Formatting Numbers and Strings in R Programming – format() Function
format() function in R Programming Language is used to format strings and numbers in a specified style.
Syntax: format(x, digits, nsmall, scientific, width, justify = c(“left”, “right”, “center”, “none”))
Parameters:
- x: is the vector input.
- digits: is the total number of digits displayed.
- nsmall: is the minimum number of digits to the right of the decimal point.
- scientific: is set to TRUE to display scientific notation.
- width: indicates the minimum width to be displayed by padding blanks in the beginning.
- justify: is the display of the string to left, right, or center.
String formatting in R
Example: In this example, we are going will work with string formatting in R programming using format() method.
R
# Placing string in the left side result1 <- format ( "GFG" , width = 8, justify = "l" ) # Placing string in the center result2 <- format ( "GFG" , width = 8, justify = "c" ) # Placing string in the right result3 <- format ( "GFG" , width = 8, justify = "r" ) # Getting the different string placement print (result1) print (result2) print (result3) |
Output:
[1] "GFG " [1] " GFG " [1] " GFG"
Number formatting in R
Here we will use format() method for number formatting in R programming.
Example 1:
R
# R program to illustrate # format function # Calling the format() function over # different arguments # Rounding off the specified digits # into 4 digits result1 < - format (12.3456789, digits=4) result2 < - format (12.3456789, digits=6) print (result1) print (result2) # Getting the specified minimum number of digits # to the right of the decimal point. result3 < - format (12.3456789, nsmall=2) result4 < - format (12.3456789, nsmall=7) print (result3) print (result4) |
Output:
[1] "12.35" [1] "12.3457" [1] "12.34568" [1] "12.3456789"
Example 2:
R
# R program to illustrate # format function # Calling the format() function over # different arguments # Getting the number in the string form result1 < - format (1234) result2 < - format (12.3456789) print (result1) print (result2) # Display numbers in scientific notation result3 < - format (12.3456789, scientific= TRUE ) result4 < - format (12.3456789, scientific= FALSE ) print (result3) print (result4) |
Output:
[1] "1234" [1] "12.34568" [1] "1.234568e+01" [1] "12.34568"
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