Important Questions On Ecosystem

Que 1. Which of the following is not an abiotic component of the Ecosystem?
A. Energy
B. Temperature
C. Bacteria and fungi
D. Rainfall
Answer: C

• The Abiotic components of the Ecosystem include Energy (Essential for life), Rainfall (All the Biochemical reactions take place in an aqueous medium), and  Temperature (It influences the survival of living organisms as they tolerate a certain range of temperature).
• Bacteria and fungi are osmotrophs that come under biotic components. Biotic components also include primary producers like green plants and certain bacteria and algae that are autotrophs.

Q2: The forest is a type of which ecosystem?
A. Natural Ecosystem
B. Man-made Ecosystem
C. Aquatic Ecosystem
D. Terrestrial Ecosystem
Answer: D

Ecosystems are classified mainly on two types-
Natural Ecosystem include-
1.  Terrestrial Ecosystem – Forest, Grassland, Deserts. 
2.  Aquatic Ecosystem – Fresh water, Saline water, and marine water. 
Artificial Ecosystems include- 
These are man-made ecosystems that include crop, urban, industrial, laboratory and space ecosystems.

Q3: Which of the following is a Biotic component of the Ecosystem?
A. Autotrophs
B. Carnivorous
C. Energy
D. Atmosphere
Answer: A

• The Biotic components of an ecosystem are primary Producers or Autotrophs (Green Plants and certain bacteria and algae) and Consumers or Heterotrophs (Macro consumers are herbivores, carnivores, omnivores & Micro like Saprotrophs or osmotrophs like bacteria & fungi).
• Carnivorous are flesh-eating animals. 
• Energy and Atmosphere are the Abiotic components of an ecosystem.

Q4: Which of the following component of the Ecosystem influences the survival of Living organisms up to a certain range?
A. Latitude
B. Temperature
C. Bacteria and fungi
D. Rainfall
Answer: B

The Abiotic components of the Ecosystem include- 

• Rainfall in which all the Biochemical reactions take place in an aqueous medium,
• A temperature influences the survival of the living organisms as they tolerate a certain range of temperature and after that their adaptability is lost to absolve in the environment due to a rise in temperature after a certain level.
• Latitude & Altitude influence the area’s temperature resulting in climates such as polar or tropical.
• Bacteria and fungi are osmotrophs that come under biotic components. Biotic components also include primary producers like Green plants and certain bacteria and algae that are autotrophs.

Q5: Which term defines the ability of an ecosystem to sustain equilibrium through self-regulation of its functional processes?
A. Ecosystem
B. Homeostasis
C. Ecotone
D. Biome
Answer: B

• Homeostasis is the ability of an ecosystem to sustain equilibrium through self-regulation of its functional processes.
• An ecosystem is the communities of living things in any particular area and their physical surrounding.
• Ecotone is a point where two or more different ecosystems converge.
• The biome is the terrestrial portion of the Biosphere which is split up into large regions and distinguished by its climate.

Q6: Which of the following is known as a Zone of Tension?
A. Ecosystem
B. Niche
C. Ecotone
D. Biosphere
Answer: C

• Ecotone is either quite wide or quite thin. It is also known as a Zone of Tension or transition as conditions between two nearby ecosystems are present in it(zone of tension).
• A niche is a species’ particular functional role or position within an ecosystem. No two species have precisely the same no of inches in this.
• Ecotone is a point where two or more different ecosystems converge.
• The biosphere is the region on earth where life is present. Sun is the source of the energy needed for life in the Biosphere.

Q7: Which term defines “It is a species’ particular functional role or position within an ecosystem”?
A. Ecotone
B. Ecology
C. Ecological Niche
D. Edge effect
Answer: C

• Ecotone is a point where two or more different ecosystems converge.
• Edge effect- In some communities there are more animals and people per square mile than in other ones. This is known as the Edge effect and its best example is Birds as they are susceptible to the edge effect in the terrestrial ecosystem.
• Niche is a specie’s particular functional role or position within an ecosystem. No two species have precisely the same no of niches in this.
• Ecology is the branch of Biology in which we learn about the Ecosystem.
  

