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Internet and Web programming

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Introduction :

The Internet is a global network of interconnected computer systems that enables communication and the sharing of information across the world. The Internet has revolutionized the way people communicate, learn, and conduct business.

Web programming refers to the development of web applications and websites that are accessed over the Internet. Web programming involves creating web pages, web applications, and other online content that can be displayed in a web browser.

Web programming is accomplished using a variety of programming languages, including HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, Python, Ruby, and Java. Each of these languages has its strengths and weaknesses, and the choice of language depends on the needs of the project.

Web programming involves creating dynamic websites that are interactive and user-friendly. This includes the use of databases, server-side scripting, and client-side scripting to create applications that can process data, display content, and interact with users.

The Internet is a vast network of computers, and servers, which communicate with each other. The internet connects the whole wide world together. The Internet is a vast network that connects billions of computers and other electronic devices all around the world. You can get nearly any information, communicate with anyone on the globe, and do a lot more with the Internet. All of this is possible by connecting a computer to the Internet, generally known as going online. When someone says a computer is online, they are simply referring to the fact that it is linked to the Internet. How does it actually work at a very low level? 

Client-side: 
First, when we type a URL like www.google.com, the browser converts it into a file containing: 
 

  1. GET /HTTP/1.1 (where GET means we are requesting some data from the server and HTTP refers to a protocol that we are using, 1.1 refers to the version of the HTTP request)
  2. Host: www.google.com
  3. And some other information

Now this file is converted to binary code by the browser and it is sent down the wires if we are connected through Ethernet and if we are using WiFi, first it converts it to a radio signal which is decoded by a router in a very low level. It is converted to binary and then sent to the servers. 

This information or ‘binary codes’ go to the destination and respond if it is received by the sender only because of the IP address. 

One router will send the information to another and this keeps on going until the binary codes reach the destination. 

Server-side: 
Now the server receives the binary code and decodes it and sends the response in the following manner: 
 

  1. HTTP/1.1 200 ok (where 200 ok is the status)
  2. Content-type:type/HTML
  3. Body of page

Now, this is converted back to binary by the server and sent to the IP address that is requesting it. Once the codes are received by the client, the browser again decodes the information in the following way: 

 

  1. First, it checks the status
  2. It starts reading the document from the HTML tag and constructs a Tree-like structure.
  3. The HTML tree is then converted to corresponding binary code and rendered on the screen.
  4. In the end, we see the website front-end.

Below is the tree structure of the HTML document: 

 

The following diagram shows the whole process: 

 

To understand the basic web terminology refer: The Internet and the Web

Uses of  Internet and Web programming : 
 

The Internet and web programming have a wide range of uses and applications. Here are some of the most common uses:

  1. Communication: The Internet has revolutionized communication, allowing people to connect with each other through email, social media, video conferencing, and instant messaging.
  2. Information sharing: The Internet has made it possible to access vast amounts of information quickly and easily. Websites like Wikipedia and news sites provide up-to-date information on a wide range of topics.
  3. E-commerce: The Internet has enabled businesses to sell products and services online, creating new opportunities for entrepreneurs and small businesses.
  4. Education: The Internet has opened up new opportunities for education, making it possible for people to learn online through MOOCs, webinars, and other online courses.
  5. Entertainment: The Internet has transformed the way we consume entertainment, with streaming services like Netflix and YouTube providing access to movies, TV shows, and other content.

Web programming plays a crucial role in enabling many of these applications. Web programming is used to create websites, online stores, web applications, and other online services that are accessed through the Internet. Web programming languages like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, and Python are used to create these web-based applications.

Issues in Internet and Web programming : 

Some of the most significant issues in Internet and web programming:

  1. Security: Security is a critical concern in web programming, as hackers can exploit vulnerabilities in web applications to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or cause damage. Developers need to implement strong security measures to protect against these threats.
  2. Compatibility: The Internet and web programming involve a wide range of devices, browsers, and operating systems. Ensuring compatibility across all of these platforms can be a significant challenge for developers.
  3. Performance: Web applications need to be responsive and perform well, even under heavy loads. This requires careful optimization of code, server infrastructure, and other resources.
  4. Accessibility: Web applications need to be accessible to people with disabilities, including those who use assistive technologies like screen readers or voice recognition software.
  5. Privacy: As web applications collect and process user data, privacy concerns have become increasingly important. Developers need to implement strong privacy policies and ensure that user data is protected.
  6. Usability: Web applications need to be easy to use and navigate, with intuitive interfaces that provide a positive user experience.

Last Updated : 06 Apr, 2023
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