Java Stream findAny() with examples
Stream findAny() returns an Optional (a container object which may or may not contain a non-null value) describing some element of the stream, or an empty Optional if the stream is empty.
findAny() V/s findFirst() :
The findAny() method returns any element from a Stream but there might be a case where we require the first element of a filtered stream to be fetched. When the stream being worked on has a defined encounter order(the order in which the elements of a stream are processed), then findFirst() is useful which returns the first element in a Stream.
Syntax :
Optional<T> findAny() Where, Optional is a container object which may or may not contain a non-null value and T is the type of objects and the function returns an Optional describing some element of this stream, or an empty Optional if the stream is empty.
Exception : If the element selected is null, NullPointerException is thrown.
Note : findAny() is a terminal-short-circuiting operation of Stream interface. This method returns any first element satisfying the intermediate operations. This is a short-circuit operation because it just needs ‘any’ first element to be returned and terminate the rest of the iteration.
Example 1 : findAny() method on Integer Stream.
// Java code for Stream findAny()// which returns an Optional describing// some element of the stream, or an// empty Optional if the stream is empty.import java.util.*; class GFG { // Driver code public static void main(String[] args) { // Creating a List of Integers List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(2, 4, 6, 8, 10); // Using Stream findAny() to return // an Optional describing some element // of the stream Optional<Integer> answer = list.stream().findAny(); // if the stream is empty, an empty // Optional is returned. if (answer.isPresent()) { System.out.println(answer.get()); } else { System.out.println("no value"); } }} |
Output :
2
Example 2 : findAny() function on Stream of Strings.
// Java code for Stream findAny()// which returns an Optional describing// some element of the stream, or an// empty Optional if the stream is empty.import java.util.*; class GFG { // Driver code public static void main(String[] args) { // Creating a List of Strings List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Geeks", "for", "GeeksQuiz", "GFG"); // Using Stream findAny() to return // an Optional describing some element // of the stream Optional<String> answer = list.stream().findAny(); // if the stream is empty, an empty // Optional is returned. if (answer.isPresent()) { System.out.println(answer.get()); } else { System.out.println("no value"); } }} |
Output :
Geeks
Note : The behavior of Stream findAny() operation is explicitly non-deterministic i.e, it is free to select any element in the stream. Multiple invocations on the same source may not return the same result.
Example 3 : findAny() method to return the elements divisible by 4, in a non-deterministic way.
// Java code for Stream findAny() // which returns an Optional describing// some element of the stream, or an // empty Optional if the stream is empty.import java.util.OptionalInt;import java.util.stream.IntStream; class GFG { // Driver code public static void main(String[] args) { // Creating an IntStream IntStream stream = IntStream.of(4, 5, 8, 10, 12, 16) .parallel(); // Using Stream findAny(). // Executing the source code multiple times // may not return the same result. // Every time you may get a different // Integer which is divisible by 4. stream = stream.filter(i -> i % 4 == 0); OptionalInt answer = stream.findAny(); if (answer.isPresent()) { System.out.println(answer.getAsInt()); }}} |
Output :
16
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