Introduction to Wireless-Fidelity-6 (WiFi-6)

Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a group of wireless network protocols, in view of the IEEE 802.11 group of norms, which are ordinarily utilized for LANs (Local Area Network) and Internet access. Wi‑Fi is a brand name of the non-profit Wi-Fi Alliance, which confines the utilization of the term Wi-Fi Certified to items that effectively complete interoperability certification testing. Devices that can utilize Wi-Fi advances incorporate PCs, workstations, cell phones and tablets, TVs, printers, speakers, vehicles, etc.

Wi-Fi utilizes various parts of IEEE 802 protocol family and is intended to interwork flawlessly with its wired kin “Ethernet”. Viable gadgets can network through wireless passageways to one another just as to wired gadgets and Internet. Various adaptations of Wi-Fi are specified by different IEEE 802.11 protocol guidelines, with diverse radio advancements deciding radio bands, and the most extreme ranges, and speeds that might be accomplished.

Wi-Fi most generally utilizes the 2.4 gigahertz (120 mm) UHF and 5 gigahertz (60 mm) SHF ISM radio groups; these groups are partitioned into various channels. Channels can be shared between networks however just a single transmitter can locally send on a direct at any second in time.

Hardware regularly upholds different variants of Wi-Fi. For communicating, various devices must use a typical Wi-Fi form. Variants contrast between radio wavebands they work on, the radio bandwidth they possess, the most extreme information rates they can uphold, and different subtleties. A few renditions license utilization of various receiving wires, which grants more noteworthy speeds with diminished obstruction.

Generally, hardware has essentially recorded adaptations of Wi-Fi utilizing name of IEEE standard that it upholds. In 2018, Wi-Fi collusion normalized generational numbering so equipment can show that it underpins Wi-Fi 4 (if the hardware upholds 802.11n), Wi-Fi 5 (802.11ac), and Wi-Fi-6 (802.11ax).

Generation/IEEE Standard	Maximum Linkrate	Adopted	Frequency
Wi-Fi-6 (802.11ax)	Half-duplex, 600-9608 Mbit/s	2019	2.4/5 GHz 1-6 GHz ISM
Wi-Fi 5 (802.11ac)	Half-duplex, 433-6933 Mbit/s	2014	5 GHz
Wi-Fi 4 (802.11n)	Half-duplex, 72-600 Mbit/s	2008	2.4/5 GHz
Wi-Fi 3 (802.11g)	Half-duplex, 3-54 Mbit/s	2003	2.4 GHz
Wi-Fi 2 (802.11a)	Half-duplex, 1.5-54 Mbit/s	1999	5 GHz
Wi-Fi 1 (802.11b)	Half-duplex, 1-11 Mbit/s	1999	2.4 GHz
(Wi-Fi 1, Wi-Fi 2, Wi-Fi 3 are unbranded but have unofficial assignments)

Wi-Fi-6 :
Wi-Fi-6 is another wireless norm. Additionally called 802.11ax, it is ready to make large waves in network availability and client experience enhancements. The up and coming age of Wi-Fi standard is Wi-Fi-6, otherwise called 802.11ax, the most recent advance in an excursion of relentless development.

The standard expands on qualities of 802.11ac while including efficiency, adaptability, and versatility that permits new and existing networks to sped up and limit with cutting edge applications. IEEE proposed Wi-Fi-6 standard, so it can couple freedom and blazing fast speed of Gigabit Ethernet wireless with dependability and consistency found in authorized radio.

Benefits of Wi-Fi-6 :
Wi-Fi-6 permits enterprises and specialist organizations to help new and rising applications on a similar wireless LAN (WLAN) foundation while conveying a higher evaluation of administration to more established applications. This situation makes way for new plans of action and expanded Wi-Fi selection.

Are Wi-Fi-6 and 802.11ax different ?
No, they are equivalent. Wi-Fi Alliance began a mission to coin expression “Wi-Fi-6” when alluding to IEEE 802.11ax norm. It demonstrates that it is 6th era of Wi-Fi. The reason was to streamline showcasing message to enable 802.11ax to be better situated comparatively with Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) principles utilized in cellular (Example – 5G).

Approval of Wi-Fi-6 :
The IEEE-Standards Association is at present booked to confirm final IEEE Wi-Fi-6 correction in 2020. Notwithstanding, the Wi-Fi Alliance is relied upon to guarantee key features from amendment made in August 2019, with extra features (including 6GHz band) certified throughout following couple of years.


Expectations from Wi-Fi-6 :

• Benefits :
  Wi-Fi-6 will expand on achievement of 802.11ac. It will let access points uphold more customers in high traffic situations and will give a superior experience for encountering regular wireless LAN networks. It will likewise give a more unsurprising performance to cutting edge applications, for example, 4K or 8K video, high-traffic superior quality cooperation applications, every wireless office, and Internet of Things (IoT). Wi-Fi-6 will drive Wi-Fi toward future as development of wireless proceeds.
• Access Points :
  There are some Wi-Fi-6 access-points as of now available, directed for early adopters and clients who are anxious to test new norm. The access points that are delivered early will be per-standard APs in light of fact that standard will not yet have been ratified. This implies key highlights that are essential for Wi-Fi-6 may not be upheld on a portion of these underlying, pre-standard APs.

