How to avoid Structure Padding in C?

Prerequisites: Structure Member Alignment, Padding and Data Packing

In Structure, sometimes the size of the structure is more than the size of all structures members because of structure padding.

Below is an example of Structure padding:

// C program to show an example
// of Structure padding
#include <stdio.h>

struct s {
    int i;
    char ch;
    double d;
};

int main()
{
    struct s A;
    printf("Size of A is: %ld", sizeof(A));
}

Output:

Size of A is: 16

Note: But what actual size of all structure member is 13 Bytes. So here total 3 bytes are wasted.

So, to avoid structure padding we can use pragma pack as well as an attribute.
Below are the solutions to avoid structure padding:

Program-1: Using pragma pack

// C program to avoid structure
// padding using pragma pack
#include <stdio.h>

// To force compiler to use 1 byte packaging
#pragma pack(1)
struct s {
    int i;
    char ch;
    double d;
};

int main()
{
    struct s A;
    printf("Size of A is: %ld", sizeof(A));
}

Output:

Size of A is: 13

Program-2: Using attribute

// C program to avoid structure
// padding using attribute
#include <stdio.h>

struct s {
    int i;
    char ch;
    double d;
} __attribute__((packed));
// Attribute informing compiler to pack all members

int main()
{
    struct s A;
    printf("Size of A is: %ld", sizeof(A));
}

Output:

Size of A is: 13