Implementation of Deque using doubly linked list

Deque or Double Ended Queue is a generalized version of Queue data structure that allows insert and delete at both ends. In previous post Implementation of Deque using circular array has been discussed. Now in this post we see how we implement Deque using Doubly Linked List.

Operations on Deque :

Mainly the following four basic operations are performed on queue :

insertFront() : Adds an item at the front of Deque.
insertRear()  : Adds an item at the rear of Deque.
deleteFront() : Deletes an item from front of Deque.
deleteRear()  : Deletes an item from rear of Deque.

In addition to above operations, following operations are also supported :

getFront() : Gets the front item from queue.
getRear()  : Gets the last item from queue.
isEmpty()  : Checks whether Deque is empty or not.
size()     : Gets number of elements in Deque.
erase()    : Deletes all the elements from Deque.

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

Doubly Linked List Representation of Deque :
For implementing deque, we need to keep track of two pointers, front and rear. We enqueue (push) an item at the rear or the front end of deque and dequeue(pop) an item from both rear and front end.

Working :
Declare two pointers front and rear of type Node, where Node represents the structure of a node of a doubly linked list. Initialize both of them with value NULL.

Insertion at Front end :

1. Allocate space for a newNode of doubly linked list.
2. IF newNode == NULL, then
3.     print "Overflow"
4. ELSE
5.     IF front == NULL, then
6.         rear = front = newNode
7.     ELSE
8.         newNode->next = front
9.       front->prev = newNode
10.        front = newNode

Insertion at Rear end :

1. Allocate space for a newNode of doubly linked list.
2. IF newNode == NULL, then
3.     print "Overflow"
4. ELSE
5.     IF rear == NULL, then
6.         front = rear = newNode
7.     ELSE
8.         newNode->prev = rear
9.       rear->next = newNode
10.        rear = newNode

Deletion from Front end :

1. IF front == NULL
2.     print "Underflow"
3. ELSE
4.     Initialize temp = front
5.     front = front->next
6.     IF front == NULL
7.         rear = NULL
8.     ELSE
9.         front->prev = NULL
10     Deallocate space for temp

Deletion from Rear end :

1. IF front == NULL
2.     print "Underflow"
3. ELSE
4.     Initialize temp = rear
5.     rear = rear->prev
6.     IF rear == NULL
7.         front = NULL
8.     ELSE
9.         rear->next = NULL
10     Deallocate space for temp

// C++ implementation of Deque using 
// doubly linked list 
#include <bits/stdc++.h> 
  
using namespace std; 
  
// Node of a doubly linked list 
struct Node  
{ 
    int data; 
    Node *prev, *next; 
    // Function to get a new node 
    static Node* getnode(int data) 
    { 
        Node* newNode = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node)); 
        newNode->data = data; 
        newNode->prev = newNode->next = NULL; 
        return newNode; 
    } 
}; 
  
// A structure to represent a deque 
class Deque  
{ 
    Node* front; 
    Node* rear; 
    int Size; 
  
public: 
    Deque() 
    { 
        front = rear = NULL; 
        Size = 0; 
    } 
  
    // Operations on Deque 
    void insertFront(int data); 
    void insertRear(int data); 
    void deleteFront(); 
    void deleteRear(); 
    int getFront(); 
    int getRear(); 
    int size(); 
    bool isEmpty(); 
    void erase(); 
}; 
  
// Function to check whether deque 
// is empty or not 
bool Deque::isEmpty() 
{ 
    return (front == NULL); 
} 
  
// Function to return the number of 
// elements in the deque 
int Deque::size() 
{ 
    return Size; 
} 
  
// Function to insert an element 
// at the front end 
void Deque::insertFront(int data) 
{ 
    Node* newNode = Node::getnode(data); 
    // If true then new element cannot be added 
    // and it is an 'Overflow' condition 
    if (newNode == NULL) 
        cout << "OverFlow\n"; 
    else 
    { 
        // If deque is empty 
        if (front == NULL) 
            rear = front = newNode; 
  
