complete article on Move all occurrences of an element to end in a linked list for more details!