Formatting Numbers and Strings in R Programming – format() Function
format() function in R Language is used to format strings and numbers in a specified style.
Syntax: format(x, digits, nsmall, scientific, width, justify = c(“left”, “right”, “center”, “none”))
Parameters:
x: is the vector input.
digits: is the total number of digits displayed.
nsmall: is the minimum number of digits to the right of the decimal point.
scientific: is set to TRUE to display scientific notation.
width: indicates the minimum width to be displayed by padding blanks in the beginning.
justify: is the display of the string to left, right, or center.
Example 1:
# R program to illustrate # format function # Calling the format() function over # different arguments # Rounding off the specified digits # into 4 digits result1 <- format(12.3456789, digits = 4) result2 <- format(12.3456789, digits = 6) print(result1) print(result2) # Getting the specified minimum number of digits # to the right of the decimal point. result3 <- format(12.3456789, nsmall = 2) result4 <- format(12.3456789, nsmall = 7) print(result3) print(result4) |
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Output:
[1] "12.35" [1] "12.3457" [1] "12.34568" [1] "12.3456789"
Example 2:
# R program to illustrate # format function # Calling the format() function over # different arguments # Getting the number in the string form result1 <- format(1234) result2 <- format(12.3456789) print(result1) print(result2) # Display numbers in scientific notation result3 <- format(12.3456789, scientific = TRUE) result4 <- format(12.3456789, scientific = FALSE) print(result3) print(result4) |
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Output:
[1] "1234" [1] "12.34568" [1] "1.234568e+01" [1] "12.34568"
Example 3:
# R program to illustrate # format function # Calling the format() function over # different arguments # Adding any number of spaces # in the beginning result1 <- format(12.34, width = 2) result2 <- format(12.34, width = 6) print(result1) print(result2) # Placing string in the left side result3 <- format("GFG", width = 8, justify = "l") # Placing string in the center result4 <- format("GFG", width = 8, justify = "c") # Placing string in the right result5 <- format("GFG", width = 8, justify = "r") # Getting the different string placement print(result3) print(result4) print(result5) |
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Output:
[1] "12.34" [1] " 12.34" [1] "GFG " [1] " GFG " [1] " GFG"
