Histograms in R language
Last Updated :
13 Jun, 2023
A histogram contains a rectangular area to display the statistical information which is proportional to the frequency of a variable and its width in successive numerical intervals. A graphical representation that manages a group of data points into different specified ranges. It has a special feature that shows no gaps between the bars and is similar to a vertical bar graph.
R – Histograms
We can create histograms in R Programming Language using the hist() function.
Syntax: hist(v, main, xlab, xlim, ylim, breaks, col, border)
Parameters:
- v: This parameter contains numerical values used in histogram.
- main: This parameter main is the title of the chart.
- col: This parameter is used to set color of the bars.
- xlab: This parameter is the label for horizontal axis.
- border: This parameter is used to set border color of each bar.
- xlim: This parameter is used for plotting values of x-axis.
- ylim: This parameter is used for plotting values of y-axis.
- breaks: This parameter is used as width of each bar.
Creating a simple Histogram in R
Creating a simple histogram chart by using the above parameter. This vector v is plot using hist().
Example:
R
v <- c (19, 23, 11, 5, 16, 21, 32,
14, 19, 27, 39)
hist (v, xlab = "No.of Articles " ,
col = "green" , border = "black" )
|
Output:
Histograms in R language
Range of X and Y values
To describe the range of values we need to do the following steps:
- We can use the xlim and ylim parameters in X-axis and Y-axis.
- Take all parameters which are required to make a histogram chart.
Example
R
v <- c (19, 23, 11, 5, 16, 21, 32, 14, 19, 27, 39)
hist (v, xlab = "No.of Articles" , col = "green" ,
border = "black" , xlim = c (0, 50),
ylim = c (0, 5), breaks = 5)
|
Output:
Histograms in R language
Using histogram return values for labels using text()
To create a histogram return value chart.
R
v <- c (19, 23, 11, 5, 16, 21, 32, 14, 19,
27, 39, 120, 40, 70, 90)
m<- hist (v, xlab = "Weight" , ylab = "Frequency" ,
col = "darkmagenta" , border = "pink" ,
breaks = 5)
text (m$mids, m$counts, labels = m$counts,
adj = c (0.5, -0.5))
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Output:
Histograms in R language
Histogram using non-uniform width
Creating different width histogram charts, by using the above parameters, we created a histogram using non-uniform width.
Example
R
v <- c (19, 23, 11, 5, 16, 21, 32, 14,
19, 27, 39, 120, 40, 70, 90)
hist (v, xlab = "Weight" , ylab = "Frequency" ,
xlim = c (50, 100),
col = "darkmagenta" , border = "pink" ,
breaks = c (5, 55, 60, 70, 75,
80, 100, 140))
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Output:
Histograms in R language
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