India’s Freedom Movement (Part-1)

Introduction: 

The Indian freedom struggle started from the Revolt of 1857 and continue till 1947. The struggle for Independence was started in Bengal mainly. Here are some important movements, association, and their leader-

Region	Year	Association	Leader	Objective
Bengal	1866	East India Association	Dada Bhai Naoroji	It was set up In London to influence public men in England to promote India’s welfare.  It was the first such nationalist organization in England.  Related Books with the leader – Poverty & Unbritish rule.
	1875	Indian League	Babu Shishir Kumar Ghosh	The objective of the league was to Encourage nationalism among people and political association
	1876	Indian Association of Calcutta	Surendra Nath Banerjee and Anand Mohan Ghosh	It superseded India League. The aim is to unify the Indian people and create strong public opinion and promote political, intellectual and material advancement of people.
Bombay	1867	Poona Sarvajanik Sabha	Govind Ranade, Chiplunkar, Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi, BG Tilak, Gopal Hari Deshmukh	It was set up to solve the issue between the government and the people and to popularise the peasants’ legal rights. It was associated with Deccan riots.
	1885	Bombay presidency association	Badruddin Tyabji, Pherozeshah Mehta, KT Telang
Madras	1884	Madras Mahajan Sabha	G Subramania Iyer, P Ananda Charlu, M Viraraghavachari	It was set up to coordinate the activities of the local association and provincial leadership. Their demands include expansion of councils separation of executive and judicial and promoting the rights of Hindus.
	Post-1887associations	United Indian Patriotic Association	Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and Raja Shiv	It was set up with help of British government to encourage reactionary elements against congress
	December 1906	All Indian Muslim League	Nawab Salimullah of Dacca along with Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk and Waqar-ul-mulk	It was the British anti-congress front and intended to preach loyalty to the British and keep Muslim intelligentsia away
	1906	Simla deputation	Aga Khan	Aim is to demand separate electorates for Muslim intelligentsia and to take over the Muslim league floated by Salim Ullah.

Phase 1 (1890-1914)- Before the Muslimfirst World war

Event/organization in Bengal

Organisation	Members	Aim and details
Anushilan Samiti Calcutta 1902	Pramathanath Mitra, Jatindranath Banerjee, Barindra Kumar Ghosh	The aim was to destruct British rule in India.
Yugantar 1906	Barindra Kumar Ghosh, Bhupendranath Datta, Abinash Chandra Bhattacharyya
Western Anushilan	Jatindranath Mukherjee  or Bagha Jatin	Made link between central organisations in Calcutta and other places in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Quote Bagha Jatin “We shall die to awaken Nation”
Alipore Conspiracy case/Mujaffarpur killing 1908	Prafulla Chaki, Khudiram Bose	They are part of the Yugantar group. They threw a bomb at the carriage thatAmmunition they think to carry the magistrate, Kingsford but instead, two ladies were killed.
Dhaka Conspiracy case/Burrah Dacoity 1908	Putin das	Setup to Fund Arms and Ammunition
Delhi conspiracy case 1912	Rash Behari Bose and Sachin Sayal	failed to throw bomb on Lord Hardinge.  They organised secret societies in areas of Punjab, Delhi and UP.

Nationalist Movement In Abroad-

Indian Home rule league	Bal Ganga Dhar tilak	establishment of self-government in India.
Paris Indian Society Paris and Geneva	Madam Bhikaji Cama	A Parsi revolutionary developed contacts with French socialists. Journal associated- Vande Mataram
Hindu-German Conspiracy		It Inspired the formation of Ghadar. It also inspired Berlin committee supported by German Foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman.
Ghadar 1913 San Francisco (US)	Lala Har Dayal, Ramchandra, Bhagwan Singh, Kartar Singh Saraba, Baraktullah, Bhai Parmanand, Baba Jawala Singh, Santokh Singh Sohan Singh Bhakna as President	Weekly newspaper- The Ghadar Lala Har Dayal believed only armed revolt could overthrow British rule- wanted Indian immigrants to go India and evoke masses. Defense of India act was passed to suppress this movement.
Komagata Maru incident, 1914	Kartar Singh Sarabha, Raghubar Dayal Gupta, Rash Behari Bose, Sachin Sanyal	The ship named, Komagata carried 370 passengers as immigrants from Singapore to Vancouver but turned back to Canada after being pressured by the British government.
Berlin Committee for Indian Independence, 1914 also called as Indian independence committee	Virendranath Chattopadhyaya, Bhupendranath Datta, Lala Har Dayal and others	They chose Berlin as a base to use deteriorating relationship between anglo and German
Singapore Mutiny 1915	Jamadar Chishti Khan, Jamadar Abdul gani, Subedar Daud Khan

