format()
function in R Language is used to format strings and numbers in a specified style.
Syntax: format(x, digits, nsmall, scientific, width, justify = c(“left”, “right”, “center”, “none”))
Parameters:
x: is the vector input.
digits: is the total number of digits displayed.
nsmall: is the minimum number of digits to the right of the decimal point.
scientific: is set to TRUE to display scientific notation.
width: indicates the minimum width to be displayed by padding blanks in the beginning.
justify: is the display of the string to left, right, or center.
Example 1:
# R program to illustrate # format function # Calling the format() function over # different arguments # Rounding off the specified digits # into 4 digits result1 < - format ( 12.3456789 , digits = 4 ) result2 < - format ( 12.3456789 , digits = 6 ) print (result1) print (result2) # Getting the specified minimum number of digits # to the right of the decimal point. result3 < - format ( 12.3456789 , nsmall = 2 ) result4 < - format ( 12.3456789 , nsmall = 7 ) print (result3) print (result4) |
Output:
[1] "12.35" [1] "12.3457" [1] "12.34568" [1] "12.3456789"
Example 2:
# R program to illustrate # format function # Calling the format() function over # different arguments # Getting the number in the string form result1 < - format ( 1234 ) result2 < - format ( 12.3456789 ) print (result1) print (result2) # Display numbers in scientific notation result3 < - format ( 12.3456789 , scientific = TRUE) result4 < - format ( 12.3456789 , scientific = FALSE) print (result3) print (result4) |
Output:
[1] "1234" [1] "12.34568" [1] "1.234568e+01" [1] "12.34568"
Example 3:
# R program to illustrate # format function # Calling the format() function over # different arguments # Adding any number of spaces # in the beginning result1 < - format ( 12.34 , width = 2 ) result2 < - format ( 12.34 , width = 6 ) print (result1) print (result2) # Placing string in the left side result3 < - format ( "GFG" , width = 8 , justify = "l" ) # Placing string in the center result4 < - format ( "GFG" , width = 8 , justify = "c" ) # Placing string in the right result5 < - format ( "GFG" , width = 8 , justify = "r" ) # Getting the different string placement print (result3) print (result4) print (result5) |
Output:
[1] "12.34" [1] " 12.34" [1] "GFG " [1] " GFG " [1] " GFG"