JavaScript | Generator

Like Python Generators, JavaScript also supports Generator functions and Generator Objects.
Generator-Function : A generator-function is defined like a normal function, but whenever it needs to generate a value, it does so with the yield keyword rather than return. The yield statement suspends function’s execution and sends a value back to caller, but retains enough state to enable function to resume where it is left off. When resumed, the function continues execution immediately after the last yield run. 
Syntax : 

// An example of generator function
function* gen(){
     yield 1;
     yield 2;
     ...
     ...
}

Generator-Object : Generator functions return a generator object. Generator objects are used either by calling the next method on the generator object or using the generator object in a “for of” loop (as shown in the above program) 
The Generator object is returned by a generating function and it conforms to both the iterable protocol and the iterator protocol.

javascript

<script>
// Generate Function generates three
// different numbers in three calls
function * fun()
{
    yield 10;
    yield 20;
    yield 30;
}

// Calling the Generate Function
var gen = fun();
document.write(gen.next().value);
document.write("<br>");
document.write(gen.next().value);
document.write("<br>");
document.write(gen.next().value);
</script>

Below is an example code to print infinite series of natural numbers using a simple generator.

javascript

<script>// Generate Function generates an
// infinite series of Natural Numbers
function * nextNatural()
{
    var naturalNumber = 1;

    // Infinite Generation
    while (true) {
        yield naturalNumber++;
    }
}

// Calling the Generate Function
var gen = nextNatural();

// Loop to print the first
// 10 Generated number
for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

    // Generating Next Number
    document.write(gen.next().value);

    // New Line
    document.write("<br>");
}
</script>

Output 

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Below is an example of how to manually return from a generator

javascript

<script>

var array = ['a', 'b', 'c'];
function* generator(arr) {
  let i = 0;
  while (i < arr.length) {
    yield arr[i++]
  }
}

const it = generator(array);

// we can do it.return() to finish the generator

</script>

Encountering yield and yield* syntax
yield: pauses the generator execution and returns the value of the expression which is being written after the yield keyword.
yield*: it iterates over the operand and returns each value until done is true.

javascript

<script>

const arr = ['a', 'b', 'c'];

function* generator() {
  yield 1;
  yield* arr;
  yield 2;
}

for (let value of generator()) {
  document.write(value);
  document.write("<br>");
}

</script>

Output 

1
a
b
c
2

Another method to create iterable

javascript

<script>

var createOwnIterable = {
  *[Symbol.iterator]() {
    yield 'a';
    yield 'b';
    yield 'c';
  }
}

for (let value of createOwnIterable) {
  document.write(value);
  document.write("<br>");
}

<script>

Output 

a
b
c

Return from a generator function

javascript

<script>

function* generator() {
  yield 'a';
  return 'result';
  yield 'b';
}

var it = generator();
document.write(JSON.stringify(it.next()));
// {value: "a", done: false}
document.write(JSON.stringify(it.next()));
// {value: "result", done: true}

</script>

How to throw an exception from generator

javascript

<script>

function* generator() {
  throw new Error('Error Occurred');
}

const it = generator();
it.next();
// Uncaught Error: Error Occurred

</script>

Calling a generator from another generator

javascript

<script>

function* firstGenerator() {
  yield 2;
  yield 3;
}

function* secondGenerator() {
  yield 1;
  yield* firstGenerator();
  yield 4;
}


for (let value of secondGenerator()) {
  document.write(value)
  document.write("<br>");
}

</script>

Output 

1
2
3
4

Limitation of Generators
you can’t yield inside a callback in generators

javascript

<script>

function* generator() {
  ['a', 'b', 'c'].forEach(value => yield value) // This will give syntax error
}

</script>

Using async generators (for api call)

javascript

<script>

const firstPromise = () => {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    setTimeout(() => resolve(1), 5000)
  })
}

const secondPromise = () => {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    setTimeout(() => resolve(2), 3000)
  })
}

async function* generator() {
  const firstPromiseResult = await firstPromise();
  yield firstPromiseResult;
  const secondPromiseResult = await secondPromise();
  yield secondPromiseResult;
}

var it = generator();
for await(let value of it){
  document.write(value);
  document.write("<br>");
}

</script>

Output 

(after 5 seconds)
1 
(after 3 seconds)
2

Advantages of generators: 
They are memory efficient as lazy evaluation takes place, i.e, delays the evaluation of an expression until its value is needed.
use-case (generators)

• writing generators in redux-saga
• async-await (Implemented with promise and generators)

Supported Browser:

• Google Chrome 39 and above
• Microsoft Edge 13 and above
• Firefox 26 and above
• Opera 26 and above
• Safari 10 and above