Given an array, find the first element that appears even number of times in the array. It returns the element if exists otherwise returns 0.
Examples:
Input : arr[] = {1, 5, 4, 7, 4, 1, 5, 7, 1, 5};
Output : 4
Explanation, 4 is the first element that appears even number of times.Input : arr[] = {2, 4, 6, 8, 1, 6};
Output : 6
Explanation, 6 is the first element that appears even number of times
A Simple solution is to consider every element one by one. For every element, start counting the frequency, the first element whose count is even gives the result. Time complexity of this solution is O(n
).
An Efficient solution can solve this problem using hash map having O(n) time and O(n) extra space as:
-
For each element a[i] of the array, do the following:
- If a[i] is not present in the hash map, insert it in hash map as pair (a[i], false).
- If a[i] is present in the hash map and value is true, toggle it to false.
- If a[i] is present in the hash map and value is false, toggle it to true.
To find the first element appearing even number of times, traverse the array again and find a[i] with value true and return.
C++
// C++ code to find the first element // that appears even number times #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int firstEven(int arr[], int n) { unordered_map<int, bool> map1; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { // first time occurred if (map1.find(arr[i]) == map1.end()) map1.insert(pair <int,bool> (arr[i],false)); // toggle for repeated occurrence else { bool val = map1.find(arr[i])->second; if (val == true) map1.find(arr[i])->second = false; else map1.find(arr[i])->second = true; } } int j = 0; for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { // first integer with true value if (map1.find(arr[j])->second == true) break; } return arr[j]; } // Driver code int main() { int arr[] = { 2, 4, 6, 8, 1, 6 }; cout << firstEven(arr, 6); return 0; } |
Java
// JAVA code to find the first element // that appears even number times import java.util.*; class GFG { public static int firstEven(int arr[], int n) { HashMap<Integer, Boolean> map = new HashMap<Integer, Boolean>(); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { // first time occurred if (map.get(arr[i]) == null) map.put(arr[i], false); // toggle for repeated occurrence else { boolean val = map.get(arr[i]); if (val == true) map.put(arr[i], false); else map.put(arr[i], true); } } int j = 0; for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { // first integer with true value if (map.get(arr[j]) == true) break; } return arr[j]; } // Driver code public static void main(String[] args) { int arr[] = { 2, 4, 6, 8, 1, 6 }; int n = arr.length; System.out.println(firstEven(arr, n)); } } |
Python3
# Python3 code to find the first element # that appears even number times def firstEven(arr, n): map1 = {} for i in range(0, n): # first time occurred if arr[i] not in map1: map1[arr[i]] = False # toggle for repeated occurrence else: map1[arr[i]] = not map1[arr[i]] for j in range(0, n): # first integer with true value if map1[arr[j]] == True: break return arr[j] # Driver code if __name__ == "__main__": arr = [2, 4, 6, 8, 1, 6] print(firstEven(arr, 6)) # This code is contributed # by Rituraj Jain |
C#
// C# code to find the first element // that appears even number times using System; using System.Collections.Generic; class GFG { static int firstEven(int []arr, int n) { var map = new Dictionary<int, string>(); var hash = new HashSet<int>(arr); foreach (int a in hash) map.Add(a, "null"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { // first time occurred if (map[arr[i]].Equals("null")) map[arr[i]] = "false"; // toggle for repeated // occurrence else { string val = map[arr[i]]; if (val.Equals("true")) map[arr[i]] = "false"; else map[arr[i]] = "true"; } } int j = 0; for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { // first integer with // true value if (map[arr[j]].Equals("true")) break; } return arr[j]; } // Driver code static void Main() { int []arr = new int[]{ 2, 4, 6, 8, 1, 6 }; int n = arr.Length; Console.Write(firstEven(arr, n)); } } // This code is contributed by // Manish Shaw(manishshaw1) |
6
Time Complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space : O(n)
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