  Nonetheless, when accessible, a portion of these access points will have option to get certified through programming updates and Wi-Fi-6 highlights will be upheld. This methodology is like the presentation of earlier ages such as 802.11ac and 802.11n.

• Technology Dimensions :
  Denser modulation using 1024 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), enabling a more than 35 percent speed burst. Scheduling based upon Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA). Powerful high-efficiency signaling for better activity at a significantly lower Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI), etc.
• Compatibility :
  Likewise with each other ongoing Wi-Fi advance, Wi-Fi-6 will be in reverse viable or backward compatible, expanding on existing innovations and making them more efficient.

Key benefits of Wi-Fi-6 technology :

• Higher information rates.
• Expanded limit-increased performance in highly dense areas with various types of devices consuming the bandwidth.
• Improved power efficiency.

Advantages over other Wi-Fi standards :

• More consistent and dependable network connection providing a seamless experience for clients, IOTs[Internet of Things], and all apps.
• Wi-Fi-6 (802.11ax) handles more information than past various Wi-Fi standards. It additionally handles more dynamic customers per AP. It accomplishes increase in speed to multiple times quicker than past Wi-Fi standards, improving client experience and execution of apps hungry for bandwidth with minimal effort.
• The last update for 2.4 GHz was 10 years prior. Wi-Fi-6 carries new upgrades to 2.4-GHz band that improve your wireless work with IoT gadgets that require more vitality efficiency and better Wi-Fi inclusion.

Wi-Fi-6 will address high-traffic issues achieved by different standards and IoT devices endeavoring to connect with a network. Wi-Fi-6E is headway to everything with Wi-Fi-6 yet signifies that it supports an all-new 6GHz frequency.

Wi-Fi-6E can use up to 14 extra 80 MHz channels or 7 extra super-wide 160 MHz diverts in 6 GHz for applications, for example, high-quality video streaming and augmented reality. Wi-Fi-6E devices influence these wider channels and extra ability to convey more prominent network execution and backing more Wi-Fi clients immediately, even in extremely thick and clogged conditions.

Wi-Fi-6E will acquire more prominent innovation progressions Wi-Fi that will present new utilize cases and quicken the next-generation connectivity with 5G networks.

Source: https://www.wi-fi.org

Advancement and Performance in Testing situations :
The omnipresence of Wi-Fi and it’s capacity to supplement different wireless innovations bring guarantee of associating everybody and everything, all over, closer to real world. Wi-Fi fame has likewise made extremely assorted and thickly populated Wi-Fi conditions, requiring innovative advances to address issues of clients. Wi-Fi CERTIFIED 6 conveys enhancements and new features that empower Wi-Fi devices to work efficiently in densest and dynamic network settings.

Wi-Fi-6 would now be able to separate a wireless channel into an enormous number of subchannels. Each of these subchannels can convey information planned for an alternate device. This is accomplished through something many refer to as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, or OFDMA. Thus, Wi-Fi APs can converse with more gadgets without a moment’s delay.

This new standard likewise has improved MIMO—Multiple In/Multiple Out. This includes numerous antennas, which let APs converse with different devices immediately. With Wi-Fi 5, access points could converse with devices simultaneously, yet those gadgets couldn’t react simultaneously. Wi-Fi-6 has an improved adaptation of multi-user or MU-MIMO that lets gadgets react to wireless APs simultaneously.

Wireless APs close to one another might be communicating on a similar channel. For this situation, the radio tunes in and sits tight for a reasonable sign before answering. With Wi-Fi-6, wireless access points close to one another can be configured to have a distinctive Basic Service Set (BSS). This “color” is only a number somewhere in range of 0 and 7. On the off chance that a device is checking whether channel is all reasonable and tunes in, it might see a transmission with a feeble sign and an alternate “color”. It would then be able to disregard this flag and communicate at any rate without pausing, so this will improve execution in congested zones, and is likewise called “spatial frequency re-use.”

These are only absolute most fascinating things, yet new WI-Fi standard additionally incorporates numerous upgrades. Wi-Fi-6 will likewise incorporate improved beamforming, for instance.

Feature	Wi-Fi-5	Wi-Fi-6
OFDMA	N/A	The orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access feature allows data transmission signals to be split into smaller signals.
Multi-User MIMO	Available in Downlink Direction	Available in both Uplink and Downlink Direction
Trigger-Based Random Access	N/A	Allows performing UL OFDMA transmissions by stations which are not allocated RUs directly
Spatial Frequency Reuse	N/A	It allows neighboring 802.11.ax routers to coordinate and to adjust power of transmission requests to increase chance that a device can connect to and maintain a connection to proper router
NAV	Single NAV	Two NAVs
Target Wake Time (TWT)	N/A	This reduces power consumption and medium access contention
Fragmentation	Static fragmentation	Dynamic fragmentation
Guard Interval Duration	0.4 or 0.8 micro seconds	0.8, 1.6, or 3.2 micro seconds
Symbol Duration	3.2 micro seconds	12.8 micro seconds