Q8: Which of the following species is susceptible to the edge effect in the Terrestrial Ecosystem?
A. Birds
B. Algae
C. Bacteria and fungi
D. Plankton
Answer: A

• In some communities, there are more animals and people per square mile than in other ones. This is known as the Edge Effect. Example: Birds are particularly susceptible to the edge effect in terrestrial ecosystems.
• Bacteria and fungi are osmotrophs that come under biotic components. Biotic components also include primary producers like Green plants and certain bacteria and algae that are autotrophs.
• Plankton is the organism that exists in the marine and freshwater Ecosystem because they are non-motile or too small or weak. They don’t have much energy to swim against the flow of current,.
• Algae are aquatic, photosynthetic, nucleus-bearing organisms that lack the true roots, stems, leaves, and specialized multicellular reproductive structures of plants

Q9: Which of the following is not an Ecosystem, include in Biome?
A. Aquatic Ecosystem
B. Freshwater Ecosystem
C. Marine Ecosystem
D. Estuaries
Answer: A

• Biomes do not include aquatic zones or Ecosystems because the producers in many aquatic systems are single-celled algae that do not form “vegetation” with a distinct structure, defining aquatic biomes based on vegetation would be impossible.
• It comprises freshwater ecosystems, such as lakes, creeks, ponds, swamps, and rivers. Marine Ecosystem has salinity up to 35 ppt (90 percent sodium chloride); Estuaries, coral reefs, and mangroves are more productive than nearby rivers or seas (ecotone).

Q10: Freshwater streams are a type of which Ecosystem?
A. Aquatic 
B. Lotic
C. Lentic
D. Wetland
Answer: B

Freshwater ecosystem: 
• lotic (moving like a river) ecosystem includes freshwater streams, springs, etc.
• lentic (stagnant like a pond) ecosystem includes pools etc. In this ecosystem, salinity is less than 5 ppt.
• Wetlands ecosystems are intermediate ecosystems between terrestrial & water habitats (floodplains, littoral, etc). It is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally. 
Aquatic Ecosystems include – Fresh water, Saline water, and marine water Ecosystem. It is a part of the Natural Ecosystem. 

Q11: Oceans refer to which Ecosystem?
A. Marine Ecosystem
B. Terrestrial Ecosystem
C. Natural Ecosystem
D. Grassland Ecosystem
Answer: A
Marine ecosystems include oceans. Oceans cover almost 3/4 of the surface of the Earth. Both the ocean and the coastal ecosystems are included in this ecosystem. Salinity in this habitat is more than 35 ppt (90 percent Sodium chloride).
Estuaries are part of it (Coastal bays, river mouths, and tidal marshes forms estuaries). 
An ecosystem is mainly divided into two parts 
1. Natural Ecosystem include-Terrestrial Ecosystem – Forest, Grassland, Deserts and Aquatic Ecosystem that include fresh water, saline water and marine water ecosystem. 
2. Artificial ecosystems are crops, urban, industrial, laboratory, and space.

Q12: Which of the following does not form an Estuary?
A. Coastal Bays
B. River mouths
C. Tidal marshes
D. Ponds
Answer: D

• Oceans cover almost 3/4 of the surface of the Earth. Both the ocean and the coastal ecosystems are included in this ecosystem. Salinity in this habitat is more than 35 ppt (90 percent Sodium chloride). Estuaries are part of it and Coastal bays, river mouths, and tidal marshes form estuaries. 
• A pond ecosystem is a freshwater ecosystem that can be temporary or permanent and consists of a diverse range of aquatic plants and animals interacting with one another and the surrounding aquatic conditions.
  

Q13: Lichens, Willows, and Birches are the flora of which type of vegetation?
A. Tundra
B. Taiga
C. Deciduous
D. Tropical evergreen forest
Answer: A

• Tundra includes-
Flora- Willows, birches and lichens
Fauna- Reindeer, Musk, Ox, Lemmings, Squirrel
• Taiga includes- evergreen plants like spruce, fir, pine etc.
• Deciduous forests include- Teak, sal, Sheesham, Mahua, Hurry etc.
• Tropical evergreen forests include- Flora- Rosewood, Mahogany, Aini, Ebony etc.

Q14: Rosewood, Mahogany, and Ebony are which types of vegetation?
A. Tropical  Evergreen forest
B. Tundra forest
C. Taiga forest
D. Thorn forest
Answer: A
• Tundra includes-
Flora- Willows, birches and lichens
Fauna- Reindeer, Musk, Ox, Lemmings, Squirrel
• Taiga includes- evergreen plants like spruce, fir, pine etc.
• Thorn forest includes- flora like Babool, Ber, wild, date palm, Khair, neem etc.
• Tropical evergreen forests include-  Flora- Rosewood, Mahogany, and Ebony.

Q15: The Grassland ecosystems of Europe and Asia are known by which of the following?
A. Steppes
B. Veld
C. Pampas
D. Downs
Answer: A
About 10 to 25 percent of the Earth’s surface is made up of the grassland ecosystem. In various parts of the world, these are known by many names, including steppes in Europe and Asia, pampas in South America, Veldt in South Africa, and Downs in Australia.