How to Fix: error: `mapping` must be created by `aes()` in R

In this article, we are going to see how to fix the error `mapping` must be created by `aes()` in R Programming Language.

Mapping must be created by aes() error occurs when we use aes() argument while creating a plot in ggplot2 with an incorrect place or without mapping syntax.

Producing the Error

Here we will create dataframe with two variables and then try to plot with the incorrect place of aes().

R

library(ggplot2)

# Create example data
data <- data.frame(x = 5:1,
                   y = 10:6)
ggplot() + geom_point(data, aes(x=x))

Output:

Error: `mapping` must be created by `aes()`

Method 1: Solve using Mapping

We will deploy the mapping attributes in front of the aes() argument, this error occurs without using mapping syntax.

R

library(ggplot2)

# Create example data
data <- data.frame(x = 5:1,
                   y = 10:6)
ggplot() + geom_point(data, mapping=aes(x=x, y = y))

Output:

Method 2: Solve using aes() method

We can also fix this error with using aes() in a right place, aes() argument within the ggplot() function.

R

library(ggplot2)

# Create example data
data <- data.frame(x = 5:1,
                   y = 10:6)
ggplot(data, aes(x=x, y)) + geom_point()

Output: