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How to build a basic CRUD app with Node and React ?

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In this article, we will create a basic Student app from scratch using the MERN stack which will implement all the CRUD(Create, Read, Update and Delete) Operations.

Preview of final output: Let us have a look at how the final application will look like

OutputMernstudent

Output Preview

App functionality: 

  • Create a new student
  • Update an existing student
  • Show students list
  • Delete a student

REST API in this project:

REST API 

URL

GET http://localhost:4000/students
GET /students/update-student/id
POST /students/create-student
PUT /students/update-student/id
DELETE /students/delete-student/id

First of all, we will work on the frontend part of our application using React.js.

Steps to create React Application and Installing modules:

Step 1: Let’s start building the Front-end part with React. To create a new React App, enter the following code into terminal and hit enter. 

npx create-react-app mern-stack-crud

Step 2: Move into the React project folder.

cd mern-stack-crud

Step 3: To run the React App, run the following command:

npm start

This command opens the React App to the browser on the following URL: http://localhost:3000/

Step 4: To build the React App we need to install some external modules. 

NPM

Detail

React-Bootstrap React-Bootstrap has evolved and grown alongside React, making it an excellent choice for your UI.
React-Router-Dom React Router DOM enables you to implement routing in a React App. 
Axios It is a promise base HTTP Client and use for network request.
Formik A great library to build form in React.
Yup Yup is a JavaScript schema builder for form validation.

To install, run the following code on the terminal. 

npm i react-bootstrap@next bootstrap@5.1.0 react-router-dom axios formik yup

Step 5: Creating Simple React Components – In this step we will create some React Components to manage student data.

Head over to src folder, make a folder and name it Components and within that directory create the following components.

  • StudentForm.js – Reusable Student form
  • create-student.component.js – Responsible for create new student 
  • edit-student.component.js – Responsible for update student data
  • student-list.component.js – Responsible for display all student
  • StudentTableRow.js  – Responsible for display a single student 

Frontend Project Structure: It will look like the following

front-end project structure

Approach:

  • We will build a reusable student form with Formik and React-Bootstrap. This form has all the necessary fields to enter student details. We have also made client-side form validation with Yup. In the future, we will use this component for creating and update a student. Go to src/Components/StudentForm.js.
  • We will create a component to add a new student.  We have already created a StudentForm component to enter student details. Now, it’s time to use this component. Go to src/Components/create-student.component.js.
  • We will create a component to update details. We have reusable StudentForm component, let’s use it again. We will fetch student details to reinitialise form. Go to src/Components/edit-student.component.js.
  • We will build a component to display the student details in a table.  We will fetch student’s data and iterate over it to create table row for every student. Go to src/Components/student-list.component.js.
  • We will return table row which is responsible to display student data. Go to src/Components/StudentTableRow.js.
  • Finally, include the menu to make routing in our MERN Stack CRUD app. Go to src/App.js and write the following code. 

Javascript




//App.js
// Import React
import React from "react";
 
// Import Bootstrap
import { Nav, Navbar, Container, Row, Col }
    from "react-bootstrap";
import "bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css";
 
// Import Custom CSS
import "./App.css";
 
// Import from react-router-dom
import {
    BrowserRouter as Router, Switch,
    Route, Link
} from "react-router-dom";
 
// Import other React Component
import CreateStudent from
    "./Components/create-student.component";
import EditStudent from
    "./Components/edit-student.component";
import StudentList from
    "./Components/student-list.component";
 
// App Component
const App = () => {
    return (
        <Router>
            <div className="App">
                <header className="App-header">
                    <Navbar bg="dark" variant="dark">
                        <Container>
                            <Navbar.Brand>
                                <Link to={"/create-student"}
                                    className="nav-link">
                                    React MERN Stack App
                                </Link>
                            </Navbar.Brand>
 
                            <Nav className="justify-content-end">
                                <Nav>
                                    <Link to={"/create-student"}
                                        className="nav-link">
                                        Create Student
                                    </Link>
                                </Nav>
 
                                <Nav>
                                    <Link to={"/student-list"}
                                        className="nav-link">
                                        Student List
                                    </Link>
                                </Nav>
                            </Nav>
                        </Container>
                    </Navbar>
                </header>
 
                <Container>
                    <Row>
                        <Col md={12}>
                            <div className="wrapper">
                                <Switch>
                                    <Route exact path="/"
                                        component={CreateStudent} />
                                    <Route path="/create-student"
                                        component={CreateStudent} />
                                    <Route path="/edit-student/:id"
                                        component={EditStudent} />
                                    <Route path="/student-list"
                                        component={StudentList} />
                                </Switch>
                            </div>
                        </Col>
                    </Row>
                </Container>
            </div>
        </Router>
    );
};
 
export default App;


Javascript




//src / Components / StudentForm.js
import React from "react";
import * as Yup from "yup";
import {
    Formik, Form,
    Field, ErrorMessage
} from "formik";
import {
    FormGroup,
    FormControl, Button
} from "react-bootstrap";
 
const StudentForm = (props) => {
    const validationSchema =
        Yup.object().shape({
            name: Yup.string().required("Required"),
            email: Yup.string()
                .email(
`You have enter an invalid email address`
                )
                .required("Required"),
            rollno: Yup.number()
                .positive("Invalid roll number")
                .integer("Invalid roll number")
                .required("Required"),
        });
    console.log(props);
    return (
        <div className="form-wrapper">
            <Formik {...props}
                validationSchema={validationSchema}>
                <Form>
                    <FormGroup>
                        <Field name="name" type="text"
                            className="form-control" />
                        <ErrorMessage
                            name="name"
                            className="d-block
                                invalid-feedback"
                            component="span"
                        />
                    </FormGroup>
                    <FormGroup>
                        <Field name="email"
                            type="text"
                            className="form-control" />
                        <ErrorMessage
                            name="email"
                            className="d-block
                                invalid-feedback"
                            component="span"
                        />
                    </FormGroup>
                    <FormGroup>
                        <Field name="rollno"
                            type="number"
                            className="form-control" />
                        <ErrorMessage
                            name="rollno"
                            className="d-block
                                invalid-feedback"
                            component="span"
                        />
                    </FormGroup>
                    <Button variant="danger" size="lg"
                        block="block" type="submit">
                        {props.children}
                    </Button>
                </Form>
            </Formik>
        </div>
    );
};
 
export default StudentForm;


Javascript




//src/Components/create-student.component.js
// CreateStudent Component for add new student
 
// Import Modules
import React,
{
    useState,
    useEffect
} from "react";
import axios from 'axios';
import StudentForm
    from "./StudentForm";
 
// CreateStudent Component
const CreateStudent = () => {
    const [formValues, setFormValues] =
        useState(
            {
                name: '',
                email: '',
                rollno: ''
            })
    // onSubmit handler
    const onSubmit =
        studentObject => {
            axios.post(
                studentObject)
                .then(res => {
                    if (res.status === 200)
                        alert('Student successfully created')
                    else
                        Promise.reject()
                })
                .catch(err => alert('Something went wrong'))
        }
 
    // Return student form
    return (
        <StudentForm initialValues={formValues}
            onSubmit={onSubmit}
            enableReinitialize>
            Create Student
        </StudentForm>
    )
}
 
// Export CreateStudent Component
export default CreateStudent


Javascript




//src/Components/edit-student.component.js
// EditStudent Component for update student data
 
// Import Modules
import React,
{
    useState,
    useEffect
} from "react";
import axios from "axios";
import StudentForm
    from "./StudentForm";
 
// EditStudent Component
const EditStudent = (props) => {
    const [formValues, setFormValues] =
        useState(
            {
                name: "",
                email: "",
                rollno: "",
            }
        );
 
    //onSubmit handler
    const onSubmit = (studentObject) => {
        axios
            .put(
                props.match.params.id,
                studentObject
            )
            .then((res) => {
                if (res.status === 200) {
                    alert("Student successfully updated");
                    props.history.push("/student-list");
                } else Promise.reject();
            })
            .catch(
                (err) =>
                    alert("Something went wrong")
            );
    };
 
    // Load data from server and reinitialize student form
    useEffect(() => {
        axios
            .get(
                + props.match.params.id
            )
            .then((res) => {
                const {
                    name,
                    email,
                    rollno
                } = res.data;
                setFormValues(
                    {
                        name,
                        email,
                        rollno
                    });
            })
            .catch(
                (err) =>
                    console.log(err)
            );
    }, []);
 
    // Return student form
    return (
        <StudentForm
            initialValues={formValues}
            onSubmit={onSubmit}
            enableReinitialize>
            Update Student
        </StudentForm>
    );
};
 
