Implement Stack and Queue using Deque

Deque also known as double eneded queue, as name suggests is a special kind
of queue in which insertions and deletions can be done at the last as well
as at the beginning.

A link-list representation of deque is such that each node points to the next
node as well as the previous node. So that insertion and deletions take constant
time at both the beginning and the last.

Now, deque can be used to implement a stack and queue. One simply needs to
understand how deque can made to work as a stack or a queue.

The functions of deque to tweak them to work as stack and queue are list below.

Examples: Stack

Input : Stack : 1 2 3
        Push(4)
Output : Stack : 1 2 3 4

Input : Stack : 1 2 3
        Pop()
Output : Stack : 1 2

Examples: Queue

Input: Queue : 1 2 3
       Enqueue(4)
Output: Queue : 1 2 3 4

Input: Queue : 1 2 3
       Dequeue()
Output: Queue : 2 3

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

// CPP Program to implement stack and queue using Deque 
#include <bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
  
// structure for a node of deque 
struct DQueNode { 
    int value; 
    DQueNode* next; 
    DQueNode* prev; 
}; 
  
// Implementation of deque class 
class deque { 
private: 
  
    // pointers to head and tail of deque 
    DQueNode* head; 
    DQueNode* tail; 
  
public: 
    // constructor 
    deque() 
    { 
        head = tail = NULL; 
    } 
  
    // if list is empty 
    bool isEmpty() 
    { 
        if (head == NULL) 
            return true; 
        return false; 
    } 
  
    // count the number of nodes in list 
    int size() 
    { 
        // if list is not empty 
        if (!isEmpty()) { 
            DQueNode* temp = head; 
            int len = 0; 
            while (temp != NULL) { 
                len++; 
                temp = temp->next; 
            } 
            return len; 
        } 
        return 0; 
    } 
  
    // insert at the first position 
    void insert_first(int element) 
    { 
        // allocating node of DQueNode type 
        DQueNode* temp = new DQueNode[sizeof(DQueNode)]; 
        temp->value = element; 
  
        // if the element is first element 
        if (head == NULL) { 
            head = tail = temp; 
            temp->next = temp->prev = NULL; 
        } 
        else { 
            head->prev = temp; 
            temp->next = head; 
            temp->prev = NULL; 
            head = temp; 
        } 
    } 
  
    // insert at last position of deque 
    void insert_last(int element) 
    { 
        // allocating node of DQueNode type 
        DQueNode* temp = new DQueNode[sizeof(DQueNode)]; 
        temp->value = element; 
  
        // if element is the first element 
        if (head == NULL) { 
            head = tail = temp; 
            temp->next = temp->prev = NULL; 
        } 
        else { 
            tail->next = temp; 
            temp->next = NULL; 
            temp->prev = tail; 
            tail = temp; 
        } 
    } 
  
    // remove element at the first position 
    void remove_first() 
    { 
        // if list is not empty 
        if (!isEmpty()) { 
            DQueNode* temp = head; 
            head = head->next; 
            head->prev = NULL; 
            free(temp); 
            return; 
        } 
        cout << "List is Empty" << endl; 
    } 
  
    // remove element at the last position 
    void remove_last() 
    { 
        // if list is not empty 
        if (!isEmpty()) { 
            DQueNode* temp = tail; 
            tail = tail->prev; 
            tail->next = NULL; 
            free(temp); 
            return; 
        } 
        cout << "List is Empty" << endl; 
    } 
  
    // displays the elements in deque 
    void display() 
    { 
        // if list is not empty 
        if (!isEmpty()) { 
            DQueNode* temp = head; 
            while (temp != NULL) { 
                cout << temp->value << " "; 
                temp = temp->next; 
            } 
            cout << endl; 
            return; 
        } 
        cout << "List is Empty" << endl; 
    } 
}; 
  
// Class to implement stack using Deque 
class Stack : public deque { 
public: 
    // push to push element at top of stack 
    // using insert at last function of deque 
    void push(int element) 
    { 
        insert_last(element); 
    } 
  
    // pop to remove element at top of stack 
    // using remove at last function of deque 
    void pop() 
    { 
        remove_last(); 
    } 
}; 
  
// class to implement queue using deque 
class Queue : public deque { 
public: 
    // enqueue to insert element at last 
    // using insert at last function of deque 
    void enqueue(int element) 
    { 
        insert_last(element); 
    } 
  
    // dequeue to remove element from first 
    // using remove at first function of deque 
    void dequeue() 
    { 
        remove_first(); 
    } 
}; 
  
// Driver Code 
int main() 
{ 
    // object of Stack 
    Stack stk; 
  
    // push 7 and 8 at top of stack 
    stk.push(7); 
    stk.push(8); 
    cout << "Stack: "; 
    stk.display(); 
  
    // pop an element 
    stk.pop(); 
    cout << "Stack: "; 
    stk.display(); 
  
    // object of Queue 
    Queue que; 
  
    // insert 12 and 13 in queue 
    que.enqueue(12); 
    que.enqueue(13); 
    cout << "Queue: "; 
    que.display(); 
  
    // delete an element from queue 
    que.dequeue(); 
    cout << "Queue: "; 
    que.display(); 
  
    cout << "Size of Stack is " << stk.size() << endl; 
    cout << "Size of Queue is " << que.size() << endl; 
    return 0; 
} 

Output:

Stack: 7 8
Stack: 7
Queue: 12 13
Queue: 13
Size of Stack is 1
Size of Queue is 1

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My Personal Notes

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

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