        // Inserts node at the front end 
        else 
        { 
            newNode->next = front; 
            front->prev = newNode; 
            front = newNode; 
        } 
  
        // Increments count of elements by 1 
        Size++; 
    } 
} 
  
// Function to insert an element 
// at the rear end 
void Deque::insertRear(int data) 
{ 
    Node* newNode = Node::getnode(data); 
    // If true then new element cannot be added 
    // and it is an 'Overflow' condition 
    if (newNode == NULL) 
        cout << "OverFlow\n"; 
    else 
    { 
        // If deque is empty 
        if (rear == NULL) 
            front = rear = newNode; 
  
        // Inserts node at the rear end 
        else 
        { 
            newNode->prev = rear; 
            rear->next = newNode; 
            rear = newNode; 
        } 
  
        Size++; 
    } 
} 
  
// Function to delete the element 
// from the front end 
void Deque::deleteFront() 
{ 
    // If deque is empty then 
    // 'Underflow' condition 
    if (isEmpty()) 
        cout << "UnderFlow\n"; 
  
    // Deletes the node from the front end and makes 
    // the adjustment in the links 
    else 
    { 
        Node* temp = front; 
        front = front->next; 
  
        // If only one element was present 
        if (front == NULL) 
            rear = NULL; 
        else
            front->prev = NULL; 
        free(temp); 
  
        // Decrements count of elements by 1 
        Size--; 
    } 
} 
  
// Function to delete the element 
// from the rear end 
void Deque::deleteRear() 
{ 
    // If deque is empty then 
    // 'Underflow' condition 
    if (isEmpty()) 
        cout << "UnderFlow\n"; 
  
    // Deletes the node from the rear end and makes 
    // the adjustment in the links 
    else 
    { 
        Node* temp = rear; 
        rear = rear->prev; 
  
        // If only one element was present 
        if (rear == NULL) 
            front = NULL; 
        else
            rear->next = NULL; 
        free(temp); 
  
        // Decrements count of elements by 1 
        Size--; 
    } 
} 
  
// Function to return the element 
// at the front end 
int Deque::getFront() 
{ 
    // If deque is empty, then returns 
    // garbage value 
    if (isEmpty()) 
        return -1; 
    return front->data; 
} 
  
// Function to return the element 
// at the rear end 
int Deque::getRear() 
{ 
    // If deque is empty, then returns 
    // garbage value 
    if (isEmpty()) 
        return -1; 
    return rear->data; 
} 
  
// Function to delete all the elements 
// from Deque 
void Deque::erase() 
{ 
    rear = NULL; 
    while (front != NULL)  
    { 
        Node* temp = front; 
        front = front->next; 
        free(temp); 
    } 
    Size = 0; 
} 
  
// Driver program to test above 
int main() 
{ 
    Deque dq; 
    cout << "Insert element '5' at rear end\n"; 
    dq.insertRear(5); 
  
    cout << "Insert element '10' at rear end\n"; 
    dq.insertRear(10); 
  
    cout << "Rear end element: "
        << dq.getRear() << endl; 
  
    dq.deleteRear(); 
    cout << "After deleting rear element new rear"
        << " is: " << dq.getRear() << endl; 
  
    cout << "Inserting element '15' at front end \n"; 
    dq.insertFront(15); 
  
    cout << "Front end element: "
        << dq.getFront() << endl; 
  
    cout << "Number of elements in Deque: "
        << dq.size() << endl; 
  
    dq.deleteFront(); 
    cout << "After deleting front element new "
        << "front is: " << dq.getFront() << endl; 
  
    return 0; 
} 

Output :

Insert element '5' at rear end
Insert element '10' at rear end
Rear end element: 10
After deleting rear element new rear is: 5
Inserting element '15' at front end
Front end element: 15
Number of elements in Deque: 2
After deleting front element new front is: 5

Time Complexity : Time complexity of operations like insertFront(), insertRear(), deleteFront(), deleteRear()is O(1). Time Complexity of erase() is O(n).

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My Personal Notes

Operations on Deque :

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

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