// Export EditStudent Component
export default EditStudent;


Javascript




//src/Components/student-list.component.js
import React,
{
    useState,
    useEffect
} from "react";
import axios
    from "axios";
import { Table }
    from "react-bootstrap";
import StudentTableRow
    from "./StudentTableRow";
 
const StudentList = () => {
    const [students, setStudents] = useState([]);
 
    useEffect(() => {
        axios
            .get("http://localhost:4000/students/")
            .then(({ data }) => {
                setStudents(data);
            })
            .catch((error) => {
                console.log(error);
            });
    }, []);
 
    const DataTable = () => {
        return students.map((res, i) => {
            return <StudentTableRow
                obj={res} key={i} />;
        });
    };
 
    return (
        <div className="table-wrapper">
            <Table striped bordered hover>
                <thead>
                    <tr>
                        <th>Name</th>
                        <th>Email</th>
                        <th>Roll No</th>
                        <th>Action</th>
                    </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>{DataTable()}</tbody>
            </Table>
        </div>
    );
};
 
export default StudentList;


Javascript




//src/Components/StudentTableRow.js
import React from "react";
import { Button }
    from "react-bootstrap";
import { Link }
    from "react-router-dom";
import axios from "axios";
 
const StudentTableRow =
    (props) => {
        const {
            _id,
            name,
            email,
            rollno
        } = props.obj;
 
        const deleteStudent = () => {
            axios
                .delete(
                .then((res) => {
                    if (res.status === 200) {
                        alert("Student successfully deleted");
                        window.location.reload();
                    } else Promise.reject();
                })
                .catch(
                    (err) =>
                        alert("Something went wrong"));
        };
 
        return (
            <tr>
                <td>{name}</td>
                <td>{email}</td>
                <td>{rollno}</td>
                <td>
                    <Link className="edit-link"
                        to={"/edit-student/" + _id}>
                        Edit
                    </Link>
                    <Button
                        onClick={deleteStudent}
                        size="sm" variant="danger">
                        Delete
                    </Button>
                </td>
            </tr>
        );
    };
 
export default StudentTableRow;


CSS




.wrapper {
    padding-top: 30px;
}
 
body h3 {
    margin-bottom: 25px;
}
 
.navbar-brand a {
    color: #ffffff;
}
 
.form-wrapper,
.table-wrapper {
    max-width: 500px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}
 
.table-wrapper {
    max-width: 700px;
}
 
.edit-link {
    padding: 7px 10px;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    line-height: normal;
    border-radius: 0.2rem;
    color: #fff;
    background-color: #28a745;
    border-color: #28a745;
    margin-right: 10px;
    position: relative;
    top: 1px;
}
 
.edit-link:hover {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #ffffff;
}
 
/* Chrome, Safari, Edge, Opera */
input::-webkit-outer-spin-button,
input::-webkit-inner-spin-button {
    -webkit-appearance: none;
    margin: 0;
}
 
/* Firefox */
input[type=number] {
    -moz-appearance: textfield;
}


Now, we have successfully created the frontend for our mern-stack-app. Let’s build the backend part. Before, jumping to next section take a look how the frontend part working without backend.

Step to Run the application: Open the terminal and type the following command.

npm start

Output:

Steps to setup the backend:

Step 1: Run command to create backend folder for server and get inside of it.

mkdir backend && cd backend

Step 2: Create package.json – Next, we need to create a separate package.json file for managing the server of our mern-stack-crud  app.

npm init -y

Step 3: Install Node Dependencies – Install the following Node dependencies. 

NPM

Detail

Express Node.js framework that helps in creating powerful REST APIs.
body-parser Extracts the entire body portion of a request stream and exposes it on req.body.
cors It’s a Node.js package that helps in enabling Access-Control-Allow-Origin CORS header.
mongoose It’s a NoSQL database for creating a robust web application.