Phase-II

Kanpur Bolshevik case 1924	SA Dange, Muzaffar Ahmad, Shaukat Usmani and Nalini Gupta	It was a part of Lahore conspiracy case. It was a series of trials against  the communist.
Hindustan revolutionary association in Kanpur 1924	Ramprasad Bismil, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Sachindra Nath Sanyal	Sachindra Nath Sanyal, a member of Yugantar under the influence of socialism from the Hindustan revolutionary association.
Kakori Robbery 1925	By Hindustan Revolutionary association	The aim was to official railway cash. It led to hanging of Bismil, Ashfaqullah, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Lahiri
Hindustan Socialist Republic association September 1928	Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Bhagwati Charan Vohra (Philosophy of Bomb) In UP Bejoy Kumar Sinha, Shiv Kumar, Jaidev Kapur	Adopted socialism as its official goal The aim was to arouse people of futility of gandhian Ideology of non-violence.
Saunders Murder December 1928 or Lahore conspiracy case	Bhagat Singh (Inspired by Karta Singh Sarabha), Azad, Rajguru	Death of Sher-i-Punjab, Lala Lajpat Rai led Hindustan Socialist Republic association and need for mass revolution by masses. Later Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Rajguru were hanged in 23 March 1931.
Central Legislative Bombing 1929	Bhagat Singh & Batukeshwar Dutt	The cause was the passage of public safety bill (deporting of communist) and trade dispute bill (declared trade union as illegal) that aimed to curtail civil liberties of citizens  in general and workers in particular. The objective was to get arrested and use trial court as forum.
Meerut Conspiracy Case 1929	S. Banerjee, P. C. Joshi, H. L. Hutchinson, B. F. Bradley, P. Spratt, Muzaffar Ahmad, M. G. Desai, S.A. Dange, etc.	Several leaders of Trade Union and 3 Englishmen were arrested for organising Indian Railway strike.  British convicted 33 leftist trade union leaders under a false lawsuit.  It inspired the 1932 play Meerut by Manchester Street Theatre Group

Important Questions Related To Article:

Q1: Who set up the east India association in London?
A. Dada Bhai Naoroji
B. Surendra Nath Banerjee
C. Abhindra Nath Banerjee
D. William Weddernum
Answer: A

Q2: Which of the following leader is not associated with the Poona Sarvajnik Sabha?
A. Govind Ranade
B. Gopal Hari Deshmukh
C. BG Tilak
D. KT Telang
Answer: D

Q3: When was the Bombay presidency association set up?
A. 1887
B. 1885
C. 1890
D. 1899
Answer: B

Q4: Among the following who was not associated with the Bombay presidency association?
A. Badruddin Tyabji
B. Pherozeshah Mehta
C. Anand Mohan Ghosh
D. KT Telang
Answer: C

Q5: When was Madras Mahajan Sabha set up?
A. 1884
B. 1895
C. 1916
D. 1908
Answer: A

Q6: Which of the following member is related to Simla Deputation?
A. Agha Khan 
B. Syed Ahmad Khan
C. Ram Prasad Bismil
D. Sukhdev
Answer: A

Q7: Which of the following leader was associated with the Yugantar?
A. Barindra Kumar Ghosh
B. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
C. Sisir Kumar Ghosh
D. Prafulla Chaki
Answer: A

Q8: Bagha Jatin is related to which of the following organisation?
A. Western Anushilan
B. Yugantar
C. Alipore conspiracy
D. Meerut conspiracy
Answer: A

Q9: Among the following, who is associated with the Burrah Dacoity?
A. Sachin Sanyal
B. Bipin Chandra Pal
C. Devika Rani Chaudhary
D. Putin Das
Answer: D

Q10: When does the Mujaffar killing take place?
A. 1908
B. 1915
C. 1916
D. 1910
Answer: A

Q11: Who set up the Indian Home Rule League?
A. Madam Bhikaji Cama
B. Bal ganga dhar tilak 
C. Lala Har Dayal 
D. Kartar Singh
Answer: B

Q12: Who was the president of the Ghadar Party?
A. Lala Har Dayal 
B. Sohan Singh Bhakna
C. Jawala Singh
D. Bhagwan Singh
Answer: B