Formatting Numbers and Strings in R Programming – format() Function
format() function in R Programming Language is used to format strings and numbers in a specified style.
Syntax: format(x, digits, nsmall, scientific, width, justify = c(“left”, “right”, “center”, “none”))
Parameters:
- x: is the vector input.
- digits: is the total number of digits displayed.
- nsmall: is the minimum number of digits to the right of the decimal point.
- scientific: is set to TRUE to display scientific notation.
- width: indicates the minimum width to be displayed by padding blanks in the beginning.
- justify: is the display of the string to left, right, or center.
String formatting in R
Example: In this example, we are going will work with string formatting in R programming using format() method.
R
# Placing string in the left sideresult1 <- format("GFG", width = 8, justify = "l")# Placing string in the centerresult2 <- format("GFG", width = 8, justify = "c")# Placing string in the rightresult3 <- format("GFG", width = 8, justify = "r")# Getting the different string placementprint(result1)print(result2)print(result3) |
Output:
[1] "GFG " [1] " GFG " [1] " GFG"
Number formatting in R
Here we will use format() method for number formatting in R programming.
Example 1:
R
# R program to illustrate# format function# Calling the format() function over# different arguments# Rounding off the specified digits# into 4 digitsresult1 < - format(12.3456789, digits=4)result2 < - format(12.3456789, digits=6)print(result1)print(result2)# Getting the specified minimum number of digits# to the right of the decimal point.result3 < - format(12.3456789, nsmall=2)result4 < - format(12.3456789, nsmall=7)print(result3)print(result4) |
Output:
[1] "12.35" [1] "12.3457" [1] "12.34568" [1] "12.3456789"
Example 2:
R
# R program to illustrate# format function# Calling the format() function over# different arguments# Getting the number in the string formresult1 < - format(1234)result2 < - format(12.3456789)print(result1)print(result2)# Display numbers in scientific notationresult3 < - format(12.3456789, scientific=TRUE)result4 < - format(12.3456789, scientific=FALSE)print(result3)print(result4) |
Output:
[1] "1234" [1] "12.34568" [1] "1.234568e+01" [1] "12.34568"
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