To install the above dependencies, run the following code on the terminal. 

npm install express body-parser cors mongoose nodemon

Backend Project Structure:

back-end project structure

The updated dependencies in package.json file will look like

"dependencies": {
    "body-parser": "^1.20.2",
    "cors": "^2.8.5",
    "express": "^4.18.2",
    "mongoose": "^7.6.5"
    "nodemon": "^3.0.1",
}

Approach:

  • We will set up a MongoDB database for our app. Before, starting make sure you have latest version of MongoDB is installed on your system. Create folder inside the backend  folder and name it database. Create a file by the name of db.js inside the database folder. Go to  backend/database/db.js. We have declared the MongoDB database and name it reactdb
  • Now, create MongoDB schema for interacting with MongoDB database. Create a folder called models inside backend folder to keep schema related files and create a file Student.js inside of it to define MongoDB schema. Go to  backend/models/Student.js.
  • We are set up some routes (REST APIs) for CREATE, READ, UPDATE and DELETE using Express and Node.js. These routes will help us to manage the data in our mern-stack-crud app. Create a folder and name it routes inside backend folder. Here we will keep all the routes related files. Also, create a file and name it student.routes.js inside routes folder, in this file we will define our routes. 
mkdir routes && cd routes && touch student.route.js
  • We have almost created everything for our mern-stack-crud app. Now, create the server.js file in the root of the backend folder. Go to backend/server.js and write the following code.

Javascript




//backend/server.js
let express = require('express');
let mongoose = require('mongoose');
let cors = require('cors');
let bodyParser = require('body-parser');
let dbConfig = require('./database/db');
 
// Express Route
const studentRoute =
    require('../backend/routes/student.route')
 
// Configure mongoDB Database
mongoose.set('useNewUrlParser', true);
mongoose.set('useFindAndModify', false);
mongoose.set('useCreateIndex', true);
mongoose.set('useUnifiedTopology', true);
 
// Connecting MongoDB Database
mongoose.Promise = global.Promise;
mongoose.connect(dbConfig.db)
    .then(() => {
        console.log('Database successfully connected!')
    },
        error => {
            console.log('Could not connect to database : ' + error)
        }
    )
 
const app = express();
app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({
    extended: true
}));
app.use(cors());
app.use('/students', studentRoute)
 
 
// PORT
const port = process.env.PORT || 4000;
const server = app.listen(port,
    () => {
        console.log('Connected to port ' + port)
    })
 
// 404 Error
app.use((req, res, next) => {
    res.status(404).send('Error 404!')
});
 
app.use(function (err, req, res, next) {
    console.error(err.message);
    if (!err.statusCode) err.statusCode = 500;
    res.status(err.statusCode)
        .send(err.message);
});


Javascript




//backend/routes/student.route.js
let mongoose = require("mongoose"),
    express = require("express"),
    router = express.Router();
 
// Student Model
let studentSchema =
    require("../models/Student");
 
// CREATE Student
router.post("/create-student",
    (req, res, next) => {
        studentSchema.create(req.body,
            (error, data) => {
                if (error) {
                    return next(error);
                } else {
                    console.log(data);
                    res.json(data);
                }
            });
    });
 
// READ Students
router.get("/", (req, res) => {
    studentSchema.find((error, data) => {
        if (error) {
            return next(error);
        } else {
            res.json(data);
        }
    });
});
 
// UPDATE student
router
    .route("/update-student/:id")
    // Get Single Student
    .get((req, res) => {
        studentSchema.findById(
            req.params.id,
            (error, data) => {
                if (error) {
                    return next(error);
                } else {
                    res.json(data);
                }
            });
    })
 
    // Update Student Data
    .put((req, res, next) => {
        studentSchema.findByIdAndUpdate(
            req.params.id,
            {
                $set: req.body,
            },
            (error, data) => {
                if (error) {
                    return next(error);
                    console.log(error);
                } else {
                    res.json(data);
                    console.log("Student updated successfully !");
                }
            }
        );
    });
 
// Delete Student
router.delete("/delete-student/:id",
    (req, res, next) => {
        studentSchema.findByIdAndRemove(
            req.params.id, (error, data) => {
                if (error) {
                    return next(error);
                } else {
                    res.status(200).json({
                        msg: data,
                    });
                }
            });
    });
 
module.exports = router;


Javascript




//backend/models/Student.js
const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const Schema = mongoose.Schema;
 
let studentSchema =
    new Schema(
        {
            name: {
                type: String
            },
            email: {
                type: String
            },
            rollno: {
                type: Number
            }
        },
        {
            collection: 'students'
        })
 
module.exports =
    mongoose.model('Student', studentSchema);


Now, we have successfully created the backend for our mern-stack-app.  

Step to Run the application: Open a terminal and run the following command to start the Nodemon server by staying in the backend folder.

npm start

Output: 

mern-stack-crud-app



Last Updated : 14 Jan, 2024
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